高中英语定语从句讲解 课件.pptx

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1、定语从句定语从句shirley主讲人老师I like girls.I like girls with long hair.I like girls with long hair,big eyes and dimples.限定的语言，限定名词/代词的范围She is the girl who loves Alex.定语定语主主系系表表She is the girl后置从句后置从句1.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop.2.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句

2、The book is on the desk.1.The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.定语从句2.The woman whom you saw in the park is our English teacher.定语从句主句:The woman is our English teacher.The students (who dont study hard)The woman (whom you saw in the park)定 语 从

3、 句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词先行词先行词放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后The man who lives next to uswho两者关系：关系词代替先行词关 系 词引导定语从句的关系词指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因 who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，of whichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词1、who 的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语 The boys who are playing football are fr

4、om Class One.分解The boys are from Class One The boys are playing football 做主语关系代词1、who 的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语 The woman who you saw in the park is our English teacher.分解The woman is our English teacher.You saw the woman in the park做宾语关系代词1、who 的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语 The man who called yesterday wants to bu

5、y the house.关系代词 The man plans to find four musicians who could sing.The family who I met at the airport were very kind.2.whom也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾语，语，常可省略。常可省略。Mr.Liu is the man(whom)you talked about.Mr.Liu is the man 分解分解 You talked about the man 注意：关系代词注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用在口语和非正式语体中常用wh

6、o代替，可省略。代替，可省略。作宾语关系代词关系代词Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I saw yesterday.2.whom也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾语，语，常可省略。常可省略。Do you remember the boy with whom I used to go out?注意：注意：whomwhom在从句中作介词的宾语，且宾语置于在从句中作介词的宾语，且宾语置于whomwhom前时不能用前时不能用whowho代替代替3.whose 作定语从句的定语.I know the girl whose mo

7、ther is a teacher.分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语名词所有格关系代词3.whose 作定语从句的定语.Hes a man whose opinion I respect.关系代词Its the house whose door is painted red.A shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes.关系代词4、which 的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语分解A shoe shop is a shopThe shop sells shoes做主语He told

8、us about the countries which he had visited.关系代词4、which 的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语分解He told us about the countriesHe had visited the countries做宾语He prefers groups which play quiet and slow songs.关系代词4、which 的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语This is the book which he is looking for.5.that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略 The man who

9、/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.关系代词which=that who=that5.that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略The students are reading the books which/that were written by Moyan.The vedio(which/that)we made last year was very interesting.关系代词which=that who=that5.t

10、hat 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略The woman(who/whom/that)you met on the street worked in a hospital.The pen(which/that)I bought yesterday is on the desk.关系代词which=that who=that如何选定定语从句关系词如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词（确定定语从句的先行词（人人/物物/人和物）人和物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语分（主语 宾

11、语宾语 定语）定语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语则用则用关系代关系代词词。沙场秋点兵沙场秋点兵1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

12、A.who B.which C.whom由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语4.The teacher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that5.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom介词提前时只能用 whom由由W

13、hom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语7.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _ native(本国本国的的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ homework gets an A is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose Whose 引

14、导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中做定语在句中做定语10、He likes to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The key _ I need cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中做在句中做主语主语 宾语宾语that用关系代词填空：用关系代词填空：th

15、at、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man _wants to see you.2.Clock is a thing _ tells people the time.3.This is the shirt _ I bought yesterday.4.This is the boy with _he talked.5.The man _ leg broke in a game used to be a football player.who/that which/that which/that whom whose用关系代词填空：用关系代词填空：that

16、、which、who、whom、whose 6.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.7.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.8.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.who/that which/that which/thatwhich/thatwhere when why1

17、、where 作地点状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where(=in which)I was born.where =介词 +whichThe table where(=at which)she is sitting is a new one.关系副词1、where 作地点状语This is the town where(=in which)I was born.where =介词 +whichI forgot the place where(=in which)I had hidden

18、 the box.关系副词It is the year.The Olympic Games begins in the year.when 作时间状语:2.时间名词时间名词+when+定语从句定语从句She will never forget the day when(=on which)she won the game.When=介词 +which It is the year when(=in which)the Olympic Games begins.She will never forget the day.She won the game on that day.关系副词 when

19、 作时间状语:2.时间名词时间名词+when+定语从句定语从句I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Beijing.When=介词 +which The year when(=in which)the earthquake happened was 1976.关系副词3.表原因的名词表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句定语从句(why只用于只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中之后的限制性定语从句中,在定在定语从句中作原因状语。语从句中作原因状语。)This is the reason he gave his t

20、eacher in the classroom.The reason he did not go to school is that he was ill.which/that whyThis is the reason.He gave his teacher the reason in the classroom.why =for which关系副词3.表原因的名词表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句定语从句(why只用于只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从在定语从句中作原因状语。句中作原因状语。)Is it the reason he refuse

21、d our help?I dont want to hear any reason you are absent（缺席）（缺席）.why whywhy =for which关系副词when where和和why都可以替换成都可以替换成“介词介词+which”Do you still remember the day on which/when we first met in Nantong?This is the room in which/where we lived last year.Do you know the reason for which/why he didnt go to

22、Marys birthday party.(on which=when)(in which=where)(for which=why)关系副词关系副词小结关系副词小结when=on(in at during.)whichwhere=in(at on.)whichwhy=for which 关系副词where when why1.This is the place _ John was born?A.which B.where C.when 2.The days _ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.A.when B.which

23、 C.on which 3.Dont forget the day _ you came to Beijing University.A.when B.that C.at which4.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A.which B.why C.when 5.This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.where C.when 6.He has forgotten the day _ he arrive

24、d.A.when B.that C.at which7.Bob took me to see the house _ I would live.A.where B.when C.why 8.I want to explain the reason _ I didnt come.A.why B.where C.when 9.Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.A.in which B.that C.when如何选定定语从句关系词如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词（确定定语从句的先行词（

25、人人/物物/人和物）人和物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语分（主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 状语）状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语则用则用关系代关系代词词，如果做，如果做状语状语则用则用关系副词关系副词。特殊情况特殊情况He is the best man that/who/whom/-I have met.4.This is the best film that has been made by children.1.Is there anything that you want

26、to buy in town?/A notebook is all that I need.2.The only thing that matters is to find our way home.5.The first book that I chose yesterday is interesting.3.This is the very/right book that I want to buy.just the book (人不受限制)当先行词是All,much,none,everything,anything,something等不定代词，且指物时2当先行词被the only,th

27、e very,all,no等词修饰时3.当先行词是序数词或被序数词/最高级或被最高级修饰时all,everything,anything,nothing,little,any,no,the only,the very,thexxxest,the xxxthYou are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.他没那么有钱啦！He is not that rich!6.They are talking about the people and the school that/-they have visited.7.Which is the

28、book that/-you bought?4当先行词中有人又有物时5主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复只用thateg：Who is the man that is talking with Mr.Black?由who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复只用that1.All _ is needed is a notebook.A.which B.that C.what2.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词 all,few,lit

29、tle,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导3.Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.whose4.This is the first car _ arrived this morning.A.which B.who C.that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导5.I know all people _ are from that village.A.who B.that C.whose6.There is no water _ is neede

30、d badly.A.which B.who C.that7.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.that C.in which先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时只能用that引导8.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.which9.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.that C.which先行词被the on

31、ly,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时只能用that引导10.We are talking about the people and the places _ we have visited in the countryside.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导11.Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory?A.who B.that C.which主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导There is an old man who want

32、s to see you.eg:那儿有老人想要见你。在there be句型中，先行词为人只用who.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用whoeg：He understood those who needed help.eg：Besides our family,our friends are the ones who share our joy and sorrow with us.先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系 =of which the door =the door of which They live in a house whose door is blu

33、e.eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。=of whom the daughter=the daughter of whomeg:He is the police whose daughter went abroad.由与前面名词的固定搭配确定 i.e.the day on which由定从中谓语动词的固定搭配确定 i.e.This is the man to whom I turned yesterday.介词的确定China has hundreds of islands（岛）,the largest _which is Taiwan.ofHe is the person_whom you

34、 will write.to _whom the book was written.by _whom I learnt a lot.from _whom I worked in the factory.with _ which there are few new words.This is the book _ which I learned a lot.fromin_which there is a factory.This is the river _we often have a walk._a bridge was built._ there is a boat.by/besideon

35、 whichover/across whichalong whichRestrictive Clause限定性定语从句This is the man who had once stolen my wallet.去掉限定定从，主句的意思不一样。定从是告知信息 inform 的功能。Non-restrictive Attributive ClauseThis man,who had once stolen my wallet,wants to work in your company.去掉非限定从，主句的意思仍然不变，但是情感有差异。非限定从，表暗示 imply 的功能。非限定性定语从句他将去北京

36、看望妻子，她在北京工作（没有逗号翻译成：他将去看望在北京工作的那个妻子）特征特征:用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话He will go to see his wife,who is in Beijing.He passed the exam,which makes me happy.特征特征:which:which可代指前面整句话，不可用可代指前面整句话，不可用thatthat定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.I love my father,who is good

37、 to me.Smoking,which is a bad habit,is very popular.1.Watch the girl and her dog _ are crossing the bridge!A.which B.who C.they D.thatD单项选择1.The man _ you just talked to was a friend of mine.A.whom B.which D.whose D.where 2.The car _ my father bought me is very expensive.A.who B.whose C.that D.where

38、3.The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A.the nurse is talking to himB.whom the nurse is talking to C.the nurse is talking to D.that the nurse is talkingACB4.Ms.Ji _ loves us very much is our math teacher.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which5.The bike _was stolen.A.which my mother buys me B.who my m

39、other bought me C.which my mother bought me D.that my mother buys me6.The dog _ owner is an old man is very lovely.A.which B.whose C.that D.who ACB1.More people could afford the books _were produced on a printing press.2.Some of my friends _ went on to university cant find work.3.Hansel is a smart b

40、oy _ often comes up with good ideas.4.I hate the dogs _ live in the next house.5.Yesterday Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house_ he was born in.6.Everything _ you learn becomes a part of you and changes you,so learn wisely and learn well.which/that who who/thatthat/whichthat/which

41、that2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.1.1.I have a friend _ likes I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/that3.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 y

42、ears old.5.The boy with _ John talked is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that1.Is there anything _you want to buy in the town.2.All _ we can do is to study hard.3.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthat that I have lots of friends,some/n

43、one of _are friendly.I have lots of friends.Some of _are friendly.I have lots of friends,and some of _are friendly.whomthemthemTips:1.关系词的选用，取决于先行词在从句中的成分，而不是它本身。2.定语从句不能滥用。如果能用简单句表达出来的东西就不用从句来表达。定语从句总结各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法：各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法：1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。指人，在定语从句中作主语。指人，在定语从句中作主语。指人，在定语从句中作主语。2.whom

44、 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。指人，在定语从句中作宾语。指人，在定语从句中作宾语。指人，在定语从句中作宾语。3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。指人，在定语从句中作定语。指人，在定语从句中作定语。指人，在定语从句中作定语。4.which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。5.that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语

45、。指时间，在定语从句中作状语。指时间，在定语从句中作状语。指时间，在定语从句中作状语。7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。指地点，在定语从句中作状语。指地点，在定语从句中作状语。指地点，在定语从句中作状语。8.why 指原因，在定语从句中作状语。指原因，在定语从句中作状语。指原因，在定语从句中作状语。指原因，在定语从句中作状语。1.只能使用只能使用that,不用不用which 的情况：的情况：(1)先行词是先行词是few,little,nothing,everything,anything，all,等不定代等不定代词时。例如：词时。例如：All that he said is true

46、.(2)先行词被先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既

47、包括人又包括物时。例如：先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.均表强调2.只能用只能用which，不用，不用that 的情况：的情况：(1)在在非限制性定语非限制性定语从中。从中。如：如：The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由定语从句由介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导，先行词是物时。引导，先行词是物时。如：如：The thing about which he is talking is of grea

48、t importance.合并同类项合并同类项That man is crying in the car.句句2 2：I know the man.句句1 1：两个句子两个句子找出相同词，确定主从句找出相同词，确定主从句I know the man the man is crying in the car.The man is crying in the car.句句2 2：I know the man.句句1 1：先行词先行词 用词代替用词代替I I knowknow the manthe man who is crying in the caris crying in the car.关系

49、代词：关系代词：1、代指 the man2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词先行词句1：I do not like books.句2：Books do not have pictures.I do not like books which do not have pictures.I do not like books books do not have pictures.两个句子两个句子关系代词：关系代词：1、代指 books2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词先行词粗暴合并粗暴合并替换同类项替换同类项句1：I have a puppy dog.句2：A puppy dogs e

50、yes are blue.I have a puppy dog whose eyes are blue.I have a puppy dog a puppy dogs eyes are blue.两个句子两个句子关系代词：关系代词：1、代指 dogs2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词先行词粗暴合并粗暴合并替换同类项替换同类项句1：I know the boy.句2：You like the boy.I know the boy you like who/whom/that.I know the boy who/whom/that/省略 you like.I know the boy y