高考英语主谓一致课件.pptx

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1、Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致谓语谓语谓语的狭义和广义之分谓语的类型（简单谓语和复合谓语）Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致谓语的狭义和广义之分谓语的狭义和广义之分S V S V O S V PS V o OS V O CSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致谓语的类型谓语的类型 简单谓语（由一个动词或成语动词组成）1.情V+V原形 复合谓语 2.复合宾语句型的被动式 3.SVP句型里的VP Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致双重谓语现象双重谓语现象双重谓语普通谓语并列句/从句Subject-verb Co

2、ncord主谓一致主谓一致一、谓语动词形容词一、谓语动词形容词He left this morning very gay.(He was very gay when he left this morning.)He sat there silent.(He sat there and he was silent.)She lay there motionless.She grew up quite fastidious about her clothing.She was motionless when she lay there.She was quite fastidious about

3、her clothing when she grew up.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致二、谓语动词名词二、谓语动词名词 (慎用慎用)She left a shy girl and returned a young mother.(She was a shy girl when she left and a young mother when she returned.)He lived a hero and died a martyr.He was a hero when he lived and a martyr when he died.Subject-ver

4、b Concord主谓一致主谓一致三、谓语动词分词三、谓语动词分词They lay there chatting.(They were chatting when they lay there.)He wandered wondering.He came home exhausted.He was wondering when he wandered.He was exhausted when he came home.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致四、谓语动词四、谓语动词whatwhat从句从句He returned home what he had always

5、been.（He was what he had always been when he returned home.）回家时，他还是老样子。Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致注意：如果要对注意：如果要对“第二谓语第二谓语”进行否定，进行否定，否定词仍然在否定词仍然在“第一谓语第一谓语”的位置上用的位置上用He came home exhausted.(此处came是第一谓语，exhausted是第二谓语)He never came home exhausted.(他回家时从不疲惫。)Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致Similar CasesSim

6、ilar CasesShe didnt arrive accompanied by her daughter她抵达时并没有她女儿陪同。He didnt pass noticed.他路过时没人注意。Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致 Three Guiding Principles:1、语法一致语法一致(Grammatical Concord)2、意义一致意义一致(Notional Concord)3、就近原则就近原则(Principle of Proximity)Back主谓一致主谓一致subject-verb Concordsubject-verb ConcordSub

7、ject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致语法一致主谓一致主要表现在“数”的形式上。Number means singular or plural.The basic rule of sentence agreement is simple:A subject must agree with its predicate verb in number.这种一致关系叫作这种一致关系叫作“语法一致语法一致”。Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致例如：A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a

8、language.Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致需要注意的几个问题：1、不定式、动名词不定式、动名词、以及、以及从句从句作主语时应看作单作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Reading often means learning.To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.What he said has been recorded.

9、Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致2、不定代词不定代词one,every,each,one of,no one,nothing，either,neither,many a 等作主语或是修等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Neither of my sisters likes sports.Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum acti

10、vities.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致3、表示、表示国家、机构、事件、作品国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的等名称的专有名专有名词词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore.The United States is leading the world in science and technology.The United Nations plays an important r

11、ole in the international affairs.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致4、a portion of,a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。例如：A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition.。The number of printing mistakes in some recent books oft

12、en surprises people even to death.A substantial portion of the reports is missing.这些报告都没有提及实质问题。A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致On the seashore,some people _ playing volleyball and some _ lying in the sun.Both of us _ fond of watching football games.A nu

13、mber of will-be graduates _ voluntarily going to work in the West of China.PracticeareareareareSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致5、有些短语，如：、有些短语，如：a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of谓语动词的数取决于谓语动词的数取决于_例如：A lot of money in the shop _ stolen ye

14、sterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.A lot of books about Investment Fund _ been published recently.所接名词为可数可数可数可数还是不可数不可数不可数不可数。washaveSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致意义一致意义一致(Notional Concord)这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而是复数

15、，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1 当主语后面接由as well as,as much as,accompanied by,including,in addition to,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词不受其影响。1)Petroleum along with fuel gas has recently risen

16、 in price.2)The students together with their teacher are going to have a picnic this weekend.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致Petroleum has recently risen in price,along with fuel gas.Along with fuel gas,petroleum has recently risen in price.The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together w

17、ith their teacher.Together with their teacher,the students are going to have a picnic this weekend.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致2 形容词前加定冠词即形容词前加定冠词即“the+形容词形容词”作主语时，作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作_；但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是_。单数单数复数复数Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致例如：The young,on the one

18、 hand,often _(think)of the old conservative.On the other hand,the old always _(consider)the young inexperience.The true always _(triumph).thinkconsidertriumphsSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致The accused was found guilty.Several of the accused were found guilty.The beloved is forever in his heart.The bel

19、oved are forever in his heart.The condemned was sentenced to death.The condemned were sentenced to death.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致3.用用and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时，用物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时，用_谓语动词，指不同的人或物或分开的东西用谓语动词，指不同的人或物或分开的东西用_谓语动词。谓语动词。值得注意的是，两种抽象的东西被人们看作是值得注意的是，两种抽象的东西被人们看作是不可

20、分的一个整体，谓语动词用单数。不可分的一个整体，谓语动词用单数。单数单数复数复数Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致例如：War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。Truth and honesty is the best policy.Wit and humor abounds in the book.Stress and tiredness often result

21、in a lack of concentration.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致就近原则就近原则(Principle of Proximity)这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：中的连词有：or,either or,neither nor ,not only but also 等。等。There-be句型句型BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致例如：Either I or they _ respons

22、ible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude _(have)caused me any distress.Not only he but also all his family _(be)keen on concerts Neither his family nor he _(know)anything about it.There _(be)a long spring board and three rafts at varying distance from th

23、e store.arehasareknowsisSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致Problems of concord with nouns ending in sProblems of concord with nouns ending in s以以-s-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或或-es，但是有一些以，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难。这些它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难。这些名

24、词的使用可遵循的原则有：名词的使用可遵循的原则有：BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1)Disease and game names ending in-s以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称2)Subject names ending in-ics以-ics结尾的学科名称3)Geographical names ending in-s以-s结尾的地理名称4)other nouns ending in s其他以-s结尾的名词Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致（一）以（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 A

25、rthritis（关节炎）（关节炎）,bronchitis（支气管炎）（支气管炎）,diabetes（糖尿病）（糖尿病）,mumps（腮腺炎）（腮腺炎）,phlebitis（静脉炎）（静脉炎）,rickets（软骨病）（软骨病）,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单单数数。例如：1.Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.2.The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.3.Measles usually occurs in children.4.Phlebitis

26、is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致以以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数单数。例如：1.Darts is basically a easy game.2.Marbles is not confined to children.但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。例如：1.Three darts are thrown at each turn.Bac

27、kSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致（二）以（二）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数单数。例如：The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s.In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海

28、峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数复数。例如：The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致（三）以（三）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics,sta

29、tistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,谓语动词通常用作单单数。例如：Physics is a fundamental subject in science.Mathematics is an interesting subject.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用例如：Athletics（体育运动）（体育运动）have been greatly encouraged at this college.The economi

30、cs（经济效益）of the project are still at issue.BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致（四）其它以（四）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题结尾的名词的主谓一致问题A.以以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses,pincers,scissors,shorts,trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：Marys glasses are new.Johns trousers are

31、 black.如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。例如：One pair of pincers isnt enough.Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致B.其他以其他以-s结尾的名词结尾的名词英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives，arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,goods,suburbs,thanks,wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：The archives of the co

32、untry are kept in the Department of Security.The contents of the book are most amusing.High wages often result in high prices.My thanks are sincere.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致Problems of concord with collective nouns as Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject subject 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题以集体

33、名词作主语的主谓一致问题集体名词在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致集体名词集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。词用复数。Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致例如：The family are all fond of football.The f

34、amily is the tiniest cell of the society.The population of the earth is increasing very fast.One third of the population here are workers.The company was set up last year.The company are mostly young men.The hotel is at the foot of a hill.All the hotel are gathered in the hall.Subject-verb Concord主谓

35、一致主谓一致（四）（四）a committee,etc of+复数名词的主谓一致复数名词的主谓一致问题问题如果主语是由a committee of/a panel of/a(the)board of+复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单单数数。例如：A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.A panel of experts has considered the situation.The board of managers is responsible for the firm.BackSubject-verb Concord主谓一致

36、主谓一致倒装结构中主谓语的一致倒装结构中主谓语的一致在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后部，这时要注意辨认主语，以保持主谓一致。After the exams is the time for rest.In the margins was written something in red ink.Subject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致练习主谓一致练习1.Fifty miles _ not a great distance.2.It _ Mr.Li and Mr.Wang who did it.3.Nobody but William and Jo

37、hn _ asked to go.4.Her children _ her sole care.5.More than one person here _ infected with the disease.6.Neither we nor he _ to blame.iswaswaswerehas beenisSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1.20 divided by 5 _ 4.(equal)2.That he is wrong _ now clear to everybody.3.Every means _ been tried but without res

38、ult.4.One-fourths of the students _ from the south.5.A middle-aged woman with a baby in her arms _ seen lingering at the gate.equalsishasarewasSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1.I,not you,_ responsible for all this.2.What we need badly here _ doctors.3.The book will contain what _ considered the best of

39、short stories of the time.4.None of us _ got a camera.5.None _ willing to miss such a fine lecture.amarearehas/haveis/areSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1.A variety of flowers _ on the show2.The chorus(合唱团)_ all here and ready to begin.3.Either of the example _ good enough.4.Each of them _ a room to himself.(have)areareishasSubject-verb Concord主谓一致主谓一致1.The book has been rewritten but the contents _ not been changed much.2.These two are for you.The rest _ to be sent to your sister.3.Even bread and butter _ a luxury in those days.4.Facing the gate _ a row of three rooms.havearewasis