中考英语复习第二轮名词专题讲解.docx

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1、名词教学内容名词的数，名词的所有格，名词的句法功能教学重点掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能教学难点名词的可数和不可数变化规则。中考考查重点：l 名词词义辨析；l 名词的数； l 名词所有格。热热身（按照词性归类）City,beautiful,beautify,hit ,panda，breathe, press,pretty, hair,smart,hospital,carefully,courage，determination,luckily.名词（n）：动词(v)：形容词(adj)：副词（adv）：1.什么是名词？(表示人，事物，

2、抽象概念的词语)2.名词的分类a._(_）London，Tom，the Great Wall，ChinaBeijing UniversityMonday，National daySpider Man b_Teacher,student,book,pen 个体team,group,class 集体C_Water，glass,snow 物质Beauty , love, friendship 抽象补充：表示液体，自然现象，食品类为不可数名词。举例：water,juice,milk,coffee._Snow,rain,ice_Rice,jam,honey,meat,bread_注意：一些名词在不同句子

3、会属于不同种类Eg: glass beautyglass:_（物质名词）_（个体名词）beauty:_(抽象概念);_（个体名词）总结：分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气

4、，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 蜘蛛侠表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织Beijing University北京大学表示月份、星期、节日Monday星期一，National day国庆节 重点：_3.名词的考点l 考点一. 名词的句法功能序号功能例句1作主语Newspapers are useful. 2作宾语Have you received

5、 my letter? 3作表语Time is money. 4作补足语Weconsiderhimagoodteacher._HewasappointedambassadortoGreatBritain.5作同位语Heafamouswriter,iseasytogetalongwith.6作状语Well meet next Sunday. 7作定语I am an English teacher. 练一练Marywasmadehead ofthedelegation.Hestay herefor fivedays.HenamedhissonMike.Thebookisveryinterestin

6、g.Helostthegame.Theworldisfacedwithpopulationexplosionandenergycrisis.考点二：名词的数（名词复数变化，不可数名词复数的表达）l 可数名词复数规则变化（1）_(大部分）Books, pens,pencils,computers,fans,walls（2）_(小子吃寿司)Buses,boxes,watches,dishes（3）_Baby-babies ,family-families（4）_Boys,toys（5）_Knife-knives,leaf-leaves,wife-wives口诀：树 叶 半 数 自 己 黄， lea

7、f half self 妻 子 刀 切 面 包 忙， wife knife loaf 架 后 窜 出 一 只 狼， shelf wolf 就 像 小 偷 逃 命 狂。 thief life（6）以o结尾的“黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆”加_, 其他直接加_.Negro-_ hero-_ tomato_ potato_Zoo-_ piano-_l 可数名词复数不规则变化（1） _(元音字母变化）Man-men Woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet（2） 加en,ren.Ox-oxen child-children（3） _Sheep-sheep fish-fish deer

8、-deer （4） 某国人变复数口诀：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenGerman-Germans AustralianAustralians（5）特殊形式。Mouse-mice 注意：名词修饰名词，如果前面是man或者woman，变复数时，前后两名词都要变。举例：man teacher-men teachers练一练toeChinesechildgooseleaftomatomanradioEnglishmanmouseWoman teacher

9、zooboxfoot补充说明：.集合名词（若干个个体成的集合体）如audience观众，class班级，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，表示整体概念时作单数,表示整体中的个体概念时作复数。）The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。注意：有些集体名词通常只作_如people（人们），police等，如果表达单数意义要

10、使用其他名词。一个人：_ 一名警察：_l 不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律(1) 借助量词表示。(数词/冠词+量词+of +不可数名词）一_树 一_狗举例: a cup of tea, a glass of water，two cups of tea._常见量词：cup, glass,piece,bar,bag(2) 用 much, a little, a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some，any等表多少。举例：The rich man has a lot of money.There is some juice in the bottle.l 有些名词既可以做可数名词

11、也可以做不可数名词。Fish-fishes(鱼的种类）Paper-papers(论文）Time-times(次数）Chicken-chickens(小鸡）Experience-experiences(经历）补充：1.有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。news，physics，politics，the United Nations，the United States2. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如：different fishesfive fish3. work意为工厂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为著作，作品时，复数形式

12、是works。如：a chemical work three chemical work a works by Mo Yan three works by Mo Yan 练一练：Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads翻一翻：一片面包_一杯咖啡_一张纸_一块巧克力_考点三：名词所有格(有无生命）名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系（1）构成类别构成方法举例单数名词在词尾直接加sJims room 吉姆的房间词尾已

13、有-s的复数名词在词尾只加Students rooms 学生们的房间词尾不带-s的复数名词在词尾直接加sChildrens Day 儿童节表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系在最后一个词的词尾加sJane and Marys room 简和玛丽的房间（指两个人共用一个房间）表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系在每个词的词尾加sJanes and Marys rooms 简和玛丽各自的房间（指分别所有）表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等在词尾加s，省略其后名词at my uncles 在我叔叔家（2）of 所有格_如a map of China，at the end of this term。练一练：这首歌的

14、名字_世界地图_这个女孩的父母_学生们的笔注意：但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-s或。 举例：five minutes walk（3）双重所有格构成: of + 名词所有格/名物代举例：He is a friend of my brothers.名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirsof所有格与双重所有格的区别 a friend of my uncle (该人与我叔叔是朋友关系)a friend of my uncles (该人是我叔叔朋友中的一个, 完全等同于one of my uncles friend

15、s)练一练a photo of my sisters 我妹妹的一张照片this book of my classmates 我同学的这本书口诀：名词所有格的用法口诀名词所有格，表物是谁的，若为生命词，加s即可行，词尾有-s，仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。综合练一练Miss Black is a friend of _, she always looks after my sister.A. Marys mothersB. Marys motherC. Mary mothers1. Finding informati

16、on is not a big deal today. Well, the _ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courageB. messageC. challengeD. knowledge2. What can I do for you, Madam?Id like two _. A. glass of milksB. glasses of milkC. glass of milkD. glasses of milks3. There is no enough _ in the corner

17、to put the table.A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground4. _ dog likes running. They often take it to the zoo.A. Tom and SamB. Toms and SamC. Tom and SamsD. Toms and Sams5. What do we need to buy?_.A. Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of saltsB. Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of saltC. Two kiloes

18、 of potatos and two packets of saltD. Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salt6. Lucy and Lily _ in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 7. Which is the _ to the bus stop, please?A. road B. way C. street D. address 8. Hurry up! There is _ time left.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few9. How

19、 many _ can you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato10. How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?Its about two _ ride by high-speed train.A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours家庭作业1. Im from _.A. Chinese B. German C. Germany D. English2.I want to be a _.A. engineer B. Art tea

20、cher C. scientist D. actor3. The boy always brushes his _ every day.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths4. He will have to watch his _ because of his serious stomach problem.A. style B. diet C. smell D. menu5. The girl has a beautiful _. She sings very beautiful songs.A. sound B. noise C. voice D.

21、mouth6. It sounds like a good idea. But who is going to give the speech?I think Emily is the best _.A. plan B. goal C. chance D. choice7. Jack has lots of _. He can learn much from them and use them to mail letters.A. newspapers B. coins C. novels D. stamps8. At present, WeChat is very popular among

22、 young people.I agree with you. We like to share our _ on it.A. spirit B. ideas C. fund D. cases9. The river is becoming dirtier because the steel factory has put waste into it.Yes. We must take action to improve the _.A. condition B. pollution C. position D. situation10. What does your father do, L

23、ily?He is _. His job is to make sure that drivers obey the traffic rules.A. an actor B. a policeman C. a waiter D. a reporter11. She has lost all _ of direction in her life. She is now so puzzled(困惑的).A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense12. Do you know our old classmate Zhang Cheng has gone abr

24、oad to try his luck?In my _, his decision is not wise.A. word B. view C. idea D. sense13. Many _ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city(文明城市).A. man B. womanC. volunteerD. volunteers14. Are you thirsty?Yes, please give us _.A. three bottle water B. three bottle of waterC. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters15 More and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.Thats true. Its an important part of Chinese _.A. culture B. invention C. custom D. influence学科网（北京）股份有限公司