高三英语语法专题复习-名词 课件.pptx

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1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题名 词空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题一.名词的分类二.名词的“数”三.名词所有格四.名词的句法功能五.名词常用构词法空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 人名、地名及机构、团体的名称，如：Tom、China、CPC动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称，如：happiness、honesty、courage、music普通名词名词专有名词：个体名词：集体名词：物质名词：抽象名词：一类人或物的个体的名称，如：dog、chair、boat、nurse、piano一些人或物的总称，如：class、family、team原材料或一般无一定形状或大小的实物的名称，如：wood、pape

2、r、water sand空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（）规则变化（）不规则变化（一）可数名词.定义：可用数目计算的名词是可数名词。个体名词、集体名词大多为可数名词。.可数名词单数变复数的规则空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题规则例词一般情况下，在词尾直接加book-books cap-caps tree-trees以，结尾的名词，在词尾加 glass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes以辅音字母加结尾的名词，把改为，再加 story-stories country-countries以结尾的的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加，但是在中学英语中下列

3、名词要加，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿radio-radios photo-photos Negro-Negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题规则例词以或结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加，但下列以或结尾的名词需把或去掉，加，它们是为了自己的牛犊活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。self-selves calf-calves life-lives thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives loaf-loaves leaf-leaves

4、wolf-wolves half-haves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。son-in-law-sons-in-law storyteller-storytellers“”变复数时，作定语的和中心词都要变复数。man teacher-men teachers woman engineer-women engineers空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题规则例词单复数不同形的名词单复数同形的名词外来名词的复数形式foot-feet man-men woman-women mouse-mice tooth-teeth goose-gee

5、se gentleman-gentlemen child-children ox-oxen sheep deer Chinese Japanese Swiss means crossroads headquarters series species works工厂 head(禽兽群中的）头、只criterion-criteria bacterium-bacteriacurriculum-curricula/curriculums phenomenon-phenomena datum-dataanalysis-analyses basis-bases crisis-crises thesis-t

6、heses diagnosis-diagnoses medium-media 空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用所给词的正确形式填空 Two_(month)ago,three_(Negro),who were all_(hero),caught four_（thief）because they had stolen some_（potato）and some bamboos from 2_（zoo）,where 500_（sheep）,200_（deer）,100_（ox）and 1,000_（goose）were raised.monthsNegroesheroesthievespotatoe

7、szoossheepdeeroxengeese空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（二）不可数名词.定义：不可用数目计算的名词。物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词。.英语中常见的不可数名词有：furniture equipment clothing news information toothpaste bread knowledge poetry machinery advice weather progress work luck music wealth baggage空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（三）有些名词既可作不可数名词又可作可数名词，但意义有所变化词汇不可数名词可数名词paperch

8、icken hairironfish纸张鸡肉头发，毛发铁鱼肉文件，论文，试卷鸡强调几根头发熨斗鱼空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题.名词所有格的形式形式基本用法举例 名词末尾加介词of加名词of多用来表示有生命的人或动物的所有关系多用来表示无生命的东西的所有关系表示部分概念或表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩childs play很容易做的事 Uncle Toms Cabinthe top of a housethe title of the passagea friend of Stephens Thatdog of Mikes is always making trouble（比用Mikes dog更具

9、有厌恶情绪）空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题.名词加变为名词所有格的规则构成举例 单数名词和不以结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加（）以结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加（）复合名词中，在最后一个词的词尾加（）不定代词后加，在后加（）the boys schoolbag the childrens roomsthe workers struggle her brother-in-laws charactersomebody elses possession 空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题.名词所有格的一般含义关系举例 表示所属表示主谓表示动宾表示同位Toms car the door of the roomhi

10、s mothers request a car for the use of the questslove of ones country The play ends with Hamlets murderthe city of Beijing空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题The _(girl)shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before they got into _(Tom)car.用所给词的正确形式填空girlsToms空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题句法功能例句主语宾语表语补语定语 Mr.Smith

11、 was born in Canada.Johnson is reading a novel in his study.She is a lovely girl.Everyone elected him monitor.We will have a meeting on Friday evening.Mr.SmithnovelstudygirlmonitorFriday空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题（二）名词作定语.作定语的名词说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等时，用名词而非名词所有格形式空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题作定语的名词说明被修饰词的例词 材料功能时间地点内容类别di

12、amond necklace a bamboo pole paper money a meeting room the telephone poles the railway station water pipesFriday night the dinner party an evening suit afternoon teaBeijing University body temperature a table lamppiano lessons the sports meeting oxygen supply the grammar ruleschildren education ene

13、my soldiers a bus driverdiamondbamboo papermeetingtelephonerailwaywaterFriday dinnereveningafternoonBeijingbodytablepianosportsoxygengrammarchildrenenemybus空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题2.名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题名 词区别例词/句名词作定语通常说明被修饰词的性质，而名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰词的所属关系或表示逻辑上的主动关系名词作定语强调“类指”，而名词所有格则表示“特指”the party m

14、ember党员（名词party表示member的性质）the partys calls党的号召(Party具有动作发出者的作用，calls虽然是名词，却具有表示动作的含义）Please dont put the dogs food under the table.请不要把狗的食物放在桌子下面。（特指给某一条狗的食物）Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。（指类别，即供狗食用的食品）partypartys dogsDog空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题 He went to the cinema yesterdays evening.She li

15、kes shopping at shoes shop.单句改错yesterdays-yesterdayshoes-shoe空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题后缀意义例词-ment-ness-ist-ian-an表示“行为、结果”表示“状态、性质或特点”表示“干的人；专家；从事的人；信用的人”表示“有特征的;专长于的人”develop-developmentachieve-achievementequip-equipmentmanage-managementagree-agreementaware-awarenesscalm-calmnesslazy-lazinessart-artistscienc

16、e-scientistpiano-pianisthistory-historianmusic-musician空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题后缀意义例词/句-er-or-ant-ity-y-ance-ence-ancy-ency-age表示“的人”表示“性质、状态”表示“性质、状态或行为”表示“行为、状态、结果或一组”begin-beginneremploy-employerdirect-directorassist-assistantserve-servantable-abilityhonest-honestyaccept-acceptanceexist-existenceexpect-ex

17、pectancytend-tendencymarry-marriagepack-packageshort-shortage空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题后缀意义例词/句-ship-dom-ion-ation-ition-tion-ure表示“状况、状态、职位、地位”表示“行为、状态”表示“行为或结果”friend-friendshipwise-wisdommember-membershipattract-attractionpollute-pollutionintroduce-introductioneducate-educationinvite-invitationexpose-exposu

18、refail-failure空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题用所给词的适当形式填空The_（express)in her eyes told me something was wrong.Due to the_（apply)of the mdical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.She was unable to attend because of the_(press)of work._(curious)is part of childrens nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.-How can I take the medicine,sir?-Just follow the_（direct）on the table.expressionapplicationpressureCuriositydirections空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题