Module1Grammar(1)课件 外研版高中英语选修八.pptx

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1、Toreviewallkindsofwordsandstructuresusedasthesubjects.Tolearnhowthewords,structuresandformsareusedassubjects.原句感知原句感知AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.TheycallitAntiArktikosorAntarctica.98%ofthesurfaceispermanentlycoveredintheicecap.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Swimmingisagoodexercise.Wheth

2、erhewillcomeisdoubtful.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Swimmingisagoodexercise.Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.由由句可知，句可知，不定式、动名词、从句都可以用不定式、动名词、从句都可以用作主语。作主语。句中的标红部分在句中均作句中的标红部分在句中均作主语主语。1.98%ofthesurfaceispermanentlycoveredintheicecap.2.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole,itist

3、hefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.3.Ahighmountainrange,theTransAntarcticrange,runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo.4.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitableplace.5.Antarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions.1.Underline the subject in these sentences.6.Onlytwotypesofflowe

4、ringplantsarefound.7.Therearedifferenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.8.ProtectingAntarcticafromnucleartestsandradioactivewasteisveryimportanttothiscontinent.9.Whatthetreatyaimstodoistopreventthecommercialandmilitaryuseofthecontinent.2.Work in pairs and answer the questions.1.Howmanyword

5、sdidyouunderlineineachsentence?Itvariesfromsentencetosentence.2.Canasubjectbeawordoraphrase?Yes,asubjectcanbeawordoraphrase.3.Canasubjectcontainaclause?4.Whatdothestructureswhichcanbeusedasasubjecthaveincommon?Yes,asubjectcancontainaclause.Theyareallformsthatactinthesamewayasanoun.3.Look at the tabl

6、e.Check the structures that can be used as subjects.nounsnumbersprepositionsingformsnounphrasesarticlesverbsadverbsinfinitivesnounclausespronouns4.Work in pairs.Match the structures in the table with the subjects that you underlined in Activity 1.Example:Antarctica=nounsnounphrases:ahighmountainrang

7、e/twotypesoffloweringplants/differenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,sealsandwhalesinfinitives:pronouns:numbers:ingforms:nounclauses:toimagineamoreinhospitableplaceitno examplesprotectingAntarcticafromnucleartestsandradioactivewasteWhatthetreatyaimstodo5.Check the true statements.1)Thesubjectofasentence

8、identifieswhoorwhatthesentenceisabout.2)Structureswhichcanbeusedassubjectsareallformsthatactinthesamewayasanoun.3)Theverbgivesinformationaboutthesubjectinasentence.4)Thesubjectagreesinpersonandnumberwiththeverbinasentence.主语是一个句子的主题，一般位于句首主语是一个句子的主题，一般位于句首。可用作主。可用作主语的有语的有名词名词、代词代词、数词数词、不定式不定式、动词动词in

9、g形式形式、从句从句。1.名词用作主语名词用作主语。如：。如：Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleftinthewronghands.2.代词用作主语代词用作主语。当。当不定代词不定代词用作主语时，用作主语时，谓语动词谓语动词常常用用单数单数形式。如：形式。如：Youmustbecarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butnobodyknowsthedateforsure.3.数词用作主语数词用作主语。如：。如：Threeisenough.4.不定式用作主语不定式用作主语。如：。如

10、：Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.5.动词动词ing形式用作主语形式用作主语。谓语动词谓语动词常用常用单数单数形式。形式。如：如：Readingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.6.it用作形式主语。真正的主语常是用作形式主语。真正的主语常是不定式或不定式或从句从句。如：。如：See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesntmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.7.从句用作主语从

11、句用作主语。谓语动词谓语动词常用常用单数单数形式形式。如。如：Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.主语的常考点主语的常考点(1)不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语作形式主语。e.g.Itisnoteasytogrowfruittreesandvegetableshere.在这里，种果树和蔬菜不容易。在这里，种果树和蔬菜不容易。点津点津用于句型用于句型“Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”中常见中常见的形容词的形容词(用于说明事物的性质用于说明事物的性质)有：有：easy,difficult,hard,i

12、mportant,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary等。等。e.g.Itseasyformetodothat.对我来说做那件事很容易。对我来说做那件事很容易。用于句型用于句型“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.”中常中常见的形容词见的形容词(用于说明人的品质用于说明人的品质)有：有：kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,silly,selfish等。等。e.g.Itsverykindofyoutohelpus.你帮我们的忙，你真是太好了。你帮

13、我们的忙，你真是太好了。(2)动词动词ing形式作主语时，前面可加代词或名形式作主语时，前面可加代词或名词所有格表示动词词所有格表示动词ing形式的逻辑主语。形式的逻辑主语。e.g.Janesjoiningthesingingteamgavethemasurprise.简加入歌唱队使他们很吃惊。简加入歌唱队使他们很吃惊。(3)某些形容词与某些形容词与the连用，也可作主语。连用，也可作主语。当当“the+形容词形容词”指物表示抽象概念用作主语时，谓语常用单数形式；指物表示抽象概念用作主语时，谓语常用单数形式；表示一类人用作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。表示一类人用作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。e.g

14、.Thegoodisnotalwaysbeautiful.好的东西并不总是美的。好的东西并不总是美的。Theyoungaremoreactivethantheoldinthework.做这项工作年轻人比老年人积极做这项工作年轻人比老年人积极。(4)therebe句型中，主语通常放在句型中，主语通常放在be之后之后。e.g.Thereisnothingtogetexcitedabout.没有什么值得激动的没有什么值得激动的。Write new sentences about yourself.Use the structures you checked in Activity 3.1.Livin

15、ginLondonhasbeenanexcitingpartofmylife.(-ing form)2.MybestfriendsnameisMichael.(Nounphrase)3.Heworksinabank.(Pronoun)4.1962wastheyearwhenIwasborn.(Number)5.Tostudyhardhasalwaysbeenapleasureforme.(Infinitive)Underline the subject in each of the following sentences.1.ToovercomethedifficultiesintheAnta

16、rcticareaanddoscientificresearchispossible.2.Itsreallyencouragingyourjoiningusontheexpedition.3.Willtherebeanyphotographyallowedattheresearchstation?4.WhetherweshouldexploittheAntarcticsnaturalresourcesisopentodiscussion.5.WhoeverwantstogototheAntarcticmustbephysicallystrong.Read the sentences.The u

17、nderlined parts are answers to questions.Write the questions.Example:98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.Howmuchofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap?1.In1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntarcticmainland.WhobecamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntar

18、cticmainlandin1895?2.TheplacewhereCarstensBorchgrevinkfirstsetfootisnowbeingstudiedbyscientistsfrommanycountries.Whatisnowbeingstudiedbyscientistsfrommanycountries?3.ProtectingAntarcticafromnucleartestsandradioactivewasteisveryimportanttothiscontinent.Whatisveryimportanttothiscontinent?4.Itisinspiri

19、ngtotheinternationalcommunitythatcountriesrepresenting80%oftheworldspopulationhavesignedthetreaty.Whatisinspiringtotheinternationalcommunity?圈圈出下面句子中的主语出下面句子中的主语。1.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.2.IthasntbeenfixedwhentheEnglishpartywillbeheld.3.“Practicemakesperfect”ismyfavoriteEnglishsaying.4.Readingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.5.LilyaswellasHelenhasworkedinthiscompanyformorethan10years.Writenewsentencesaboutyourself.Usethestructuresofsubjectsthatyoulearned.