2022-2023年高中英语知识汇总笔记.pdf

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1、1 2022-2023 年高中英语知识汇总笔记 单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、It was a great _ for Alice to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.AfunctionBrequestCprocessDhonour 答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣幸。A.function 功能；B.request请求；C.process 过程；D.honour 荣幸。根据“be invited to speak in front of many

2、 famous scientists”可知，对爱丽丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。故选 D。2、Most notable of these is Chinas discovery of an ice-like substance,_ as“fire ice”,under the South China Sea.AknowingBto be knownChaving knownDknown 答案：D 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：其中最引人注目的是中国在南中国海海底发现了一种被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。_ as“fire ice”是定语，修饰 an ice-like substance，an ice-li

3、ke substance 和 know 之间是被动关系。再结合固定搭配 be known as(被称为；被认为是)可知，此处应该用过去分词作定语。故选 D。3、The selection process in the job market is based on standard tests of _ and experience.AconceptBcrewCcompetenceDcruelty 答案：C 解析：2 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业市场上的选择过程是基于标准能力测试和经验。A.concept 概念，定义；B.crew 全体船员，全体机组人员；C.competence 能力；D.cr

4、uelty 残忍，残酷。根据语意以及下文“experience”可知，就业市场的选择标准是依据求职人的能力和经验。故选 C 项。4、They rushed over to help the man_car had broken down.AwhenBtheCwhoseDbecause 答案：C 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们冲过去帮助那个车子坏了的男人。A.when时候；B.the 这、那；C.whose 谁的；D.because 因为。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the man，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰car，还原句子为：the mans car had broken d

5、own，作定语用关系代词 whose，故选 C 项。5、When will the government _ its position on equal pay for women?AclarifyBtestCstrengthenDannounce 答案：A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府什么时候会澄清它在女性同工同酬问题上的立场？A.clarify 澄清；B.test 测试；C.strengthen 加强，巩固；D.announce 宣布。根据后文“its position on equal pay for women”可知，此处指澄清在女性同工同酬问题上的立场，应用 clarify。故

6、选 A。6、A real friend is someone_walks in when the rest of the world walks out.AwhenBwhichCwhomDwho 答案：D 解析：考查定语从句。句意：真正的朋友会在整个世界都离你远去的时候，仍然与你并肩。设空处引导定语从句，且3 在句中作指人的主语，先行词为 someone，应用 who。故选 D。7、Psychologists explain how your walk can _ your hidden personalities in a recent behavioral study.AreserveBr

7、elieveCreleaseDreveal 答案：D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家在最近的一项行为研究中解释了你的走路方式可以揭示你隐藏的性格。A.reserve 保留；B.relieve 解除；C.release 释放；D.reveal 揭示，透露。根据句意及后文“your hidden personalities”可知，走路方式可以揭示隐藏的性格。故选 D 项。8、_ sharks are heavier than water,they must swim continuously or they will sink to the bottom.AWhenBThoughCSinc

8、eDOnce 答案：C 解析：考查状语从句。句意：由于鲨鱼比水重，它们必须不停地游泳，否则就会沉到水底。A.When 当时候；B.Though 虽然；C.Since 既然，由于；D.Once 一旦。根据后文“sharks are heavier than water,they must swim continuously or they will sink to the bottom”说明了鲨鱼不停游泳的原因，应用 since 引导原因状语从句，表示“既然，由于”，故选 C。9、He is _ the army.Aold enough to joinBenough old to join Co

9、ld enough to join inDenough old to join in 答案：A 解析：4 考查动词（短语）和固定句式。句意：他到了参军的年龄。join 指“加入某个党派或社会团体，从而成为该党派或团体的一员”；join in 意思是“参加某项运动或活动”，join the army 表示“参军”，be+adj+enough to do，表示“足够以能够做某事”，故选 A。小提示：10、Maybe he was carried miles into space,_ the worlds first astronaut.AbecomesBbecameCbecomingDto bec

10、ome 答案：C 解析：考查现在分词。句意：也许他被带到了几英里外的太空，成为了世界上第一个宇航员。分析句子可知，本句已经有谓语动词“was carried”,所以空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语 he 为主动关系，所以填现在分词 becoming。故选 C 项。11、Jenny who I _ to know in Australia has worked in China for a year already.We are going to meet next week.Ahas gotBwill getCgotDget 答案：C 解析：考查动词时态。句意：我在澳大利亚认识的 Jenny 已经

11、在中国工作一年了。我们下周要见面。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由句意可知，“认识 Jenny”发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选 C。12、China has a lot of beautiful scenery and historic sites,_ a number of tourists every year.Awhich attractedBattractingCto attractDwhere attracts 答案：B 解析：5 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国有许多美丽的风景和历史遗迹，每年都吸引大量游客。A.which attracted 吸引；B.attracting 吸引；C.to

12、 attract 为了吸引；D.where attracts 吸引。分析句子，has 是谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词形式，结合语意，中国有许多美丽的风景和历史遗迹，自然会吸大量的游客，空处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。故选 B 项。13、In playing basketball,Yao Ming has an advantage _ others.AwithBforCoverDon 答案：C 解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：在打篮球方面，姚明比其他人有优势。A.with 和；同；B.for 对于；C.over 多于；D.on 在上。短语 have an advantage over 表示“有

13、优势；胜过”，符合句意。故选 C。14、_ is becoming more and more important for us to master the skills of computers.AItBThatCThisDWhat 答案：A 解析：考查 it 作形式主语。句意：对我们来说，掌握计算机技能变得越来越重要。It is important for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说是，固定句型，此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故选 A。15、On every single move you have to analyze a situation,pro

14、cess what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move_all your options.Asince beforeBfrom amongCexcept forDuntil after 答案：B 解析：考查介词短语。句意：在每一步中，你都必须分析形式，分析对手在做什么，并从所有选择中评估最佳一步。6 分析句子可知，名词复数前的介词可使用 among，表示“在.之中”。since before 意为“从.之前”；from among 意为“从.当中”；except for 意为“除.之外”；until after 意为“直到”。故选

15、 B。小提示：16、You dont look well,you _ see a doctor.Aought toBmayCcanDmight 答案：A 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你脸色不太好，应该去看医生。A.ought to 应该；B.may 可以；C.can 能够；D.might也许。根据“You dont look well,”可知，这里表示建议或劝告，脸色不好应该去看医生。故选 A。17、Seeing the big snake,the little girl _ under the tree,_ out of life.Astood;frightenedBstood;was fri

16、ghtened Cstanding;frightenedDstanding;was frightening 答案：A 解析：考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：看到那条大蛇，小女孩站在树下，吓得要命。分析句子结构可知，第一空缺少句子的谓语，由句意可知，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，因而填 stood；第二空需填入非谓语动词作状语，短语 be frightened out of life 表示“吓得要死”，因而设空处填入非谓语形式 frightened。故选 A。18、The _ offers a wide choice of hotels,apartments and holiday homes

17、.AdisasterBpathCbrochureDpersonality 答案：C 解析：7 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本宣传手册提供了多种多样的酒店、公寓和度假别墅的信息。A.disaster 灾难；B.path 道路；C.brochure 小册子；宣传手册；D.personality 性格。由下文“offers a wide choice of hotels,apartments and holiday homes.”可知，宣传手册能提供多种多样的酒店、公寓和度假别墅的信息，故选 C。19、Americans eat vegetables per person today_as they

18、did in 1910.Amore than twiceBas twice as many Ctwice as manyDtwo times as many 答案：C 解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：今天美国人的人均蔬菜消费量是 1910 年的两倍。根据句意可知，此处应该用倍数表达法：倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as；表示“两倍”用 twice；根据前面的复数名词 vegetables 可知，此处应该用 many，所以应该用 twice as many as 来表示“是的两倍”。故选 C 项。20、Nowadays,basic health care services are _ to almo

19、st all the Chinese people.This accounts for the fact that the average life expectancy of the Chinese has already risen to 75.AalternativeBabundantCaccessibleDcreative 答案：C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，基本医疗卫生服务基本普及。这就是为什么中国人的平均预期寿命已经上升到 75 岁的原因。A.alternative 可替代的；B.abundant 丰富的；C.accessible 可使用的；D.creative 有创造

20、力的。由“the average life expectancy of the Chinese has already risen to 75”可知，基本医疗卫生服务基本普及，所以中国人的平均预期寿命已经上升到 75 岁，也就是大部分中国人都可以使用基本医疗卫生服务，因此空格处是“可使用的”，故选 C。21、Considering its convenience and wide application,the investors are becoming increasingly excited about the future _ of the new digital device.8 A

21、expenseBprospectCpropertyDprofit 答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者对这种新型数字设备的未来前景越来越兴奋。A.expense 费用；B.prospect 前景；C.property 财产，所有物；D.profit 利润。根据句意可知，因为它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者应该是看好这种新型数字设备的未来前景，“prospect”意为“前景”，名词词性，符合句意。故选 B 项。22、_ from space,the earth is blue.ASeenBSeeingCSawDBeing seen 答案：A 解析：考查过去分

22、词。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。A.Seen 过去分词；B.Seeing 现在分词；C.Saw 过去式；D.Being seen 被动语态。see 的过去分词表示被动，作状语表示动作发生的背景，在意义上相当于一个 状语从句，其省略的主语(逻辑主语)the earth 是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。故选 A 项。23、A real friend is someone_support we can count on.AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwho 答案：A 解析：考查定语从句。句意：真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知，_support we can count on

23、 是一个定语从句，先行词是 someone，从句当中的 support 前缺少定语，定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选 A。24、The golden rule about anything_works by electricity is to switch off before you touch anything and 9 dont pretend you know when you dont.AwhichB/CwhatDthat 答案：D 解析：考查定语从句。句意：任何用电工作的东西的黄金法则就是在你接触任何东西之前关掉它，而且当你不知道的时候不要假装你知道。分析句子可

24、知，_works by electricity 是定语从句，先行词是不定代词 anything，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 that 引导。故选 D 项。25、On the last day of their week-long stay,John,as well as his friends,_ to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.AinvitedBwas invitedCwere invitedDhad been invited 答案：B 解析：考查时态语态和主

25、谓一致。句意：在他们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，约翰和他的朋友们被邀请到北岸一个美丽的农场，在星空下听一场私人音乐会。当主语后接介词短语 as well as 并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和介词短语前的主语保持一致。本句中主语 John,as well as his friends 与谓语 invite 构成被动关系，结合语境可知为一般过去时的被动语态，且与 John 保持一致，用单数。故选 B。根据首字母填写单词(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)26、The Amazon rainforest supports an unbelievable v_ of wildlife,ranging

26、 from tigers to frogs.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：variety#ariety 解析：考查名词。句意：亚马逊雨林养育着种类繁多的野生动物，从老虎到青蛙都有。根据首字母提示及句意可知，10 此处使用名词 variety，固定短语 a variety of“各种各样的”。故填 variety。27、He was finally r_ from prison and would lead a free life.答案：released#eleased 解析：考查动词。句意：他最终从监狱释放获得了自由的生活。根据句意和首字母提示，可知为 release，分析句子的结构可知，设空处

27、在句中作谓语，和句子的主语 he 之间是被动关系，故填 released。28、The teacher used the colored chalks to h_ the important points on the blackboard.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：highlight#ighlight 解析：考查动词。句意：老师用彩色粉笔在黑板上标出重点。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词 highlight，此处为 use sth.to do sth.，应填动词原形。故填 highlight。29、Because a college community differs from the

28、family,many students will s_ to find a sense of belonging.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：struggle#truggle 解析：考查动词。句意：因为大学社区与家庭不同，许多学生很难找到归属感。根据句意“艰难地进行”和首字母“s”可知，此处为动词 struggle，助动词 will 后面需加动词原形，构成一般将来时。故填 struggle。30、My a_ is to set up a business in China after graduation.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：ambition#mbition 解析：11 考查名词。句

29、意：我的志向是毕业后在中国创业。根据句意和首字母，设空处应填名词 ambition，意为“追求的目标，抱负；雄心，志向”，在句中作主语，谓语动词 is 为单数，故主语用单数形式的名词。故填 ambition。31、It has to be the kangaroo,as it has a wide d_ throughout the country.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：distribution#istribution 解析：考查名词。句意：它一定是袋鼠，因为它在全国各地分布广泛。根据句意和首字母提示，应填 distribution“分布”作宾语，由不定冠词 a 可知，用单数。故填 di

30、stribution。32、There are many s_ between my first-born son and my brother,both of whom like swimming and eating dumplings.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：similarities#imilarities 解析：考查名词。句意：我的大儿子和我的哥哥有很多相似之处，他们都喜欢游泳和吃饺子。空处是 there be 句型的主语，应用名词形式，结合句意及首字母提示可知，similarity“相似点”符合题意，similarity 是可数名词，由空前的 many 可知此处应用复数形式。故填

31、 similarities。33、They recently failed to n_ a mutually(双方)acceptable new contract.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：negotiate#egotiate 解析：考查动词。句意：他们最近未能通过谈判达成双方都能接受的新合同。根据单词首字母和句意“谈判”及前文不定式符号 to 可知，此处应用动词原形 negotiate 构成不定式作宾语。故填 negotiate。34、Many students didnt follow a healthy diet and they had a p_ for food with much

32、 salt and sugar.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：preference#reference 12 解析：考查名词。句意：许多学生没有遵循健康的饮食习惯，他们偏爱高盐高糖的食物。根据单词首字母以及句意“偏爱”可知应填名词 preference，短语 have a preference for 表示“偏爱”。故填 preference。35、Immediately I saw him,it o_ to me that he was the right person for the position.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：occurred#ccurred 解析：考查动词。句意：我一见

33、到他，就想到他是这个职位的合适人选。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处是动词ocular，it occurs/occurred to sb.that.“某人突然想到”，根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填 occurred。36、Henry is walking along the street h_ the bank note in his hand.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：holding#olding 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：亨利手里拿着钞票在街上走着。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应填动词 hold，表示“拿着”，分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，hold 与逻辑主语 Henry 之间是主动

34、关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填 holding。37、The homeless child was a_ by a family in Manhattan who possessed an exhibition gallery.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：adopted#dopted 解析：考查动词。句意：这个无家可归的孩子被曼哈顿的一个有展览馆的家庭收养。根据句意和首字母“a”提示可知，此空应该填写意为“收养”的动词，故用 adopt；根据“by a family”可知此处用被动语态，故填 adopted。38、Mom,I have already r_ a table for thre

35、e at 6 oclock for the family meal this Saturday.（根据首字母13 单词拼写）答案：reserved#eserved 解析：考查动词。句意：妈妈，我已经预订了一张六点钟三个人的餐桌，准备本周六的家庭聚餐。结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词 reserve“预定”符合题意，此处应用其过去分词形式和 have 构成现在完成时。故填 reserved。39、We have learnt many festivals in Unit 1.Can you tell me how many festivals are mentioned a_?(根据首字母单词拼写

36、)答案：altogether#ltogether 解析：考查副词。句意：我们在第一单元学习了许多节日。你能告诉我总共有多少个节日吗？根据所给出的首字母提示，结合句意可推知，应是副词“altogether”，意为“完全；全部；总共”，在句中作状语。故填 altogether。40、The equipment can be p_ from your local supplier.But the prices are higher than average.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：purchased#urchased 解析：考查动词。句意：设备可以从当地供应商处购买。但价格高于平均水平。根据句型

37、结构和句意可知，这里可以填动词，且应用过去分词结构，与前面助动词 be 构成被动形式，再根据首字母可知，应填 purchased，表“购买”，为动词。故填 purchased。41、The war between Ukraine and Russia got the old couple worried and they waited a_ for the phone call from their son every day.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：anxiously#nxiously 解析：14 考查副词。句意：乌克兰和俄罗斯的战争让这对老夫妇很担心，他们每天都焦急地等待儿子的电话。该

38、空修饰动词 wait，应该用副词。因为战争，所以这对老夫妇焦急地等待儿子的电话。表示“焦急地，焦虑地”，应该用anxiously。故填 anxiously。42、There are many j_ in the rainforest.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：jaguars#aguars 解析：考查名词的数。句意：雨林中有许多美洲虎。根据句意及首字母可知，此处应填 jaguars，表示“美洲虎”。many 修饰可数名词复数，故填 jaguars。43、Many species are in danger of e_ because of our destruction of their na

39、tural habitat.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：extinction#xtinction 解析：考查名词。句意：许多物种因为我们破坏了它们的自然栖息地而处于灭绝的危险之中。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“灭绝”的意思的名词，做介词 of 的宾语，是不可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填 extinction。44、The stadium is large enough to a_100,000 viewers.（根据首字母单词拼写）答案：accommodate#ccommodate 解析：考查动词。句意：这个体育场足够容纳 10 万名观众。结合句意及首字母提示可知，动词 accommo

40、date“容纳”符合题意，空前的 to 是不定式符号，故空处用动词原形。故填 accommodate。45、It was only due to the o_ support of his teacher that he eventually made progress.(根据首字母单词拼写)答案：ongoing#ngoing 15 解析：考查形容词。句意：是由于老师不间断的支持，他才最终取得了进步。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用形容词 ongoing，表示“不间断的”，作定语修饰名词 support。故填 ongoing。书信写作(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)46、教育部日前出台通

41、知，要求中小学减少考试次数，以有效减轻学生所面临的压力。你校英文报就此事征稿，请发表你的意见和看法。内容包括以下要点：(1)支持或反对；(2)支持或反对的理由。注意：(1)词数 100 左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Recently,the Chinese Ministry of Education announced a new policy focusing on the reduction of exams to ease the burden on students._ 答案：One possible version:Recently,the C

42、hinese Ministry of Education announced a new policy focusing on the reduction of exams to ease the burden on students.From my perspective,I am in favor of the practice.We students should be evaluated multidimensionally instead of merely by grades.This means that we can have the opportunity to develo

43、p our potential to the fullest and 16 gain self-confidence.Besides,this policy will greatly cut parents education costs previously spent on private tutoring,thus alleviating financial burdens on families.Whats more,we will have more free time to take part in various after-class activities including

44、public service,which can benefit us both physically and mentally in the long run.In conclusion,I believe the government is taking a positive step in the right direction to reform our education system.解析：【导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封稿件，就中小学减少考试次数，以有效减轻学生所面临的压力发表意见和看法，向校英文报投稿。(1)词汇积累 集中：focus onconcentrate

45、on 在我看来：from my perspectivein ones view 机会：opportunitychance 此外：besideswhats more(2)句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We students should be evaluated multidimensionally instead of merely by grades.This means that we can have the opportunity to develop our potential to the fullest and gain self-confidence.拓展句：We stude

46、nts should be evaluated multidimensionally instead of merely by grades,which means that we can have the opportunity to develop our potential to the fullest and gain self-confidence.小提示：17 【高分句型 1】Recently,the Chinese Ministry of Education announced a new policy focusing on the reduction of exams to

47、ease the burden on students.（运用了现在分词作定语，不定式作目的状语）【高分句型 2】Whats more,we will have more free time to take part in various after-class activities including public service,which can benefit us both physically and mentally in the long run.（运用了不定式作状语，which引导非限制性定语从句）47、假定你是李华，2022 年北京冬季奥运会即将开幕。请写封邮件邀请你的英国

48、朋友 Peter 收看，内容包括：(1)收看时间(2 月 4 日20 日)和方式；(2)邀请理由；(3)表达期待。注意：(1)词数 100 左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。答案：Dear Peter,With the 2022 Winter Olympic Games around the corner,Im writing to invite you to watch it.The Games,an international sports competition to be held in Beijing,appeal to people all around the worl

49、d.Additionally,they consist of over 100 events,and feature sports on snow and ice,including many interesting and thrilling ones.Moreover,we Chinese have made long and full preparations,so it is really worthwhile to watch the Games.The great events will be broadcast live both on CCTV-1 and on CCTV-5

50、from February 4th to February 20th.They are also available on some other media platforms.Hopefully,you wont miss the wonderful opportunity.Yours,Li Hua 解析：18 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。2022 年北京冬季奥运会即将开幕要求学生写封邮件邀请英国朋友 Peter 收看。(1)词汇积累 吸引：appeal to attract 此外：Additionally Besides 包含：consist of comprise 机会：opport