高考英语一轮复习 高三语法专项复习：并列连词、复合句及特殊句式 课件.pptx

《高考英语一轮复习 高三语法专项复习：并列连词、复合句及特殊句式 课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习 高三语法专项复习：并列连词、复合句及特殊句式 课件.pptx（126页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题并列连词并列连词并列连词并列连词复合句复合句复合句复合句特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一.并列连词 六.There be 句型 二.定语从句 七.感叹句三.名词性从句 八.反意疑问句 四.状语从句 九.倒装句 五.祈使句 十.省略空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题并列连词用法例句and both.and.not only.but(also).neither.nor.but yet whilewhereasoreither.or.not.but.forso表示顺承或递进关系表示对比或转折关系表示选择关系表示因果关系He had plent

2、y of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly,but(also)he spoke more easily.Jane said she was ill,but(yet)I saw her in the street just now.Some men are rich,while(whereas)others are poor.Either you are right,or I am.She is not a teacher but a student.It must have rained last

3、 night,for it is wet all over.The shops were closed,so I didint get any milk.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题注意：(1)and,or 还可用于“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中，相当于 “if./if.not.+主句”。Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.Dress warmly,or youll catch a cold.=If you dont dress warmly,youll catch a cold.空白演示单击

4、输入您的封面副标题(2)but 还可用于Im sorry but.”和“Excuse me but.”句型中。I am sorry but I wont be able to come tonight.Excuse me but could you keep this seat for me for a while.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题(3)when 还可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时，那时”，相当于 and at this/that time.常用于下列句式：sb.was doing sth.when.sb.was about to do/on the point of doing

5、sth.when.Sb.had just done sth.when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.I had just fnished my homework when Tom came to me.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用并列连词填空Shall we go out to the cinema _stay at home?There are many kinds of sports,_my favorite

6、is swimming.Henry is very smart,_many of his classmates like him.Work hard_ you will be admitted to a key university.Hurry up_ you will miss the bus.orbutsoandor空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别分类用法例句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定的作用对先行词起补充说明作用。先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。相当于并列句、状语从句等。He has two sons who work in t

7、he same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(he has only two sons.)空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题同义句转换 That is his father,and he works in Shanghai.That is his father,_works in Shanghai.I like the boy,who is very lovely.I like the boy,_ he is very lovely.He told

8、me a story yesterday,and I thought it was very interesting.He told me a story yesterday,_I thought was very interesting.whobecause/forwhich空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词用法例句whowhom用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句who可用that代替用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替，但介词提到关

9、系代词前，只能用whomShe is the girl who(that)lives next door.Do you know the boy who(that)is standing there?Thats the girl(whom/who/that)I teach.This is the scientist,the achievemnts of whom are well known.(=This is the scientist,of whom the achievemnts are well known.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题关系代词用法例句whichthat用于限制性或非

10、限制性定语从句。先行词指物或一句话，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中which可用that代替只用于限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。指人时通常可以用who,whom互换，指物时可以和which互换，但关系代词作宾语且介词提到其前面时，不用thatThat is the book(that/which)I want to read.He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.She is the girl that(who)likes sports.That is the place th

11、at(which)all of us are eager to visit.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题关系代词用法例句whoseas用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语，相当于of whom或of whichThis is the scientist whose achievement are well known.This is the house whose window broke last night.用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型为：such(+名词)+as.(像.一样的，像.之类的)the sam

12、e+名词+as.(和.同样的)用于非限制性定语从句中，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为：正如.,像.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.This book is not such as I expect.(as 作宾语）I have the same book as he has.As is known to us all,China is in the east of Asia.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用who,whom,that,which,whose,as 填空 The house _ windo

13、ws face north belongs to him.The man _ you met just now is my old friend.The man _ is walking in the playground is my old friend.Take the book _ is lying on the table.She is such a girl _ is always finding fault with other people.whosewho/whom/that/不填who/thatwhich/thatas空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题三、关系代词that和whi

14、ch 的特殊用法1.限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that而不能用which的情况：当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,some等时Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?当先行词前面有the only,the very(恰恰，正好),any,every,no,all,few,little,much,the right,the last等词修饰时This is the very bus that Im waiting for.当先行词是形容

15、词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时This is the best way that has been used against pollution.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题当先行词既有人又有物时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost?有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系

16、代词宜用which,另一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从句中当动词短语中的介词提前时注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词至于关系代词之前The sports meeting was put off,which astonished me.This is a house in which

17、 Lu Xun once lived.()This is the pen(which/that)Im looking for.()This is the pen for which Im looking.先行词后面有插入语时Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.先行词本身就是that 时Whats that which flashed through the sky just now?空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用关系代词that或which 填空(9

18、)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.(10)Whenever Imet her,_ was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.(11)All the presents_your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.(12)This is the very book_ I have been looking for.(13)He was late for the o

19、penning ceremony,_ was very surprising to me.thatthatthatwhichwhich空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题四、关系代词as,which 的区别as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，关系词在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，as 和 which 均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。1.下列情况通常只用as而不用which:空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题条件例句当定语从句置于主句前面时As you see,the Chinese people are hard-working.关系词作主语且定语从句为

20、被动语态形式时，从句谓语通常为：be known,be said,be reported,be announced,be mentioned等She has been absent again,as is expected.在下列习惯用语中：as(it)seems likely,as(it)often happens,as(it)was pointed out,as(it)was said earlier,as I remember(it),as I understand(it),as(it)appears,as is often the case,as anybody can see,as

21、we have expectedJack has won the first prize,as it often happens.She has read widely in Romantic Literature,as it appears from her essay.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.下列情况通常用which而不用as:条件例句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句或定语从句的谓语带有一个复合宾语结构时I dont think that he will come to see me,which makes me sad.当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时Tom was late

22、 for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时He came here very late,which was unexpected(not expected).He pretented not to know me,which I didnt understand.非限制性定语从句中的be动词不能省略时，用which;反之用asJane told me she won the match,which was a lie.(was 不可省略）As(was)planned,we m

23、et at the airport.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句 填空(14)A lot of language learning,_has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.(15)There is no simple answer,_is often the case in science.asas空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题五、“介词+which、whom”引导定语从句的用法1

24、.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用which或whom,并且不能省略。（1）He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.（2）In the dark street,there wasnt a single person,to whom she could turn for help.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+which/whom从句”结构中的 介词不能移到从句的后面。He has visited Gua

25、n No.One High School several times,in which he has many friends.(in 不能放在定语从句句末）空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题3.“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗 号分开，定语从句常用倒装。He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题4.“介词+which/whom+不定式”结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.=The poor man ha

26、s no house(that/which)he can live in.=The poor man has no house in which he can live.=The poor man has no house to live in.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句 填空(16)He may win the competition,in _case he is likely to get into the national team.(17)Franks dream is to have his own garden in _ to produce many beautiful

27、flowers.whichwhich空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题六、关系副词的用法关系副词用法例句whenwherewhy指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词（如：in,at,on,during等）+which”指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表原因的介词（如：in,on,at,under等）+which”指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词（如：for)+which”I still remember the day when I first came to beijing.(when=on which)Can you tell me the offi

28、ce where he works?(where=in which)Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which)空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题注意：1.当先行词为situation,case,stage,point等，且关系词在定语从中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句 填空(18)He wrote a letter_ he explained w

29、hat had happened in the accident.(19)Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.wherewhere空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前 加介词from/to等。China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.3.关系副词whe

30、n,where可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词why不可以。空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构：以that引导的从句；以whether/if引导的从句；以连接代词/副词who,where,why等引导的从句；以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性关系从句。此外，as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表：空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句thatwhether/if连接代词/副词名词性关

31、系从句一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略可以省略作及物动词宾语作介词宾语放于句首时常用whether用whether/if 均可，但有区别常用whether常用whether常用whether注意语序要用陈述语序注意语序要用陈述语序空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题完成下列句子(1)Can you tell me _(我如何能)get to the railway station?(2)These photographs will show you _ (我们村看上去是什么样子的)。how I canWhat our village looks/is like空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题二

32、、以 that引导的从句（一）that 从句作主语1.that 从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：句 型例 句It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natrual,surpring,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc)+that 从句 It+be+名词（词组）（no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc)+that 从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.Its n

33、o surprise that our team has won the game.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题句 型例 句It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that 从句It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It+动词或动词短语（seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,prove,occur,etc.)+that 从句It happened that he was out.It prove

34、s that he is silly.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.在口语中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，但that从句 位于句首时，that是不能省略的。Its a pity(that)youre leaving.That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（二）that 从句作宾语1.that从句可作及物动词的宾语，常用的结构有：结 构例 句及物动词、be sure等+that 从句及物动词+it+宾补+that 从句Do you know(that)h

35、e has joined the army?He has made it clear that he will nott give in.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.that从句作介词宾语，常用结构有：结 构例 句in/except+that 从句He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.其他介词+it+that从句You may depend on it

36、that I shall always help you.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（三）that引导的表语从句、同位语从句从 句用 法例 句表语从句同位语从句that从句作表语，that一般不省略that从句作同位语，that不可省略My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（四）that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别从 句例 句区

37、 别同位语从句定语从句The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.对前面的名词起补充说明的作用同位语从句（our football team won the match)不缺任何成分对先行词起修饰限制的作用定语从句（we heard on the radio）是残缺的句子空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句填空(3)It is obvious to the students _they should get well p

38、repared for their future.(4)The news _ we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.thatthat空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题三、以 whether/if(是否)引导的从句1.whether/if(是否)引导的表语从句、同位语从句从 句用 法例 句表语从句同位语从句只用whether只用whetherThe problem is whether the meeting will be held.I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.空白演示单击输入您

39、的封面副标题2.whether/if(是否)引导的主语从句条 件引 导 词例 句whetherwhether 或ifwhetherwhether句首it 作形式主语，主语从句置于句末与or not 直接连用与表示选择的or.连用与or not 不直接连用Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.It makes no difference whether or not he comes.It makes no difference whether he comes or leaves.It makes no difference w

40、hether/if he comes or not.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题3.whether/if(是否)引导的宾语从句引导词条件例句只用whether不用if与or not 直接连用与表示选择的or.连用为了强调宾语从句，将宾语从句提前时用 if 表示“是否”容易产生歧义时后加不定式时作介词宾语作discuss的宾语与or not 不直接连用宾语从句中不含or(not)用if 或whether 均可I dont care whether or not he comes.I dont care whether he will leave or stay.Whether he will

41、come I am not sure.Whether he is married I dont know.Please let me know whether you need help.Please let me know if you need help.（如果/是否）I dont know whether to go there.It depends on whether you can do the work well.We are discussing whether we will accept his offer.He didnt tell me if/whether he wo

42、uld come.I dont care whether/if he comes or not.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用whether/if 填空(5)It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(6)I am notsure _ he will come here or not.(7)This decision will have an effect on _ or not he will succeed.whether/ifwheth

43、er/ifwhether空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题四、以 连接代词/副词where,who,how,why等引导的从句名词性从句例 句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Why he is often absent from class is a mystery.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.I cant imagine how he did it.(从句作及物动词的宾语)It all depends on how we solve the problem.(从句作介词on的宾语)The problem is w

44、here we should stay.My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句填空(8)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _he never finished anything.why空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题五、以 what或wh-ever等引导的名词性从句引 导 词用 法例 句whatwhateverwhicheverwhoever=the thing(s)that.,意为：.的东西=a

45、nything that.,意为：.的任何东西=any member of a group of people or things that.,意为：（在某范围之内）.的任何人、物=anyone who.,意为：.的任何人What they need(=The thing that they need)is a good textbook.Whatever he likes(=Anything that he likes)will be given to him.You can write about whatever topic you prefer(=any topic that you

46、prefer.Whichever book he bought would be paid for.It doesnt matter to me whichever you choose.Whoever did this job must be rewarded.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句填空(9)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.(10)_ one of you

47、breaks the window will have to pay for it.(11)The book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.(12)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.(13)-How about camping this weekend,just for a change?-OK,_ you want.(14)To improve the quality of our products,we asked f

48、or suggestions _ had used the products.whatwhateverwhateverwhicheverwhoeverwhoever空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题六、名词性从句的几个易混点（一）That 通常不可省略的情况 1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时。That prices will go up is certain.2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的 that不可省略。He told me the had to leave and that he would be back soon.3.由 it 作形式宾语时，引

49、导宾语从句的that大多不可省略。You can put it that it was arranged before.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（二）as if/as though,because,why也可引导表语从句。(1)It looked as if it was going to rain.(2)Thats because he didnt work hard enough.(3)That was why I asked for three days leave.because 引导表语从句时，主句主语不能是reason或cause，而且 since 和 as 不能引导表语从句

50、。The reason is that.才是正确的。注意：空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一、时间状语从句1.when,while,as连 词词 义用 法whenwhileas当.时候当.时候一边.一边.,随着状语从句的谓语动词可是延续性动词，也可是瞬间动词状语从句的谓语动词是延续性动词状语从句的谓语动词是延续性动词从句动作可先于主句动作，也可和主句动作同时发生侧重主句动作和从句动作同时发生表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题如：When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When th