Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 考点基础落实拓展与背诵学案-高三英语一轮复习人教新课标必修三.docx

《Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 考点基础落实拓展与背诵学案-高三英语一轮复习人教新课标必修三.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 考点基础落实拓展与背诵学案-高三英语一轮复习人教新课标必修三.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、人教新课标高考复习Book 3Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars考点基础落实拓展与背诵 The Solar System1.sun 2.Mercury水星3.Venus金星4.earth 5.Mars火星6.Jupiter木星7. Saturn土星8.Uranus天王星9.Neptune海王星Total lunar eclipse (月全食) Total solar eclipse (日全食) Meteor rain (流星雨) Comet (彗星)词汇与派生联想记忆法1.theory n.学说；理论in theory理论上；按理2.atmosph

2、ere n.大气层；气氛；氛围in a friendly atmosphere在友好的气氛中/环境3.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的be fundamental to.是的基础4.harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害5.pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力push n. & v.推，推动press n. & v.按动；压力draw n. & v.拖(动)，拉(动)构词记忆法1.astronomy n.天文学astronomer n.天文学家2.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n.暴力3.unlike prep

3、.不同；不像unlikely adj.未必的，不大可能的4.exist vi.存在；生存existence n.存在；生存；生活方式5.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.6.physicist n.物理学家physician n.内科医生7.lessen v.减少；减轻less adj.(little的比较级)少量的；adv.较少8.exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的9.puzzle n.谜；难题；vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人困惑的，令人费

4、解的9. exhausting (sth); exhausted (sb)短语与拓展1.in time及时；终于；迟早at times有时at a time一次，每次2.give birth to产生；分娩be delivered of a baby分娩，生孩子3.in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn轮流，依次；转过来，反而4.prevent.from.阻止做(同义短语)stop/keep.from.5.cheer up感到高兴，感到振奋cheers干6.now that既然，由于(引导原因状语从句)(since)7.get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解8.break

5、 out突发；爆发break in打断(谈话)；插嘴. 补充:a cloud of dust 一团尘埃explode with anger勃然大怒, 大发脾气explode with laugher哄堂大笑with the development of society 随着社会的发展housing development住宅区It is very important that you should learn to release the stress.Otherwise ,it will give birth to a serious psychological question.最重要的是

6、要学会释放压力.否则,就会产生严重的心理问题.重点单词 1. method n. 方法by this means=in this way=with this method易混辨析method/means, method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。a new teaching method一种新的教学方法means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。 2、 harmful adj.有害的;危害 harm n. 伤害； 损害 vt. 伤害； 损害 harmless adj. 无害的； 无恶意的 do sb. harm do harm to sb. 对某人有害

7、be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意harm ones image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。3. exist vi. 存在，生存existence n. 存在I

8、can hardly exist on the wage Im getting.我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。exist+prep. 存在于某地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此时exist不用进行时。Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.好人到处都有。there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，类似的还有ther

9、e stand,there lie,there live,there occur。改错(1)It is surprising that a kind of animal is existing in the dry desert.(2)There exists a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.4puzzle n谜；疑问；v.迷惑；使困惑puzzlement n迷惘；困惑be in a puzzle不知如何是好puzzle over/about苦思冥想sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对感到迷惑puzzle a

10、bout/over sth.对某事感到迷惑puzzle ones brain冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁solve a puzzle解决一个难题be puzzled about对迷惑)I am_puzzled_about what he said.5、gentle adj.轻轻的，轻柔的;温柔的，文雅的 gentlelooking adj. 看起来彬彬有礼的、看起来很绅士的gentleman n. 绅士，先生gently adv. 温柔地，轻柔地，轻轻地 gentleness n. 温柔，和善be gentle with sb. 对某人体贴入微，对某人温柔有加gentle in voice / acti

11、on 声音温柔，举止文雅have a gentle manner of doing sth. 做某事风度高雅gentle/mild/soft gentle 用于人时，指温柔文雅的举止，出于自我约束或对他人的体贴。指物时，强调物体运动的轻缓。mild 指出于本性性格温柔，脾气好，强调自己“态度安详，不粗野”。 He has too mild a nature to lose his temper. soft 指人心肠柔软，言语婉转。 I am always too soft with you. (1) Strolling at the lake, the _ wind is brushing y

12、our face. How romantic! A. mild B. soft C. gentle D. light (2) The teacher was too _ with her class, so they were out of control. A. mild B. soft C. gentle D. light6、pull n&v.拉;吸引力 pull down 拆除； (把身体)拖垮pull off (匆忙地)脱下(衣物); (成功地)完成pull on (匆忙地)穿上pull out 拔出； 驶出； 摆脱(困难)pull in 进站；靠岸 pull away 驶离；开走pu

13、ll together 通力合作； 整顿； 控制(感情)pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关pull/draw/drag . pull 一般用法，指各种情况的“拉”，但有时强调一时或突然拉的动作。 I pulled the handle and the door opened. draw 指平稳、较轻地拉。 After some time, the fisherman began to draw the net. drag 往往指用大力气拖拉笨重物体，有“拖拉”的意思。 He dragged a heavy box upstairs alone. (1) The bus _ the b

14、us station and the passengers got off one after another. A. drove away B. pushed in C. pulled in D. rushed in (2) The brave man _ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy. A. pulled on B. put off C. took off D. pulled off7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 The crowd cheered loudl

15、y as the Queen appeared.He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的8mass n质量；团；块；大量；群众(pl.)；adj.民众的；大规模的 massive adj.大规模的，巨大的a mass of masses of大量的；许多的the mass ofmost of 的大部分，的主要部分be a mass of满是；遍布着in the mass大

16、体上；大致上the masses (as a whole)大众；民众in a mass大量地；大批地the mass of.大部分mass production批量生产注意：a mass of,(作主语时谓语动词的单复数与of后名词的单复数保持一致)和masses of可以后接可数或不可数名词，。The mass of people in that country are Christians.那个国家的大部分人是基督徒。 9lay v产；搁；放；布置lay the table摆桌子lay eggs下蛋；产卵lay oneself down to sleep躺下睡觉,lay off解雇；停止工

17、作lay aside储存(某物)待用/备用lay down放下(工具、武器等)；规定；制定；放弃lay down ones life (for sth.)(为)牺牲生命lay out铺开，展开；布置，设计(建筑物等)lay sth.on sb.把(责任或难题)推给(某人)；把加于9.theory: n. 学说，理论.词形变化:名词复数:theories 10.explode 1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸 2). 指感情）迸发 explode with /in/into. 3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加 The children exploded into laughter. The teacher

18、 exploded with anger. explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的 explosion n. 爆炸（声） 11.allow vt. 允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doing. allow sb. to do. be allowed to do, My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.Are we allowed to use the computer? 12.late adj. 迟到的，晚的；前任的；

19、以前的；已故的 later adv. 后来，较晚时候,过后 adj. late的比较级(更迟的,更后的) latest adj. 最新的 lately adv. =recently 近来 13.a. multiply乘 A and / by BFour multiplied by seven is twenty-eight. 7乘4等于28b multiply v. 增加We must multiply our efforts to clear up the mystery. 我们必须加倍努力来澄清这一神秘的事件。 重点短语1. think of sb./sth. as. think sb.

20、to be. think well /highly / much of think ill / little / poorly of. be well thought of2in time及时；最后on time准时；按时 in no time立即；马上 at a time一次；每次at one time曾经；一度 at times有时ahead of time提前 for the time being暂时take ones time别着急；慢慢来at the same time同时；然而；不过in time: 1).sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后；终于Il

21、l see him in time.总有一天我遇见他。2).in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。in/out of time合/不合节拍The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手 3prevent.from阻止；抑制 prevention n防止，阻止，妨碍prevent sb.(from) doing sth. stop sb.(from) doing sth. keep

22、 sb. from doing sth. keep sb. doing sth 使某人一直做某事protect sb.from.保护某人不受的侵袭；挡住；防御注意：被动语态中上述搭配中的from都不可省略。They would prevent/stop/keep the rich from robbing the poor.他们要制止富人掠夺穷人。He raised his arm to protect his child from being hurt.4. believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话）believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖

23、某人depend on 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人count on sb. 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人rely on 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人5. be off = set off 出发；动身与off相关的短语:set.off 送行 kick off 踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀shut off 关闭get off 下车take off 脱turn off 关闭pay off 付清；还清6watch out密切注意；当心；提防(1)watch for期待，等待watch over 照顾；监督；保护watch out for留意，留心，密切注意(

24、2) on watch守望；放哨 off watch不值班keep watch守望，值班be on the watch (for sb./sth.)小心提防；警戒I advised them to watch out for slick spots on the sidewalk.我建议他们当心人行道上路滑的地方。7.grew into 生长成为,渐渐成为或变得（不用于被动语态）She is growing into a beautiful young woman.8.cool down a.凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境“平静下来，使平静下来”I tried to cool her down

25、but she was still very angry when she left.Dont cover the TV until it cools down. 9.in ones turn: 轮到某人turn既可做动词也可做名词，当做名词时有不同的意思，形成很多搭配，如a hands turn 举手之劳, 一臂之力; a turn of fortunes wheel 命运的转变in the turn of a hand 顷刻之间 10.on the float 漂浮着 float off (搁浅的船)浮起 11. block out 挡住（光线）That wall blocks out a

26、ll the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。burst out 大声喊叫;突然起来go out 外出；过时；熄(灯)put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产come out 出现，显露；出版;结果是help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)look out留神；注意watch out 注意；提防；向外看find out 找出，查明，发现pick out挑出;辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说;大胆地说think out仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等） hang out 挂出;闲逛knock out (拳)击中，击倒，打昏sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果

27、证明是run out (of) 用完，耗尽check out 结账离去，办妥手续离去give out 分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽 12.cheer up为喝彩;欢呼;欢呼声；喝彩声 Cheers! 干杯！ cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的； 精神振奋的cheer up (使)高兴起来； (使)振作起来cheer on 为鼓气； 向喝彩13.break out战争爆发;发生争吵;(火灾)发生与break相关的短语: break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉break in 破门而入; 打断break away from 脱离政党; 打破陈规 b

28、reak through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise食言; 说话不算数易混辨析come about/happen/take place/break out/occur. come about 发生，相当于happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。happen 强调偶然发生。take place 指按计划、安排发生；举行break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。occur 常用于句式： sth. occurs to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。e

29、onA.用于表示催促，相当于Hurry up! 赶快！ 抓紧！抓紧时间！B.表示对对方的鼓励。 加油！ 加把劲！C.表示对对方的劝慰。 高兴点儿！乐观点儿！D.用于对对方的挑衅。 来呀！来吧！E.表示对对方所说的早有耳闻。算了吧！得了吧！ 别逗了！come about 发生，产生come along (表示催促)快点！一道去，进展come back to life 苏醒，复活 come down 下来，降价come out 出现，结果，出版(出版之物在主语位置上，不能用被动语态) come over 过来，短暂造访，顺便来访，从(远道)而来come around 再度出现、改变(观点、心态)

30、come to 来到，总计，结果是 come up 上来，上升，提出(宾语在主语位置上，不能用被动语态) come up with 提出(直接接宾语)，想出，赶上 come into being 出现，产生，形成 come for 来取，为而来15.get the hang of sth查看某物运作, 了解.的意义,熟悉,掌握,理解 我一直想知道这部新的打字机的用法. Ive been trying to _ this new typewriter.我不十分了解你的论据的意义.I dont quite _ your argument. .句式1Each religion and culture

31、 has its own ideas about how life began on earth.每种宗教和文化都有它自己关于地球上生命起源的看法。仿写我们不知道这件事情是怎么形成的。We have no idea about how it came into being .2No one knows exactly how the earth began，as it happened so long ago. 3、What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the d

32、ust settled into a solid globe. (P25) 随后它将变成什么样子无人知晓，直到38到45亿年之间它才形成了一个固体的球体。when 在这个句子中是并列连词引导并列句。 “就在这时；就在那时；此时此刻；届时”。代表性的句式：(1)be doing sth. when 表示“正在做某事就在这个时候发生了另外的一件事” 。(2)be about to do sth. when 表示“正要做某事就在这个时候发生了另外一件事”。when还能 (1) 引导原因状语从句，表示“既然”。 (1)How can he learn anything when he has spen

33、t all of his spare time surfing the Internet playing computer games? (2) 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 (2)They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope. “be+to”还可以表示以下含义：(1)表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。(2)表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must, have to. (3)表示假设, (4)表示“命运注定”，通常用于过去时。He was never to see his wife ag

34、ain.他注定再也见不到他妻子了。In dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。5This produced a chain reaction，whi

35、ch made it possible for life to develop.这样产生的连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。仿写你应把随时说英语当成一种习惯。You should make it a rule to speak English whenever possible. 6. some small clever animals,now with hands and feet,appeared and spread all over the earth.一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球各个地方。spread(spread,spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）

36、传开，流行He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.The exciting news spread through the school quickly.spread rumors 散布谣言spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开spread oneself 舒展身体spread the table 铺桌子spread the load 分摊(工作量)spread oneself口舒展四肢(躺下)spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长7.So whether life will continue on the earth

37、 for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(P26)depend on/upon意思为“依靠，依赖”，常用结构是depend on/upon sb/sth/v-ing/sb/sth for/sb to do sth. depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。要特别注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思为“请放心，没问题”;It all depends和That depends意思为“看情况而定”，二者都用于口语中。

38、例如：Depend on it,hell turn up.请放心，他一定会来的。It depends how you tackle the problem. (2011山东，33)Weve offered her the job，but I dont know_shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which 变式Weve offered her the job，but I dont know_she thinks of it.A.where B.whatC.whether D.which8、Although its origin may sti

39、ll be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.(P28) 尽管月球的起源扑朔迷离，但它只不过就是地球的一颗卫星。neveranything more than no more than only 只是，只不过He is much of a talker, but, as a matter of fact, he is never anything more than an unknown person. 他侃侃而谈，但实际上他就是一个无名之辈。more than/no more

40、 than/not more than more than (1) more than 数词 over 数词 “多于”；(2) more than 形容词 “十分地”；(3) more than 名词 “不只是”(4) more than 句子 “超出了的范围”；“是某人不能做的”Well done! I am more than pleased with you. I love you more than I can say. no more than(1) no more than 数词 only “仅仅”(2) no more than 名词 “就是”、“只是”We need no mo

41、re than two persons to do the job. The leaders of our Party is no more than servants for the people. not more than not more than 数词 “不多于”、“不超过” Its not more than a mile to the downtown. You can go there on foot. (2007福建) Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes. The job is _ I could do myself. A. less than B

42、. more than C. no more than D. not more than 9Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友李彦平一道去太空旅行，他是一位宇航员。 10. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape

43、 the pull of the earths gravity. 随着火箭徐徐升空，因为我们要尽力逃离地球的吸引力，所以我们被向后推在座位上。escape danger脱险escape ones memory被某人遗忘His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.) 我记不得他的名字了。He narrowly escaped death. 他九死一生。The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building. 旅客们尽力从燃烧的大楼中逃出来。11.，but i

44、t will not be as strong a pull as the earths.，但它不如地球的引力那么强。 12.，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(当我向前迈步的时候)我发现我所走的距离是在地球上的两倍，我跌倒了。 (1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

45、(4)A倍数what从句。 (2011陕西，17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be_the present one. A.as three times big as B.three times as big as C.as big as three times D.as big three times as变式The size of the new stadium being built for the next Asia Games will be_the present one.A.as three t

46、imes big asB.three times as big asC.as big as three timesD.three times that of13“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”我大声地“天啊，既然引力改变了，走路也需要练一练了。”句式提取：now that引导原因状语从句now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或即成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他引导原因状语从句的连接词；because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的提问)since因为，既然，由于(可与now that互换)as因为(语气较弱) for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)(1)It must have rained last night，for the ground