unit 5-6 知识点牛津译林版 七年级上册英语.docx

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1、知识点一（知识点一（Unit5Unit5 知识点知识点）一、核心词汇1.不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法（1）指人或事物属于某一种类。Im a student.(是学生而不是其他)（2）表类别，以个体代替整体。An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.大象比老虎大多了。（3）表示“一”的概念，但意味没有 one 那样强烈。She has an apple every morning.她每天早晨吃一个苹果。（4）表示单位，作“每一”讲。three times a day,10 yuan a kilo（5）指某人或某事物，但不具体说明是何人、何物。He live

2、s in a village far from here.他住在一个遥远的小山村。2.序数词的用法（1）序数词表示事物的顺序，它一般跟定冠词 the 一起出现在单数可数名词之前。the first lesson 第一课（2）若序数词所修饰的名词被省略时，序数词可以作代词单独使用。The first girl is shorter than the second.第一个女孩比第二个矮。（3）序数词后面可跟一个基数词，再跟一个复数名词。the first three months 头三个月（4）序数词前可以加不定冠词 a/an,表示“又一个”的意思，相当于 another。He is a fift

3、h student to speak.他是第五个发言的学生。3.on holiday 意为“度假”，on 是介词，意为“从事，在中”。I am on holiday in New York.我在中国度假。4.play a trick on“捉弄某人，跟某人开玩笑”。He likes playing tricks on others.他喜欢跟别人开玩笑。5.Lets buy some Halloween chocolates.让我们买些万圣节巧克力吧。lets=let us 后接动词原形，表示“让我们干某事”。Lets go to the playground.让我们到操场上去吧。Let me

4、see.让我想一想。Let Tom go to the playground.让汤姆去操场上吧。6.start（1）“开始，着手”Our club meeting starts at four oclock ands finishes at five.我们俱乐部会议 4 点开始5 点结束。（2）begin“开始”（3）辨析：A.begin 开始某一行动或进程，与 end 相对。B.start 动作性较强，带有突然开始的意思，与 stop 相对。Shall we begin/start dinner?我们可以吃饭了吗？New term begins on September 1.新学期 9 月

5、1 日开学。The birthday party will begin at 6:30.生日晚会 6：30 开始。Lets start to clean the room.我们开始打扫房间吧。C.start 还表示“（机器）的开动”：I cant start that car.我不能发动那辆车。二、核心句型1.Ill dress up as Monkey King.我将装扮成猴王。（1）Ill=I will 或 I shall，意为“我将”，后接动词原形。（2）dress up 意为“装扮”，dress up as意为“装扮成”。My friends and I always dress up

6、 at Halloween.在万圣节，我和我的朋友总是装扮装扮。(P36)（3）wear 意为“穿着，戴着穿着，戴着”，强调，强调“穿、戴穿、戴”的状态的状态。Look!She is wearing a new dress today.她今天穿着一件新连衣裙。What size shoes do you wear?你穿多大号码的鞋？My teacher wears glasses all the year.我的老师一年到头戴着眼镜。Young people like wearing jeans.年轻人喜欢穿牛仔裤。wearwear 还可以表示佩带饰物还可以表示佩带饰物。She wore a n

7、ecklace at the party.她在聚会上戴了一条项链。（4）put on，in“穿，戴”，put on“穿上，戴上”，强调“穿、戴”的动作iIn“穿着，戴着”，强调“穿、戴”的状态，后面接服饰或颜色一类的词。He put on his coat and went out.他穿上外套出去了。Its cold outside.Youd better put on more clothes.外面很冷，你最好多穿的衣服。The young man in a black shirt is from London.穿黑色衬衫的小伙子来自伦敦。You look so beautiful in g

8、reen.你穿绿色真漂亮。（5）with 介词，“带有、具有”，其反义词为 without，“没有”。I like the postcard with a big apple on it.我喜欢上面有大苹果的那张明信片。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。2.We play a game called trick or treat.我们玩一个叫“不招待就使坏”的游戏。called trick or treat.过去分词短语作 game 的定语。The boy called Pingping is from China.那个叫平

9、平的男孩来自中国。I have a dog called Eddie.我有一只叫埃迪的狗。3.I f“如果”，引导条件状语从句。注意：当主句是将来时，从句通常用一般现在时。当主句是祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时当主句是情态动词时，从句通常用一般现在时If we can go for a visit,thatll be interesting.如果我们能去参观一下，那真是太有趣了。Lets go to the zoo if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天好天，我们将去动物园。If he works hard,he can soon catch up.如果他努力学习，他很快就会赶

10、上来。4.Ill take him for a long walk.我将带他去散步。take sb.for a walk“带某人去散步”，walk 为名词，类似：go for a walk（去散步），take a walk，have a walkgo out for a walk 出去散步Miss Green often takes her mother for a walk after supper.格林小姐常常带她妈妈在晚饭后散步。知识点二（知识点二（Unit6 知识点知识点）【知识梳理】【知识梳理】一、核心词汇1.keep系动词keep+形容词.keep+宾语+形容词keep fit=k

11、eep healthy 保持健康2.need（1）行为动词a.need sth.I think we need some Coke.b.need to do sth.需要做某事c.need sth to do sth.I need vitamins(维生素)to stay/keep healthy.（2）情态动词need do sth.否定句：neednt do sth3.less than少于反义短语：more than：多于=over4.whole形容词，“全部的，整个的，完整的”，在名词前做定语。Two halves make a whole apple.Tell me the whol

12、e story,from beginning to end.词条修饰词用法whole修饰单数可数名词构成“限定词+whole+单数名词”结构all修饰可数/不可数名词构成“all+限定词+单数/复数名词”结构5.too many+可数名词复数“太多”too much+不可数名词“太多”much too（1）+形容词(adj.)（2）副词(adv.)“太”修饰动词6.planplanto do sth=be going to do sth 计划做某事plan to eat more fruit and vegetables.计划多吃水果和蔬菜7.名词作定语：一般用单数manwoman根据后面的名

13、词而定（后）单则单；（后）复则复。sport一般用复数women teachers女老师们men doctors男医生们boy/girl students 男/女学生们apple trees苹果树8.four kilos of meat 四千克肉9.do sports=play sports 做运动10.take a walk=have a walk=go for a walk去散步11.healthyadj.（1）have a healthy lifestyle有一个健康的生活方式（2）healthn.物主代词 名词所有格+healthhealthyadj.bekeep+healthyhea

14、lthy+n.（3）n.+y-adj.funfunnysunsunnyluckluckyadj.+ly-adv.happy-happilyhealthy-healthily(特别 good-well)二、核心句型1.I always have milk and bread for breakfast.早餐我总是喝牛奶吃面包。eat/havefor breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 吃作为早餐/午餐/晚餐/正餐2.Sometimes I feel hungry between meals.有时两餐之间我觉得饿了。between 介词“在之间”betweenand在和之间

15、3.feel 系动词系动词：look(看起来)seem(看起来)sound(听起来)taste(尝起来，觉得)feel（觉得，摸起来）keep（保持）stay（保持）become（变得）get（变得）4.Eating fruit and vegetables is good for our health.吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有益动词短语做主语要+ing,谓语动词用单数；如果是两个以上则用复数。Swimming and jogging are good for our health.游泳和慢跑对我们的健康有好处。5.（1）名词+be+形容词+to do sth.（2）It+be+形容词+to

16、 do sth.即：A.sth is important(adj)for sb某物对某人来说重要(怎么样)B.It is important(adj)to do sth.做某事重要(怎么样)C.It is important(adj)for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说重要(怎么样)。Healthy food is important for me.健康的食物对我来说是重要的。It is easy to learn English well.学好英语是容易的。It is difficult for me to play football.踢足球对我来说是困难的。6.all rig

17、ht行了，好吧Thats right.那是对的。Thats all right.没关系。不用谢。7.回答 Thank you.用：Youre welcome.Thats all right.Thats OK.Not at all.8.回答 Sorry.用 Thats all right.Thats OK.It doesnt matter.Never mind.7.I often play football to keep fit.我经常踢足球来保持健康。=To keep fit,I often play football.（不定式作目的状语）E.g.I get up early to catc

18、h the bus.=To catch the bus,I get up early.give me energy for the whole afternoon为整个下午提供能量to do sth for sth 表示目的。8.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我。1)keep+adj.保持Please keep quiet in the reading room.在阅览室请保持安静。2)keep sth+adj.（让）使某物或某人保持You should keep your room clean.你应该让你的房间保持干净。3)ke

19、ep doing sth 一直做He kept thinking about the football match in the afternoon.他一直在考虑下午的足球比赛。4)keep sb doing sth.使（让）某人一直做Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.对不起，让你久等了。5)keep away from 使远离You must keep the children away from fire.你必须让孩子远离火源。知识点三（知识点三（特殊疑问句特殊疑问句）【知识梳理】【知识梳理】特殊疑问句特殊疑问句I.构成：疑问词构成：

20、疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句？II.疑问词：疑问词：whatwhowhosewhichwhenwherewhyhowhow longhow farhow oftenhow soonhow manyhow muchhow oldIII.解题步骤：解题步骤：例如：对划线部分提问例如：对划线部分提问1.They are looking for a bag.(对划线部分提问）What are they looking for?2.There are twelve students.(对划线部分提问）How many students are there?IV.疑问词的选择：疑问词的选择：1.对指物名词

21、或谓语动词提出疑问对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词疑问词用用what；关关于于what的其他疑问词的其他疑问词：what colorThat is my new T-shirt.What is that?I am writing a piece of article.What are you doing?The shirt is light yellow.What color is the shirt?2.对修饰名词的定语提出疑问，疑问词应用对修饰名词的定语提出疑问，疑问词应用 which，而且通常和名词连用。，而且通常和名词连用。The book on the second shelf

22、is mine.Which book is yours?The girl in pink is my classmate.Which girl is your classmate?The movie with many movie stars is my favourite one.Whichmovieisyourfavourite one?3.对指人名词或代词提问用对指人名词或代词提问用 who，作宾语时提问用，作宾语时提问用 whom。That boy is my younger brother.Who is that boy?I gave that book to the boy nex

23、t to me.Whom/Who did you give that book to?4.对对代词和名词所有格提问用代词和名词所有格提问用 whose。That computer is his friend Mikes.Whose computer is that?I have lost my toy in Mr.Greens home.Whose toy have you lost in Mr.Greenshome?5.具体时间提出疑问，如具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday 等，疑问词用等，疑问词用 when；I finished my homewor

24、k this afternoon.When did you finish your homework?对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用 what time。I usually get up at 7:30 am.What time do you usually get up?6.对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用 where。I come from Canada.Where do you come from?Alex lived in his hometown during the winter vacation.Where did Alex

25、live during thewinter vacation?7.对表原因的从句提问，常见的有对表原因的从句提问，常见的有 because 引导的从句，疑问词应用引导的从句，疑问词应用 why。I am late for school because my bike broke down on the way.Why are you late forschool?There wont be a sports meeting because it is going to rain.Why wont there be asports meeting?I will get up early to c

26、atch the early bus tomorrow.Why will you get up earlytomorrow?8.对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词 How。I like China very much.How do you like China?We can write something with ink.How can you write something?My father goes to work on foot every morning.How does your father go to work everymorning?The

27、boy made the cake by reading the cooking book carefully.How did the boy makethe cake?9.对数量提出疑问，疑问词为对数量提出疑问，疑问词为 How many 或或 how much，要注意，要注意 how many 必须跟名词必须跟名词的复数形式。的复数形式。There are over thirty birds in the tree.How many birds are there in the tree?I need some milk before I go to bed.How much milk d

28、o you need before you go tobed?10.对价格提出疑问，疑问词用对价格提出疑问，疑问词用 How much。That pen is fifteen yuan.How much is that pen?Ipad mini cost me nearly three thousand.How much did Ipad mini cost you?11.对时间、长度提出疑问，疑问词应用对时间、长度提出疑问，疑问词应用 How long。The ruler is 20 cm long.How long is that ruler?It takes me two hours

29、to get to school.How long does it take you to get to school?I have stayed in Shanghai for over 3 years.How long have you stayed in Shanghai?I have known him since I started working.How long have you known him?12.对时间频率，如对时间频率，如 once a year,twice a week 等提问，疑问词用等提问，疑问词用 How often。I go to school five t

30、imes a week.How often do you go to school?Students have vacations twice a year.How often do students have vacations?The Smiths go travelling every other year.How often do the Smiths go travelling?对具体次数，如 once,twice,three times 等提问，疑问词用 How many times。I go to school five times a week.How many times d

31、o you go to school?Students have vacations twice a year.How many times do students have vacations?13.How soonin+一段时间一段时间Grandma will finish the sweater in three days.14.How many timesonce,twice,three timesI usually go to visit my grandpa three times a month.13.对距离提出疑问，疑问词用对距离提出疑问，疑问词用 How far。(注意：对注

32、意：对 ten minutes walk/ride 等提问也等提问也用用How far)a)Its about two kilometres from here to the country._ _ _ _ from here to the country?b)Its about ten minuteswalk from my home to school._ _ _ it from your home to school?15.How farten minuteswalk/ride/drive;*miles/kilometersIts about ten minuteswalk from m

33、y home to school.知识点四知识点四可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词【知识梳理【知识梳理 1】可数名词可数名词(1)定义：凡是可以用数目来表示的个体名词和集体名词都叫可数名词。(2)可数名词前可以用a，an限定。(3)可数名词前可以用one，two，three等限定。(4)可数名词的单复数名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加-s或-es构成的。规则变化1）大多数名词的复数形式是在单数词尾加-s。mapmapsteacherteachers2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es。busbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes3）以辅音字

34、母+-y结尾的名词去y加-ies。citycitiescountrycountries4）以f，fe结尾的名词去f或fe加-ves。leafleavesknifeknives5）以o结尾的名词，多数加-es，少数加-s。tomatotomatoespotatopotatoesradioradios不规则变化：1）变元音字母。womanwomenmanmenfootfeettoothteeth2）变词尾childchildrenoxoxen3）单复数同形ChineseJapanesedeersheep4）只有复数形式的名词clothesglassestrousers不可数名词不可数名词(1)定义

35、：无法用数目来计算的物质名词和抽象名词称为不可数名词。(2)不可数名词一般不分单数和复数，也不能直接与a，an连用。若要表示数量，需要加适当的单位名词或单位名词词组。如用of 词组表示，其数的变换表现在单位名词上。a glass of milktwo glasses of milk(3)常见的不可数名词有：milk,juice,bread,rice,fruit,food,news,information,music,paper等。如何区分可数名词与不可数名词如何区分可数名词与不可数名词1）不可数名词不能再前面直接加a（n），也没有复数形式。如：milk,water,coke,news等。Is

36、there any milk in the bottle?这个瓶子里有牛奶吗?Its important for us to drink water every day.每天喝水对我们来说是很重要的。2）如何表达不可数名词的“量”?当我们要表达不可数名词的量时，应当用“单位量词+of”来修饰。a bowl of rice一碗饭，two cups of tea两杯茶，three packets of salt 三袋盐We need two tins of coke and four pieces of bread.我们需要两罐可乐和四片面包。Look!He is buying a kilo of

37、 meat.看他正在买一千克肉。3）可数名词有单、复数形式:an egg/two eggs一个鸡蛋/两个鸡蛋a student/three students 一名学生/三名学生a story/four stories 一个故事/四个故事He has an egg and three bananas for breakfast every morning.他每天早上的早餐是一个鸡蛋和三根香蕉。Why do you often buy so many apples for them?为什么你总是买这么多苹果给他们?4）哪些词可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词?修饰可数名词的有:some,many,few,a few,a lot of/lots of 等。修饰不可数名词的有:some,much,little,a little,a lot of/lots of 等。5）既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的词有的普通名词具有双重性，既能作可数名词，又能作不可数名词。但它们在意义上常有很大的不同。可数名词不可数名词a glass 一个玻璃杯glass 玻璃a paper 一张纸paper 纸a dress 一条裙子dress（统指）女装a fish 一条鱼fish 鱼肉