《误差理论与测量平差基础教学课件》第十讲.ppt
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1、第二章第二章 参参 数数 平平 差差Parametric Least-Squares AdjustmentParametric Least-Squares Adjustment1、参数平差的函数模型、参数平差的函数模型误差方程误差方程复复 习习误差理论与测量平差基础误差理论与测量平差基础 测绘学院大地教研室 2006年 2、未知参数的估值方程、未知参数的估值方程法方程法方程3、参数平差的计算步骤、参数平差的计算步骤1 1)选参数;选参数;2)2)列出误差方程列出误差方程;3 3)组成法方程组成法方程;4 4)解算法方程解算法方程;5 5)计算改正数向量,观测量的平差值;计算改正数向量,观测量的
2、平差值;6 6)精度估计。精度估计。当当P正定,正定,A列满秩时法方程有唯一解:列满秩时法方程有唯一解:1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation2 2、Concept of Precision EstimateConcept of Precision Estimate3 3、Standard Error of Unit WeightStandard Error of Unit Weight第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing P
3、arametric Approximation and Precision estimate4 4、Calculate the VCalculate the VT TPVPV5 5、Weight Reciprocal and Standard Error of Weight Reciprocal and Standard Error of Functions of UnknownsFunctions of Unknowns1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲
4、参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate1 1)The necessaryThe necessary 参数一般是平差问题中的物理量;参数一般是平差问题中的物理量;如坐标,角度,距离等如坐标,角度,距离等这些量的数值一般都比较大;这些量的数值一般都比较大;有些量还是复名数,如角度;有些量还是复名数,如角度;计算起来麻烦,故引入近似值。计算起来麻烦,故引入近似值。1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the
5、parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate2 2)How to import the parametric approximationHow to import the parametric approximation 1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精
6、度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimateExample 1Example 1 以单三角形为例,设观测了三角形三内角,其观测值为以单三角形为例,设观测了三角形三内角,其观测值为626217175252,333352521919及及838349494343,求各角最或然值。,求各角最或然值。第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate1 Error equat
7、ion1 Error equation2 Approximation2 Approximation3 Error equation3 Error equation1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate3 3)The consistent in import and no-importThe con
8、sistent in import and no-import不引入近似值不引入近似值引入近似值引入近似值1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate4 4)Linearing of no-linear equationLinearing of no-linear equation1 1、Importi
9、ng the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimateExample 2Example 21 Error equation1 Error equation2 Approximation2 Approximation3 Linear 3 Linear 1 1、Importing the parametric approximationI
10、mporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate4 Coefficient4 Coefficient3 Error equation3 Error equation1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Im
11、porting Parametric Approximation and Precision estimateLinearization:Linearization:is the process of approximating is the process of approximating non-linear functions by a linear one.The non-linear functions by a linear one.The most convenient and efficient approach of most convenient and efficient
12、 approach of linearization used in Geomatics is Taylor linearization used in Geomatics is Taylor Series ExpansionSeries Expansion 1 1、Importing the parametric approximationImporting the parametric approximation第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estimate
13、Ponder the following questions:Ponder the following questions:(1)(1)Can we select the approximation arbitrarily?Can we select the approximation arbitrarily?(2)(2)If we select adjustment value as the If we select adjustment value as the approximation,the and approximation,the and l l is?is?(3)(3)If w
14、e select true value of X as approximation,If we select true value of X as approximation,the and the and l l is?is?2 2、Concept of Precision EstimateConcept of Precision Estimate1)The necessary of precision estimate第十讲第十讲 参数近似值的引入及精度估计参数近似值的引入及精度估计Importing Parametric Approximation and Precision estim
15、atea a、one of the adjustment purposeone of the adjustment purposeb b、pay attention to distinguish between true pay attention to distinguish between true error and residual errorerror and residual error2)Content of precision estimate a a、standard error of unit weightstandard error of unit weightb b、w
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