高考英语翻译：定语从句和名词性从句课件.pptx

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1、定语从句定语从句这是我昨天买的那本书。This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.定从使用前提（一）：带有动词的“的”字结构我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。1.I booked a room whose window faced south.2.I booked a room in which/where the window faced south.1定语从句定语从句试对比：这是我昨天买的那本书。我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。注意：当“的”结构为完整句子时，需要注意引导词的使用。一般可以通过还原的方法加以确定。还原方法：将“的”字结构后所修饰名词带入完

2、整句子，观察其在句中的成分。2定语从句定语从句我买了一本书。这本书给我提供了很大的帮助。I bought a book,which gave me great help.定语从句使用前提（二）：相邻句子有名词重复时，可使用定语从句合并翻译。合并方法：找出重复名词，用相应引导词替代，进行句子合并。3定语从句定语从句他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。He left the school,which surprised me greatly.He left the school,as a result of which I was greatly surprised.注意：当重复部分为句子时，必须使用逗

3、号+which的定语从句。4定语从句的简化形式定语从句的简化形式1.条件：引导词作从句的主语2.方法：省略引导词，改谓语动词为非谓语动词。3.非谓语动词的三种基本形式：-ing：表主动、正在进行-ed：被动、已经完成to ：表将来、目的5定语从句的简化形式定语从句的简化形式I bought a book,which provided great help.I bought a book providing great help.I bought a book,which was written by the best novelist in the world.I bought a book

4、written by the best novelist in the world.I bought a book,which would solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book to solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book,which was able to solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book able to solve all my problems in En

5、glish learning.6名词从句名词从句主语从句主语从句我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。When we can succeed depends on our own efforts.主语从句使用的前提（一）：句子充当主语翻译方法：名词从句可以基本按照语序翻译，但引导词要置于句首。7名词从句名词从句主语从句主语从句我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。That we finally succeeded depended on our own efforts.试对比：我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。注意：当主语从句为陈述句句意时

6、，必须在句首加上引导词that。8名词从句名词从句主语从句主语从句他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。That he left the school surprised me greatly.主语从句使用的前提（二）：前句为后句的主语翻译方法：用前句代替后句的主语。9名词从句名词从句主语从句主语从句我们什么时候能成功还是一个未知数。When we can succeed is still unknown/a mystery.It is still unknown/a mystery when we can succeed.形式主语使用的常见形式：1.It is adj.that/wh-.2.It i

7、s n.that/wh.3.It is-ed that.4.It appears/seems that.5.It happens that.6.It occurs to/dawns on sb that.10名词从句名词从句主语从句主语从句It is-ed that.的变形：1.变动词It is said/reported/predicted/estimated/supposed/believed/thought/assumed that.It is widely/universally believed that.2.加情态动词It may/can/should/must be said/a

8、dmitted that.It cant be denied that.11名词从句名词从句宾语从句宾语从句I regard your success as a great honour.I regard that you passed TEM8 as a great honour.I regard it as a great honour that you passed TEM8.形式宾语的基本结构：及物动词+it+宾补+that/wh-12名词从句名词从句宾语从句宾语从句带有形式宾语常见结构：take it for granted that.理所当然的认为make it clear tha

9、t.澄清、表明regard it as.that.将视为owe it to sb that.将归因于see to it that.确保13名词从句名词从句宾语从句宾语从句大多数的人都理所当然地认为水是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的自然资源。Most people take it for granted that water is an inexhaustible natural resource.许多大学毕业生找不到工作表明就业形势并不乐观。That many college students fail to find a job makes it clear that the employment

10、 situation is far from optimistic/serious.老师把他学生通过了专八看作一种巨大的荣耀。The teacher regards it as a great honour that his students passed TEM8.14名词从句名词从句宾语从句宾语从句老师把他学生通过了专八看作一种巨大的荣耀。=学生过了专八。老师觉得很光荣。注意：当后句对前句评论时，可以使用regard it as.that.进行合并翻译。15名词从句名词从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语的基本形式：1.n.,n.中华人民共和国主席习近平 Xi Jinping,president

11、 of the Peoples Republic of China星城长沙 Changsha,the Star City2.n.of n./n.of doing/n.to dothe Star City of Changshathe responsibility of supporting the familythe plan to pass TEM8 16名词从句名词从句同位语从句同位语从句3.n.,adj.or adj.All the nations,rich or poor,big or small,enjoy equal rights in international affairs.凡战事一开，人无分老幼，地无分南北，皆有守土抗战之责。17名词从句名词从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语的灵活应用：长沙是湖南省省会，坐落在湘江之滨。Changsha is the capital of Hunan Province,which is located by the Xiangjiang River.Changsha,the capital city of Hunan Province,is located by the Xiangjiang River.注意：同位语可用于替代“A是B”结构（A和B均为名词结构），但要注意补充谓语动词。18