高三英语语法专题复习-形容词、副词 课件.pptx

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1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题形容词、副词空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一.形容词、副词基本用法二.形容词、副词比较等级三.形容词、副词构词法四.易混形容词、副词空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 1.形容词的句法功能功能例句定语前置定语后置定语作be,feel,sound,get,prove,stay等系动词的表语补语状语These are valuable suggestions.He is he happiest person alive.(alive,alike,alone等表语形容词作后置定语Do you have anything important to tell me?(形容词修饰

2、复合不定代词，作后置定语）That is the best book available.(以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可作前有形容词最高级或the only等修饰词的名词的后置定语）This is a book suitable for children.(形容词短语作后置定语）His suggestions are very valuable.Her voice sounds sweet.I consider his suggestion very valuable.（形容词作宾补）He returned home,safe and sound.(结果状语）He is standin

3、g there,full of fear.（伴随状语）空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 根据提示，完成下列句子（1）-Is tthere anything new in todays newspaper?-No._(没有新内容）（2）We have no_（可用的房间）for you.Nothing newrooms available空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 2.复合形容词的构成（1）副词词干+分词，如：hard-working（2）名词词干+现在分词，如：time-consuming 耗时的形容词，如：world-famous 过去分词，如：man-made（3）数词词干+名词，如：f

4、ive-star名词-ed，如：three-ledded名词+形容词，如：five-year-old空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（4）形容词词干+过去分词，如：ready-made 现成的现在分词，如：ordinary-looking 相貌一般的形容词，如：red-hot 炽热的名词-ed，如：kind-hearted空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 英译汉(3)bravely-fighting_ (4)well-known_(5)deep-set _ (6)fast-changing_(7)snow-covered_ (8)energy-saving_(9)grass-eating_ (10

5、)snow-white_(11)ten-year-old_ (12)four-storied_英勇战斗的闻名的深陷的飞速变化着的被雪覆盖的节省能源的食草的雪白的十岁的四层的空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 3.副词的句法功能功能例句状语修饰动词修饰形容词修饰副词修饰句子表语定语补语He studies hard.He is very smart.He does very well in English.Happily for him,his stepmother was kind to him.The light is still on.I have never been away from h

6、ome.Fill in the form below.Keep the coat on if you feel cold.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 3.副词及enough作状语的位置位置例句程度副词、频度副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前方式副词一般放在实义动词之后修饰整个句子作评论状语的副词，往往被置于句首enough 放在所修饰的形容词和副词的后面The children were so excited that they could hardly speak.I have never seen him before.He usually gets up very

7、 early.“shut up!”his father shouted angrily.Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.He isnt old enough to join the army.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 4.常见的连接性 副词副词意义例句meanwhile同时，期间Shes due to arrive at noon.Meanwhile,what do we do?thereforehusconsequently因此，所以His car is bigger and therefore more

8、comfortable.moreoverfurthermorebesidesadditionally此外，另外I have no time to see the movie.Besides,I have some guests now.however然而His first response was to say no.Later,however,he changed his mind.instead相反，却，而He didnt study law.Instead,he decided to become an actor.anywayanyhow尽管，即使如此It is a little bi

9、t tough,but you can try it anyhow.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 5.有些副词还可以作连词，但作副词时，常放在句末。如：though,(ever)since,in case等。(1)She promised to phone.I heard nothing,though.=Though she promised to phone.I heard nothing.(2)He came to this school in 1998.He has been working here ever since.=He has been working here since

10、 he came to this school in 1998.(3)I dont think it will rain,but I will take my umbrella,just in case.=I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 句型转换13.It was a hard job.He took it though.=_ it was a hard job,he took it.=It was a hard job._,he took it.=Hard_ the job was,he

11、took it.14.He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since.=We havent heard from him_he left home two weeks agoThough/AlthoughHoweverthough/assince空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 一.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则1.规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般加-er,-est以字母e结尾只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er,-est以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i,再加-er,

12、-est其他双音节词和多音节词，在形容词前加more或moststrongstrongerstrongestlatelaterlatesthottestthinnesthotterthinnerhotthinangryuglyearlyangrieruglierearlierangriestugliestearliestenthusiasticquicklymore enthusiasticmore quicklymost enthusiasticmost quickly空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题注意：（1）词尾为“元音字母+y”时，-y不变，直接加-er 或-est。如：grey-gre

13、yer-greyest（2）有少数几个双元音节词以及以-er 和-le 结尾的词，可以有两种比较级 和最高级形式。如：common-commoner/more common-commonest/most common clever-cleverer/more clever-cleverest/most cleverest simple-simpler/more simpler-simplest/most simplest（3）有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级 和最高级。如：right,wrong,excellent,favorite,final,last,poss

14、ible,first,east,empty,wooden,impossible.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题1.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestworstworsebad/badlyfaroldmuch/manylittlefarther(指距离：更远的/地);further(指距离：更远的/地,等同于farther；指程度：更深入的/地）farthest(指距离：最远的/地);furthest(指距离：最远的/地,等同于farther；指程度：最深入的/地）older(指年龄、新旧：较老的、较旧的；指血缘：年纪较长的，此时等同于elder);elder(指血

15、缘：年纪较长的)oldest(指年龄、新旧：最老的、最旧的；指血缘：年纪最长的，此时等同于eldest);eldest(指血缘：年纪最长的)mostmoreleastless空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 二.形容词、副词比较等级基本用法1.形容词、副词平级基本用法用法例词/句 as+原级+as.(和.一样.)He gets up as early as I.not as/so+原级+as.(不如)He doesnt get up as early as I.as+形容词原级+as+数量词=数量词+形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The bu

16、ilding is 100 meters tall.as+形容词原级+a/an+名词单数形式+asas+many+名词复数形式+asas+much+不可数名词+asJohn doesnt have as much money as Helen.貌似平级比较结构的短语as long as 只要，有.之久 as far as 远及.，就.而言as soon as 一.就.as well as 也 as good as(=very nearly)与.几乎一样；简直空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.形容词、副词的比较级基本用法用法例句比较级+than.(比.更.)He gets up earlier

17、than anyone else in his class.This book is less interesting than that one.less+多音节形容词、副词原级+than(不如)the+比较级+of.(两者中更.的)He is the taller of the 2 boys.He is no taller than his brother.no+比较级+than(两者同样不.)The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.the+比较级.，the+比较级.(越.，越.)比较级+and+比较级（越来越.）The

18、new city is becoming more and more beautiful.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题注意：（1）比较级修饰语常见的有：rather,much,still,even,far,any,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等 The students study even harder than before.（2）比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型是：比较级+than+any other+单数名词all the other+复数名词anyone elseany of the other+复数名词

19、the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia.any country in Africa.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用所给词的适当形式填空1.The more he talked,the_(angry)he become.2.This film is_(interest)than any other one that have ever seen.3.H

20、e was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink _(little)beer.angriermore interestingless空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题形容词、副词最高级基本用法用法例句 Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.Of all the subjects,I like art best.He has never spent a more worrying day.The bridge being built now is by far the longes

21、t across the Yellow River.修饰最高级的有：序数词，by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等否定词+比较级=最高级(the+)最高级+amongof all in+范围等 （同类）（不同类）空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题三.表示倍数的几个句型句型例句 倍数+as.as.倍数+比较级+than.倍数+the+名词+of倍数+what 从句倍数+that/those of.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Gr

22、eat Britain.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times bigger than Great Britain.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2017.The output of this year is 3 times that of 2017.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一.构成形容词的常见后缀构成例词名词+al/ualculture

23、-cultural globe-global agriculture-agricutural nature-natural physics-physical music-musical practice-practical nation-national technique-technical industry-industrial名词+icelectron-electronic base-basic atom-atomic energy-energic science-scientific名词+ishfool-foolish child-childish woman-womanish名词+f

24、ul care-careful power-powerful tear-tearful beauty-beautiful hope-hopeful wonder-wonderful harm-harmful use-useful空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题构成例词名词+lesscare-careless hope-hopeless use-uselesshome-homeless wire-wireless end-endlessvalue-valuelessrevolution-revolutionary element-elementary名词+ary名词+ysun-sunny fun-

25、funny cloud-cloudy shine-shinywind-windy rain-rainy luck-lucky salt-saltyhill-hilly health-healthy sleep-ssleepy mud-muddy wealth-wealthy noise-noisydanger-dangerous fame-famous envy-enviousnerve-nervous poison-poisonous humor-humorous mountain-mountainous名词+ous名词+enwood-wooden gold-golden wool-wool

26、eneast-eastern west-western名词+ern空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题构成例词 动词+ivecompare-comparative impress-impressive talk-talkative relate-relative act-activeexcite-extited learn-learned tire-tired surprise-surprised动词+ed动词+inginterest-interesting move-moving名词/动词+able/iblevalue-valuable reason-reasonable comfort-comf

27、ortablecount-countable enjoy-enjoyable horror-horribleterror-terrible名词/动词+sometrouble-troublesome tire-tiresome名词/动词+ant/entplease-pleasant difference-different insist-insistentdistance-distant convenience-convenient patience-patient空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题二.形容词+ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词例外一般情况加-lyactual-actually grad

28、ual-graduallycertain-certainly sudden-suddenlyfair-fairly official-officially辅音字母+y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasy-easily happy-happilybusy-busily steady-steadilyshy-shylydry-dryly去e加-yle 结尾terrible-terribly gentle-gentlycomfortable-comfortablywhole-wholly去e加-lytrue-truly元音字母+e结尾ll结尾只加-yfull-fully dull-dullybasic-

29、basically scientific-scientifically加-allyic结尾空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题温馨提示：注意以ly结尾的形容词friendly 有好的 lovely 可爱的lively 精力充沛的 lonely 孤独的deadly 致命的 monthly 每月的yearly 每年的 daily 每日的weekly 每周的空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用所给词的适当形式填空1.A career in law is becoming increasingly _(attract)to young people.2.The book provides _(value)inf

30、ormation on recent trends.3.Im _(true)sorry that things had to end like this.4.We are all_(entire)responsible for our actions.5.There have been some problems but_(basic)its a good system.attractivevaluabletrulyentirelybasically空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题1.表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系形容词（性短语）修饰例句(a)few;several;(a good)ma

31、ny;a(great/large/small)number of;dozen/scores/hundrens of名词复数Since Ive read quite a few English books,I know a good many words and phrases.a bit of;(a)little;less;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least;much不可数名词Everyone needs a little bit of encouragement.Make sure she gets plenty of fresh air

32、.There are plenty of restaurants nearby.Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.单数名词复数名词或不可数名词all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;masses of;a large quantity of;large quantities of many a空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题单句改错1.Many a glad day have come in my life._2.There is a plenty of evidence

33、 of poverty._3.You can take as much books as possible._havehas去掉 amuchmany空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题副词用法例句2.ago,beforeagobefore从现在算起一段时间以前，常与一般过去时连用I graduated from the college twenty years ago.She said that she had married him five years before.从过去算起一段时间以前，常与过去完成时连用不表示“一段时间以前”，只表示“从前，以前”He asked me whether I

34、had been to the Great Wall before.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 ago,before 填空4.I was asked what I was doing a month _.5.I called him up last night,but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days_.6.Have you seen this film_?agobeforebefore空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用法例句3.possible,probable,likely词义方面句型方面possible 指客观上的可能

35、性，但往往含有希望很小的意味probable 比possible 可能性大，表“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上合情合理likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事It is possible/probable/likely+that从句It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.Sb./sth.be likely to do sth.It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow.他明天可能来，但不一定来。The probable cause of his failure was tha

36、t he was too tired.他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。He is very likely to ring me tonight.今晚他可能给我来电话。空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 possible,probable,likely 填空7.Studies show that people are more _to suffer from back problem if they always sit before computer screen for long hour.8.It is very late.I will come back as soon as _.9.It

37、is _ that they will meet with some opposition.likelypossiblepossible/probable/likely空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题4.ever,once副词用法例句everonce曾经。一般用于疑问句、否定句、比较结构或带if 的句子中，常常和完成时连用曾经。用于肯定句中，与一般过去时或过去完成时连用I dont think Ive ever been here before.我觉得我以前从未到过这里If youre ever in Seattle,come and see me.如果你什么时候到了西雅图，就来看我吧。I on

38、ce ran 21 miles.Sonya and Ida had once been close friends.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 ever,once填空10.Have you _ been to Beijing?11.I_ lived in Beijing.everonce空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题5.late,later,latter,latest,lately词性词义例句latelaterlatterlatestlatelyLately,I have got to know that Tom and Jerry are good friends.The former

39、 is a doctor,while the latter is an official.They sometimes stay late together to share the latest news with each other.adj.&adv.迟，晚后来的，以后的后来，以后（两者中）后者的最新的，最近的最近，近来adj.adv.adj.adj.adv.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 late,later,latter,latest,lately 填空12.He is often _ for school _,and nobody knows the reason.13.A mo

40、nth _,he handed in the _ part of his essay.14.Sara has all the _ pop records.latestlatelylaterlatterlate空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题6.as well,also,too,either词义适用句型位置例句as wellalsotooeither也肯定句也不否定句放在句末放在句中，大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，或实义动词之前放在句末或句中放在句末If he winks at you,you may wink back as well.My girlfriend is also cal

41、led Helen.Its a more efficient system and its cheaper too.Mary wont go and Peter wont go either.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 as well,also,too,either 填空15.He speaks English and Spainish _.16.He _ speaks English.17.He speaks Spainish,_.18.I dont like the red shirt and I dont like the green one _.as wellalso too e

42、ither空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题7.nearly,almost,hardly区别例句almost可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing 搭配，但nearly 却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any,hardly anybody 来代替almost no,almost nobodyAlmost nobody came to the party.=Hardly anybody came to the party.You can find the meaning of almost any word here.否定词not 可放在 nearly 之前，

43、构成not nearly 结构，意为“一点儿也不，相差甚远”，但没有not almost 结构She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.That is a(n)almost/nearly perfect plan.almost 和 nearly 都可用于修饰具有极端之意的形容词，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用 nearly,almost,hardly 填空19._ none of us could solve the math problem,for it is too difficult.20.I must b

44、e getting fat-I can _ do my trousers up.21.There isnt _ enough time to learn all these words.Almost hardlynearly空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题8.so,such搭配例句soadv.suchadj.so+形容词/副词He spoke so fast that we couldt understand him.so+形容词+a/an+名词单数形式She is so diligent a student.so+many/few+名词复数There are so many books in

45、the library.so+much/little+不可数名词Dont make so much noise.such+形容词+名词复数形式或不可数名词Theyre such interesting books that we all like them.such+a/an+形容词+名词单数形式She is such a diligent student.空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题9.somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere词性词义例句somewhereanywhereeverywherenowhereadv.在某处，到某处My wallet must be around here somewhere.在（去）任何地方Are you going anywhere tonight?If you go anywhere,take me with you.在各个地方；到各个地方；处处Ive looked everywhere but I cant find the map.There was nowhere for me to sit.任何地方都不空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题