非谓语动词--高考英语语法专题.pptx

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1、非谓语动词综合讲练非谓语动词综合讲练2 什么是非什么是非谓语动词啊啊？“非非谓语非非谓语”,就是不是就是不是谓语的的动词呗!那不是那不是谓语是什么呢？是什么呢？。如果出现更多动词：I am a student,I like English.加连词（and/but/so）变并列句 I am a student,and I like English.改成主从复合句I am a student who likes English.变为非谓语动词 Being a student,I like English.3主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语 基础常识:

2、英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构,逗号不能并列两个句子4过去分词过去分词 v-edv-ed不定式不定式 to+vto+v动词的动词的v-ingv-ing形形式式与与意意义义非非谓谓语语动动词词将来将来,主动主动进行进行,主动主动I read extensively to improve my English.Reading an English novel,he came across many new words.The book mentioned in the lecture is worth reading.被动被动,完成完成5非谓语动词形式变化非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动

3、不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb.to do sth.或of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词只有被动形式done在前加not非谓语非谓语动词的

4、动词的语法功能语法功能6充当成分主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 等效结构V-ing形式现在分词形容词动名词名词不定式（to do）名词/形容词过去分词(done)形容词一.非谓语动词充当主语to do通常表示具体某一次的行为doing通常表示长期行为或者无时间性7Selling insurance is a challenging job.To sell his old car is really hard.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview.Having the answer ready will be of great he

5、lp._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed_themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresidentsattending_(道路被阻塞)causedustobelateforourworkforhalfanhour.(b

6、lock)_(那女孩受教育)inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.(educate)8The road blockedThe girl educated English at least six years is the qualification for this position.至少学习英语6年才有资格应聘这个职位。the world sixty years is not enough to make one wise.阅历60年也不足以使人睿智。our life longer is a big problem.怎样

7、延长寿命是一个大问题。9变化形式变化形式To have studied To have studied Having seen Having seen How to make How to make It It作形式主语的常用句型作形式主语的常用句型：It is worth/funny/no use/much use/no good/much good/useless/a wonder/a waste of time doing sth.It is no use crying over the spilt milk.It costs/takes/needs/requires sb.sth.to

8、 do sth.There is no doing sth.做某事不可能，没有办法做某事。例如：There is no telling/saying what he is going to do.Theres no reasoning with him.10There is no use/good/point doing sth.做某事没用/不好。例如：There is no use crying over spilt milk.It is adj.for/of sb to do sth.做某事是/某人做某事是。例如：Its important(for us)to study English.

9、（我们）学习英语很重要。Its very kind of you to help me.非常感谢你帮助我。How stupid of me it was to leave the map behind!我真蠢，竟忘记带地图了！How nice it was for George to get the money!乔治拿到了钱真的太好了！11二.非谓语动词充当表语1.不定式和动名词的一般式作表语的区别：不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的“内容”，即说明主语本身是什么，回答what或doing what的问题，主语和表语的位置可以互换。例如：What is his job?他的工作是什么？His jo

10、b is teaching/to teach English.(=Teaching/To teach English is his job.)他的工作是教英语。12表示将来或具体的某次行为常用不定式，不定式前面还可以有for sb或特殊疑问词；表示习惯、经常性的动作常用动名词，但也可以用不定式，动名词前面还可以有其逻辑主语ones。Our task now is to increase food production.我们的任务是增加产量。（不是平时或经常增加产量，而是要增加产量。）This is for you to decide.这由你来决定。The question is how to

11、put the plan into practice.What troubles us is our not having any good reference book.令我们烦恼的是我们没有什么好参考书。（平时我们就没有什么好参考书。）His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.What she likes is watching/to watch the children play.她喜欢的是看孩子们玩。（指她平时或经常喜欢看孩子们玩。）13已经变成了形容词的现在分词和过去分词表示主语的性质或状态。This book is

12、so interesting that everyone is interested in it.这本非常有趣，大家多对它感兴趣。动名词的完成式表示动作的完成。His regret is having tried every means and being abandoned by her.14不定式符号to的省略当主语部分中有实义动词do的某种形式时（如：do,did,have/has/had done,to do等），作表语的不定式常省去to。例如：The only thing I can do is wait and see.What I really want to do is tra

13、vel by bike.15In time you may come to like it here.Youve come to mean a lot to me.Im sure the kids will soon get to like each other.Itll take a while for you to know everyone.I think youll grow to like him when you know him better.16comecome，getget和和growgrow与不定式连用与不定式连用三.非谓语动词充当宾语1.1.不定式的一般式、进行式和完成式

14、作动词宾语不定式的一般式、进行式和完成式作动词宾语不定式不定式to doto do表示动作在将来或在谓语动作之后发生，但不定表示动作在将来或在谓语动作之后发生，但不定式式“to be+“to be+表语表语”表示主语的性质或身份，它们的逻辑主语表示主语的性质或身份，它们的逻辑主语是句子的主语。是句子的主语。David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.It promises to be cool in the evening.He pretended to be a gent

15、leman,but actually he was a cheat.17只能跟to do作宾语的动词和短语动词有：afford；aim；agree；appear/seem；arrange；ask；beg；demand；attempt；bother；choose；claim；dare；decide/determine；refuse/decline；plan；prepare；hope/expect/want/wish/desire/long；fail；happen；hesitate；manage；seek；offer；volunteer；pretend；promise/undertake；swea

16、r；threaten；wait；set out等。18不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时进行不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时进行。例如：He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.不定式的完成式表示动作在谓语动作之前已经完成不定式的完成式表示动作在谓语动作之前已经完成。例如：Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears to have been told everything.I dont know whether you happen to have he

17、ard,but Im going to study in the U.S.A.this September.He pretended to have seen the magic clothes.（=He pretended that he had seen the magic clothes.）19为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，常省去不定式中的动词及其宾语或表语，只保留to。但是，to be，to have和to have been都不省略。例如：Would you like to see our baby?Yes.Id love to.(虽然从语法上讲，Id love to see y

18、our baby./Id love to do so/that/it.都对，但是，人们实际上不这样说。)I would mend your radio,but I dont know how to.Why didnt you come at eight?You were told to.20特别提醒特别提醒这种结构中的这种结构中的to doto do也表示动作在将来或在谓也表示动作在将来或在谓语动作之后发生，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。语动作之后发生，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。例如：Ive worked with children before,so I know what to expect in

19、 my new job.You must consider how to take the next step.212.“2.“疑问词（疑问词（whywhy除外）除外）+to do”+to do”结构作动词宾语结构作动词宾语动名词的一般式和完成式作宾语动名词的一般式和完成式作宾语22动名词可以作介词、及物动词和及物短语动词的宾语。其一般式往往表示动作在将来或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式表示已经完成或在谓语动作之前完成。例如：Something as simple as drinking some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressur

20、e.Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.My goodness!I cant imagine being that old.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语acknowledge/admit；advise/suggest/recommend；advocate；avoid；appreciate；escape；consider；complete/finish；delay/postpone；de

21、ny；enjoy；excuse/pardon/forgive；fancy（=feel like）；imagine；include；involve；keep；mind；miss；permit；practise/practice；prevent；quit；report；risk；cannot resist；cannot tolerate；understand；give up；put off；feel like；set about等。23介词动词contribute to；lead to；object to；react to；keep to；stick to；see to；turn to；be/ge

22、t/become used/accustomed to；be addicted to；be devoted to；be equal to；be reduced to；be opposed to；be related to；get down to；give ones mind to；give thought to；look forward to；put ones mind to；say yes to等。24只跟动名词的固定句型be worth/busy值得怎么样；忙于做某事；have difficulty/trouble/a good/hard time(in)doing sth.做某事吃力、费

23、劲或有困难；what/how about doing sth.做某事怎么样。It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and introducing better ones of your own.25动名词的复合结构作宾语动名词的复合结构作宾语动名词的复合结构可以作某些动词、短语动词和所有介词的宾语，其逻辑主语中的名词的所有格可以改用名词，人称代词的所有格可以改用宾格，但不能改用主格。例如：I forbid Toms/Tom/your/you coming into my room.=Toms/Your c

24、oming into my room is forbidden.（不能说Tom is/You are forbidden coming into my room.但可以说Tom is/You are forbidden to come into my room./Tom is/You are forbidden from coming into my room.）I thought of the passengers waiting for help.They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to t

25、he environment and only thinking about money.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard outside the classroom.26 I really cant understand you/them/their treating her like that.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught.常跟动名词的复合结构作宾语动词和短语动词有：a

26、dvise，appreciate，suggest，propose，recommend，excuse，pardon，forgive，permit，prevent，mind，understand，lead to，think of等。27动名词和不定式的一般式作宾语意义相同动名词和不定式的一般式作宾语意义相同有些动词既可跟to do也可跟doing作宾语，意义差别不大。这些动词常见的有：begin/start开始；continue继续；cease停止；hate讨厌；intend/propose计划，打算；like/love喜欢；prefer宁愿，更喜欢；cannot stand/bear不能容忍，无

27、法忍受；等。但在下列情况下通常用不定式。would like/love/prefer/hate之后谓语动词begin和start已用进行时态时宾语是表示心理状态或精神活动的动词 I began to understand/see/realize/wonder who had done it.28不定式和动名词的一般式作宾语意义不同不定式和动名词的一般式作宾语意义不同有些动词跟to do和doing作宾语意义明显不同。例如：remember to do sth.记住、别忘了要去做某事；remember doing sth.记得/想起了曾经做过某事。forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事

28、；forget doing sth.忘了做过某事regret to do sth.抱歉/遗憾要做某事；regret doing/having done sth.后悔/遗憾做了某事。mean to do sth.打算，想要做某事或有做某事的意图；mean doing sth.意味着、意思是、就是、等于做某事。29try to do sth.设法、试图、努力去做某事；try doing sth.做某事试试看，尝试着做某事。want to do sth.想做某事；want doing需要被做。need to do sth.需要做某事；need doing需要被怎么样，等于want/require d

29、oing。cannot help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事；cannot help doing sth.忍不住、禁不住、情不自禁地做某事或无意中做了某事。consider how to do sth.考虑怎样做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事。（不能说consider to do sth.）30三个“需要need/want/require”，一个“值得deserve”跟doing和to be done意义相同，都表示“被动”The house needs/wants/requires repairing(=to be repaired).He deserves

30、praising(=to be praised).As r result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.31I never dreamed of _(会有这样的机会)to study in the hospital.(there)The visiting expert preferred giving lecturers to _(被邀请)meetings at times.(invite)32四.非谓语动词充当宾补宾补1.to do sth.1.to do sth.to

31、do sthto do sth作宾语补足语，表示“动作在将来发生”。如advise sb to do sth.劝某人去做某事。能这样用的动词和动词短语有ask请求，beg恳求，request请求，要求，advise劝说，建议，press极力劝说，敦促，催促，urge力劝，敦促，催促，persuade说服，劝服，allow/permit允许，forbid禁止，cause使得，导致，get使得，促使，lead使得，引导，oblige使不得不，drive迫使，逼迫，force强制，强迫，迫使，order/command命令，instruct命令，指示，tell要求，命令，叫，encourage鼓励，

32、促进，激发，inspire鼓舞，激励，invite邀请，expect/want/wish希望，need需要，require需要，法规要求，规定，teach教，train训练，remind提醒，know见过，听说过，help帮助；call on号召，depend on/rely on依靠，指望，long for渴望，wait for等待，等。33特别提醒：特别提醒：有些动词的宾补to do sth.或not to do sth.可以转换成“介词+动名词”结构。例如：advise sb.not to do sth.=advise sb.against doing sth.劝某人不要做某事 pers

33、uade sb.to do sth.=persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人去做某事；persuade sb.not to do sth.=persuade sb.out of doing sth.forbid sb.to do sth.=forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事warn sb.not to do sth.=warn sb.against doing sth.警告、告诫、提醒某人不要做某事help sb.to do sth.=help sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事34有些动词只能跟“介词+动名词”作宾补，不能跟t

34、o do sth.作宾补。例如：keep sb.from doing sth.阻止/防止某人做某事（=prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.）prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止/阻止某人做某事（=forbid sb.to do sth./forbid sb.from doing sth.esp.by laws,rules or regulations）discourage sb.from doing sth.劝阻某人不要做某事/阻止某人做某事（=persuade sb.not to do sth.）accuse sb.of doing sth.

35、指责、指控、控告某人做某事charge sb.with doing sth.控告、指控某人做某事352.2.不定式不定式“to be+“to be+表语表语”作宾补作宾补有些动词跟宾语后再跟有些动词跟宾语后再跟“to be+“to be+表语表语”作宾语补足语，表示作宾语补足语，表示“宾语的性质宾语的性质或身份或身份”。这些动词有：believe/consider/suppose/think，judge，know，find，discover，guess，feel，imagine，recognize，show/prove，report。等。比如，feel sb.to be right；suppo

36、se sb.to be an expert。特别提醒：特别提醒：believe,feel,consider,think,judge,find,discover,prove等后面的补足语可省略to be。比如，We consider him(to be)honest.有些动词除了跟“to be”作宾补外，还能跟“to have done”作宾补，但不能跟“to do”作宾补。这些动词有：believe/consider/judge/suppose认为，show证明/表明，report报告。比如，believe sb to have done sth.认为某人做了某事个别动词跟to be作宾补，等

37、于“介词+being”。比如，suspect sb.to be=suspect sb.of being怀疑某人是363.3.现在分词现在分词doing sth.doing sth.作宾补作宾补有些动词跟宾语后再跟“doing sth.”作宾语补足语，表示“宾语正在做某事”。这些动词有：keep使/让/保持，catch抓住，撞见，discover（出乎意料地）发现、碰见或撞见，find 发现，发觉，imagine想象，smell闻到，等。例如：Carrie went into the kitchen,where she found them giggling together.I caught/

38、discovered him reading my private letter.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt37特别提醒：特别提醒：不能说find/discover/catch sb.do sth.。当说“发现某人做过了某事”时，用find/discover that sb.has done sth.句型。比如，I called on her this evening;but I found/dis

39、covered she had gone to the country on a visit.今晚我去看他，却发现他已去了乡下访友。keep sb.doing sth.意为“使某人一直做某事”，而keep sb from doing sth.意为“防止、阻止某人做某事”，=prevent/stop sb(from)doing sth.384.to do sth.4.to do sth.与与doing sth.doing sth.作宾补意义不同作宾补意义不同leaveleave和和sendsend两个动词既能跟两个动词既能跟to doto do作宾补，也能跟作宾补，也能跟doingdoing作宾

40、补，但意作宾补，但意义不同。义不同。leave sb.to do sthleave sb.to do sth让某人处理某事、把某工作或任务交给某人（to do sth.是主语有意识的目的）；leave sb.doing sthleave sb.doing sth使/让某人处于做某事的状态（doing sth.不一定是主语所要达到的目的）。例如：I left her to do the decision.我让她做决定。Im sorry to have left you waiting for so long a time.send sb.to do sthsend sb.to do sth.派/

41、送某人去做某事(to do sth表示宾语将去做某事)。send sb.doing sth.send sb.doing sth.使得某人做某事(doing表示宾语由静止状态转向运动状态，并且具有描述性)。例如：I sent Jean to go get some butter.我叫吉恩去买点黄油来。The explosion sent glass flying everywhere.爆炸使玻璃到处乱飞。395.5.只能跟只能跟do sth.do sth.作宾补的动词作宾补的动词makemake和和let let make sb do sth有两个意思，一是表示“使、引起、导致某人做某事”，二是

42、表示“强迫、迫使某人做某事”。例如：That tune makes me want to dance.那支曲子使我想跳舞。/听到那支曲子我就想跳舞。They made us write it out again ten times.他们强迫我们再写十遍。let sb do sth意为“让、允许某人做某事”。例如：Dont let your boss hear you say that.（=Dont allow your boss to hear you say that.）不要让你的老板听到我们说这样的事情。406.do sth.6.do sth.和和doing sth.doing sth.作

43、宾补具有不同的动作意义作宾补具有不同的动作意义有些动词跟有些动词跟do sth.do sth.作宾补指动作的作宾补指动作的“结果结果”，而跟，而跟doing sth.doing sth.作宾作宾补指动作的补指动作的“过程过程”。这些动词和短语动词有：see，hear，feel，notice，observe，watch，listen to，look at。等。比如，see sb do sth看到某人做了某事，see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事。41特别提醒：特别提醒：see sb.do sth.之类的句型变成被动语态时，原来不带to的不定式要带to。但是，see sb.doing

44、 sth.变成被动语态时doing不变。I saw him come in and sit down.我看见他走了进来坐下了。He was seen(by me)to come in and sit down.I saw him lying on the ground.我看见他正躺在地上。He was seen(by me)lying on the ground.只见他正躺在地上。当谓语动词表示经常性的习惯时，do和doing作宾补意义相同。I often heard him sing/singing this song.我常听见他唱这首歌。427.7.过去分词（过去分词（donedone）作

45、宾补）作宾补donedone作宾语补足语，表示动作作宾语补足语，表示动作“被动被动和和完成完成”。这些动词除了上面的hear,feel,notice,observe,watch,have以外，还有want,wish,expect,like,make,get,keep,leave等。其中，want,wish,expect和like等表示“意图”的动词后的宾补可省去to be，从而使语气更加显得毅然决然。例如：We want the job(to be)done by the end of this week.我们想这项工作到本周末做完。43 作宾补时不定式的省略作宾补时不定式的省略为了避免重复前

46、面已经出现过的动词，常省去不定式中的动词及其宾语，只保留to。但是，to be，to have和to have been都不省略。例如：The boy wanted to play football in the street,but his mother told him not to.那小男孩想到大街上去踢足球，但是他妈妈叫他不去。44He is said _(在国外学习)for two years,but I dont know which country he is in.(study)What a great load the mother felt _(如释重负)her mind

47、the moment her lost son turned up.(take)45to have studied abroad五.非谓语动词充当定定语1.to do1.to do和和to be doneto be done它们作定语常具有“后时性”，表示“其动作在谓语动作之后发生”，且多具有情态意义，与被修饰的词之间具有动宾关系、主谓关系和补充说明的关系。当修饰the first,next,last等序数词时，可以表示动作的“完成”或“已经发生”。例如：I have a meeting to attend(=that I will/must/have to attend）.（动宾关系）Ple

48、ase tell me the subject to be discussed(=which will be/will have to be discussed)at the next meeting.（主谓关系）She had only 1.87 dollars with which to buy Jim(=with which she could buy Jim),her husband a present.（补充说明的关系）Tom was the first to come(=who came)to the classroom this morning.（come的动作已经发生）462.

49、to do2.to do还是还是to be doneto be done用to do是省掉了for sb.；用to be done是省掉了by sb.。因为不定式动作的执行者非常明显，省掉后不影响理解或不会造成误解。另外，有时加上for sb.或by sb.反而显得句子累赘。例如：Do you have anything important to do today?今天你有什么重要的事情要做吗？Im going to the post office.Do you have any letter to be posted,Mary?/Do you have any letter for me t

50、o post,Mary?我去邮局，你有信要寄吗，玛丽？47特别提醒：特别提醒：“介词+whom（指人）/介词+which（指物）to do sth.”结构作定语。He is the best man from whom to get the news.He is the best man from whom we can get the news.他是能够得到消息的最佳人选。当不定式与被修饰的词之间具有动宾关系时，不及物动词的不定式往往需要加上适当的介词。如：She is a very nice person to work with.她是一个非常适合合作的人。如果被修饰的词是表示“时间、地点