中考英语语法专项复习课件动词---分类.pptx

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1、动词动词-分类分类中考专项复习 动词按功能分为四大类：实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。动词分类动词分类3412助动词助动词情态动词情态动词实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词及物动词不及物动词1实义动词实义动词及物动词不及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需接宾语其意义才完整。可构成“动词宾语”、“动词宾语宾语补足语”、“动词间接宾语直接宾语”三种结构。如：Hes reading a magazine.(他正在读一本杂志。)Mr.Zhang teaches us English.(张老师教我们英语。)We often hear him sing in the park.(我们经常听到他在公园里

2、唱歌。）1 1及物动词及物动词:实义动词在句中可以独立作谓语，按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)不及物动词本身意义完整，可单独在句中作谓语。如：My watch stopped.(我的表停了。)(2)不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，需借助介词或副词构成动词短语。注意在“动词副词”的结构中，若名词作宾语，名词可放在动词和副词之间，也可放在副词之后；若代词作宾语，代词必须放在动词和副词之间。如：Can I put the book away？Can I put away the book？(我可以把这本书收起来吗？)He will not give it up for money.(他不会为

3、了钱放弃它。)2 2不及物动词不及物动词:(一一)动词介词动词介词/副词副词1.表示不同范围表示不同范围动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形8式，常见的动词短语结构有：give短语短语give away(捐赠)give back还(给，归还)give in(屈服，让步)give off发出(光、热等)give out(散布，分发)give up(放弃)put短语短语put away(把收起来)put back(放回原处)put down(写下，记下)put off(推迟)put on穿上；上演；(体重)增加put out(熄灭；扑灭)put up(搭建；张贴)put into(把放入)1.表示不同范

4、围表示不同范围taketake短语短语take after(与相像)take away(带走，拿走)take back(拿回；退回)take down(拆除)take off(起飞；脱掉)take out(带出)take up(占据；开始做)take care of(照顾)take part in(参加)take pride in(以为傲)comecome短语短语come in(进来；到达)come out(出现；出版)come back(回来；回想起)come down(降落，落下)come from(出生于；来自)come on(赶快；加油)come over(来访)come up wit

5、h(想出；提出)1.表示不同范围表示不同范围look短语短语look at(看)look for(寻找)look around(环顾)look up to(尊敬)look out of(从向外看)look like(看起来像)look up(查阅)look through(浏览)look over(检查)look after(照顾)look out(注意，小心)look forward to(盼望，期盼)turn短语短语turn down(调低，关小)turn up(开大，调高)turn off(关掉)turn on(打开)turn in(上交)turn round/around(回答)tur

6、n over(翻开，翻转)turn out(结果证明是)turn.into.(把变成)2.不同动词同一介词不同动词同一介词/副词副词for短语短语ask for(请求)pay for(为付钱)care for(照顾，关怀)stand for(代表)leave for(动身去)wait for(等待)prepare for(为做准备)thanks for(因为而感谢)out短语短语get out(出去)take out(取出，拿出)break out(爆发)give out(分发)find out(发现)look out(小心)point out(指出)die out(灭绝；消失)check o

7、ut(检验，检查)carry out(执行，实行)put out(扑灭)run out(用尽)set out(出发)work out(解决)2.不同动词同一介词不同动词同一介词/副词副词up短语短语bring up(提出；抚养)call up(打电话)catch up(赶上)cheer up(使高兴)cut up(切碎)fix up(修理)give up(放弃)look up(查阅)pick up(捡起；用车接)take up(占据；开始做)set up(建立)stay up(熬夜)show up(出现，露面)use up(用光)wake up(醒来)warm up(热身)with短语短语ag

8、ree with(赞同)get along with(相处)connect with(把和联系起来)play with(玩；玩弄)talk with(与说话)communicate with(与交流)begin/start with(以开始)fill with(充满)deal with(处理；应付)catch up with(赶上)come up with(提出；想出)2.不同动词同一介词不同动词同一介词/副词副词about短语短语talk about(谈论)think about(考虑)worry about(担心)down短语短语take down(取下；拿下)write down(写下，

9、记下)lie down(躺下)sit down(坐下)cut down(砍倒；削减)slow down(减速)die down(逐渐变弱；消失)fall down(倒塌)pull down(拆毁)turn down(调低，关小)break down(停止运转)(二二)动词名词介词动词名词介词get rid of(摆脱)have an effect on(对有影响/效果)take pride in(为感到自豪)make friends with(与交友)make fun of(取笑)take part in(参加)take care of(照顾)take the place of(代替)(三三)

10、动词副词介词动词副词介词(宾语只能放在介词后宾语只能放在介词后)add up to(总计)catch up with(赶上)end up with(以告终)fill up with(用装满)look out of(从往外看)run out of(用完)look forward to(期待；盼望)keep away from(远离)hold on to(抓住；保留)keep up with(跟上；不落后)come up with想出(主意等)(四四)动词反身代词介词动词反身代词介词dress oneself in 穿(衣服)help oneself to 自取用/用(某物)玩转考点玩转考点1Wa

11、it politely，please.Dont _ on others.Acut in Bcut down Ccut out Dcut short2Every student is supposed to _ a sporting activity for a healthy life.Acome across Bput away Cturn down Dtake up3We should form the good habit of saving food now.I agree，so I always _ the food I order.Aeat up Bgive up Cturn up

12、AAD4We are supposed to _ smart phones and take more exercise instead.Atake up Bput away Clook into Dgive out5Larry has changed a lot since he had a baby.Yeah.Being a parent has _ all his love and sense of duty.Ataken up Bbrought out Cmade up Dgiven out6Hello!Id like to speak to the Customer Service

13、Department.Please _ and Ill put you through.Ahold on Bcarry on Ccome on Dgo onBAB7Im _ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.Akeeping clear of Bmaking a list ofCgetting on well with Dwinning the heart of8Chinas Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!What ex

14、citing news!Lets _ more information about it on the Internet.Afind out Bhear of Cshut off Dthink about9There is no need to _ every new word in the dictionary when you are reading.Alook up Blook at Clook after Dlook throughBAA10The Tokyo Olympics will be held from July 23 to Aug.8.Chinese athletes(运动

15、员)will _ 155 events.Atake part in Btake care ofCtake pride in Dpay attention toA2连系动词连系动词 系动词是指连接主语和表语的动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态。类别功能例词表示状态的系动词表示主语所处的状态be表示持续的系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官的系动词表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound，touch表示状态变化的系动词 表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，tu

16、rn玩转玩转考点考点1He _ like his brother.Alook Blooks Clooking2May I have some more chicken？It _ so delicious.Afeels Bsmells Ctastes Dsounds3This pair of trousers _ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.Afeels Bfeel Cis felt Dare felt4Your idea _ good.Lets give it a try and see if it will work.Asound

17、s Bsmells ClooksABCA5Dreams are powerful and they can drive you to work harder and _(become)better than before.6Does the dish taste as _(well)as it looks?Yes.I cant wait to eat it.7I like teachers who _(be)always friendly，helpful and fair to each student.8Well，let me see.I promise to _(keep)the secr

18、et.9你如果吃这么多巧克力是会发胖的。Youll _ if you eat so much chocolate.keepbecomegoodareget fat【答题方法答题方法】解答此类题目时，需要分析句子结构，弄清句子所缺成分，若后面为形容词作表语，则考虑填系动词；再根据语境考虑填表示状态、表示持续、表示感官还是表示状态变化的系动词。3情态动词情态动词 情态动词:表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气且本身有一定词义的动词就是情态动词，不能单独做谓语。含义及用法例句can 表示能力，意为“能；会”I can play ping-pong and chess.(我会打乒乓球和下象棋。)表示请求、允许

19、，意为“可以”Can I borrow your bike？(我可以借一下你的自行车吗？)cant 表示能力，意为“不会；不能”I cant give you an answer now.(我现在不能给你答案。)表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“一定不；不可能”，可能性几乎为零Miss Gao cant be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.(高老师不可能在教室，我刚刚在超市看见她了。)could can的过去式，意为“能；会”，表示过去的能力Jim could play the piano well when he was y

20、oung.(吉姆很小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。)在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could I have a cup of tea？(我可以要一杯茶吗？)表推测，意为“有可能，也许”(20%80%的可能性)，语气缓和，较委婉The French book could be Alices.She studies French.(这本法语书可能是艾丽斯的。她在学法语。)含义及用法例句couldnt不能，不会The little girl couldnt dress herself.(这个小女孩不会自己穿衣服。)must 表示主观看法，意为“必须；一定”I have an exam on Monday so I

21、 must prepare for it.(我周一有一场考试，所以我必须为它准备。)表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定；肯定”(100%的可能性)They must be very tired after a long walk.(走了这么长的路，他们一定很累了。)mustnt意为“一定不要；禁止”You mustnt play football on the road.(你不能在马路上踢足球。)may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”You may sit here if you want.(如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。)意为“有可能；也许”，用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推测Your young

22、er sister may be waiting for you now.(你的妹妹现在也许正在等你呢。)含义及用法例句may not表示否定推测，语气不确定，意为“可能不”It may not be her pen.(这可能不是她的钢笔。)might may的过去式He asked if he might go home.(他问他是否可以回家了。)表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might I smoke here？(我可以在这里吸烟吗？)表推测，意为“有可能；也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉It might be a boys room because the clothes

23、look like boys clothes.(这可能是一个男孩的房间，因为这些衣服看起来像男孩的衣服。)need 表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中You neednt say sorry to him.(你不需要对他说对不起。)neednt意为“不需要”Must I pay for the book in advance？(我必须预先支付这本书的钱吗？)No，you neednt.(不，你不需要。)含义及用法例句should/ought to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议We should/ought to keep the air fresh.(我们应该保持空气清新。

24、)should表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中I hurt myself when I played basketball yesterday.What should I do？(我昨天打篮球时受伤了。我应该做什么呢？)shouldnt 意为“不应该”We shouldnt waste water.(我们不应该浪费水。)shall表示请求或征求对方意见，多用于第一、三人称，构成疑问句Shall we go out for a walk？(我们出去散步好吗？)表示决心、警告、命令，多用于第二人称You shall not bring your mobile phones to the classro

25、om in the exam.(在这次考试中你们不许把手机带进教室。)will用于疑问句中，表示询问、请求，常用于第二人称Will you pass me the book？(你把那本书递给我好吗？)would表示自愿或主动提出做什么，表意志、愿望或决心等Jane said she would not go with Tom，for she didnt like him.(简说她不愿和汤姆一起去，因为她不喜欢他。)含义及用法例句had better意为“最好”You had better have break-fast，or you will not focus on your work.(你

26、最好吃早餐，否则你将不能专心工作。)have to意为“不得不”，多表示客观必要I have to go to work every day.(我每天不得不去上班。)由must或need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用neednt或dont have to。如：Must/Need I answer the question？(我必须/需要回答这个问题吗？)Yes，you must/have to./No，you neednt/dont have to.(是的，你必须回答。/不，你不必回答。)情态动词表推测情态动词表推测 1表示肯定推测时，must语气最强，最

27、肯定。can/could可能性比may/might要大，相当于possibly。might 的可能性比may小。如：Theres Toms name on the book.It must be his.(这本书上有汤姆的名字。这一定是他的。)Lightning can be very dangerous.(闪电可能会非常危险。)强调客观可能性 She may go to visit her friend at weekends，but she isnt sure.(她可能周末去拜访朋友，但她还不确定。)2表示否定推测时，may not 表示“可能不”，而cant则表示“不可能”，语气最肯定。

28、如：She may not be in the library.(她可能不在图书馆。)She cant be in the library.She has gone to the teachers office.(她不可能在图书馆。她去老师办公室了。)can：表示本能be able to:表示经过努力奋斗能做成的事can:只用于一般现在时和一般过去时 be able to:可用于多种时态时态含义can&be able toYou will be able to pass the exam after working hard.I am sure Cindy will be able to fi

29、nd the hotel.注must表示“主观上的必须”；have to 表示“客观上的不得不”。We must drink water every day.My bike was broken,so I had to walk to school yesterday.must&have to 01need实义动词后接名词、代词或不定式做宾语I need another 10 minutes.You need to water the flowers once a week.1What an amazing robot!It _ cook more than 5,000 dishes.Asha

30、ll Bneed Cmust Dcan2Excuse me，can I borrow this book?Sure，but you _ return it by the end of this term.Acan Bcant Cmust Dmustnt3Simon，Im afraid we cant complete the model spaceship this afternoon.Well，we _ finish it today.Its fine if we give it to Mr.Wang tomorrow.Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dshouldnt玩转玩转考

31、点考点CDC4We _ try our best to fight against pollution.Ashould Bmay Cmustnt Dneednt5Only ten tickets?What do you mean?There _ be twelve.Sorry，Linda.Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.Ashould Bwill Ccan Dmay6We _ see which way to go if the stars do not twinkle(闪耀)so.Acan not Bshould not Cmust not Dneed

32、 notAAA7_ you give me a hand？I cant move the box by myself.No problem.ACould BShould CMust DNeed8People _ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.Ashouldnt Bneednt Cmust Dcan9I wonder if this glass is Toms.It _ be his.His was broken just now.Amustnt Bmay not Ccant Dshouldnt10May I park my car

33、here?No，you _.Cant you see the sign？Amustnt Bwouldnt Cneednt DcouldntAACA4助动词助动词1.分类及其变化形式分类及其变化形式协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词，被协助的动词称作主要动词。分类常见的变形beam，is，are;was，were，been，beingdodoes，did，done，doingwillwouldshallshouldhavehas，had，having2.功能 (1)表示时态。如：She is washing clothes.(她正在洗衣服。)(2)表示语态。如：He was sent to Eng

34、land.(他被派往了英国。)(3)构成疑问句。如：Have you handed it into your teacher？(你把它上交给你的老师了吗？)Do you like college life？(你喜欢大学生活吗？)(4)与否定副词not连用，构成否定句。如：This doesnt only happen in China.(这不仅仅发生在中国。)(5)加强语气，表示强调。如：He did know that.(他的确知道那件事。)用适当的助动词完成下列句子。1Mr.Li isnt here now.He _ left for London.2Chinese _ becoming more and more important in the world.3_ your father study German?Yes，he _ been in Germany for five years.4Dont worry!I _ work harder to make further progress.5_ come to my birthday party!Sure!玩转玩转考点考点DidishasDowillhas