初中英语笔记大全-(超级精华版).docx

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1、 初中英语笔记大全（超级精华版）l This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。sb.l call电话号码sth. at电话号码call sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. upplease give me a call .请打电话给我l family 指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”，family 指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。l of 表示无生命物体的所有格，s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用 of，但有生命物体后要加“s”。l 以副词 there 或 here 开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。l Whats yo

2、ur name, please? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I haveyour name, please?l Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you.l 写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。l 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用 dear 作感叹词。l 名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：here is a set of keyshere are two sets of keysl get to so

3、mewhere (get home 除外)到达have (有生命物体的“有”)l 有there is (无生命物体的“有”)l 肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+ V 原型+否定：Dont let +宾语+V 原型+/Let + 宾语 + not + V 原型+l have 表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。Lets (include说话的人和听话的人) 问：shall we？l Let us (不include听话的人) 问：will you ？l联系动词+ adj.作表语感官动词smell 闻taste 尝fell 触l 反身代词：myself（我自己） yo

4、urself（你自己） himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itself1 （它自己） ourselves（我们自己） yourselves（你们自己） themselves（他们自己）l How much + be +商品？（答：Its/Theyre） = What is the price of ？（答：It s）l cent 美分 One dollar =100 centsl other(两者中的另一个) another（三者中的另一个）l 越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hatl 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.hel

5、p sb. with sth.with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.l 一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+l Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anything I can do for you?la.受欢迎的welcomev.欢迎n.欢迎l be 动词不加动词原形get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎l “hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。

6、hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千l buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.（间接宾语） sth.（直接宾语） 为某人买某物l any body 在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。l for 表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。leach 强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every 强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees o

7、n both sides of the roadl the price is low(high) 价格低（高）l也alsoeithertoo放在 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前放在句末(疑问句、否定句)放在句末(肯定句)l on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨l答不用具体时间答要用具体时间what time？l比赛和智力或知识有关的竞赛match有计划预先安排好的比赛l 持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.la kind of一种2 many kind ofall kinds of许多种各种各样l kind of 有几分如：The elephants

8、are kind of cute.l 含有 think 的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesnt think theyare boring.(她认为他们不无聊)l 问：How are you？答：Im fine. (我很好。)/Just so so.(一般般。)l 表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars is enough(足够)。l 怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。

9、两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper /peip/ (pa 为开音节) member /memb/ (mem 为闭音节) happy /hpi/(hap 为闭音节) sorry /sri/ (sor 为闭音节) certainly /s:tnil/l I am sorry. I cant go with you. （对不起。我不能和你一起去。）l Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. / Thank

10、 a lot. / Many thanks.l You are welcome. / Thats OK. / Thats all right.l Its my pleasure. / With pleasure. （这是我的荣幸。）l make friend with sb. （和交朋友）l Thanks for + n. / v.ing = Thanks sb. for + n. / v.ingl below 在下方（非正下方）反义词：above 在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under 在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上面（正上方）l keep + sth

11、. + adj. 使某物保持某状态。keep + adj. 保持某状态。l 表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。l 问：Let答：OK. / All right. / Thats a good idea. / That sounds good. / Sorry.l sport 用来修饰名词要变为 sports。l play + the + 乐器 Erhu 除外l be 动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。l 人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。l be good with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处的很好

12、l 问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.ffffl always(总是) usually(通常) often（经常） sometime（有时） seldom（很少）f never（从不）l 频度副词放在 be 动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。l 感叹句：What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + (主) + （谓） ！如：What beautiful flowers they are!3 How + adj. /adv. + (主) + （谓） ！如：How beautif

13、ul the flowers are!l Can you think what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。l Start to do sth. 开始做某事l be famous for 因出名lbe busy doing sth.忙于某事be busy with sth.lbe strict with sb.对某人某事严格be strict in sth. / doing sth.ll for + 时间段做某事持续多久l 问：How long do you have volleyball?答：I have volleyball for two h

14、ours.l ask sb. some questions. 问某人一些问题ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事l no =not anyl because 不和 so 同时使用，although(尽管)不和 but 同时使用。llittlea littlefew几乎没有(否定)有一些(肯定)几乎没有(否定)有一些(肯定)修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词a fewl either：两者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。l 用“may”提问的句子回答用 can/can t 或 must / mustn t;用“can”提问的句子回答用 can/cant;用“must

15、”提问的句子回答用 need/neednt.如：1. May I park my car here?Yes, you can / must. / No, you cant / mustnt.2. Can I watch TV?Yes, you can. / No, you cant.3. Must I clean the classroom this morning?Yes, you need. / No, you neednt.l be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事/某物l be fond of = likel make a c

16、ontinuation to sth. 对有贡献l do well in = be good at 擅长l 比较级 + and + 比较级l give back = return越来越归还l 法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/Englishwoman4 Chinese 和 Japanese 单复数同形l in the world 在世界上all over the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界l in the school 在学校里l outside 在外面in school 在学

17、校学习outside the gate to the park 在公园门外l turning 转角l go down + 沿着 路走go straight down + 沿着 路直走l enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time = have funl take a walk = go for a walk = have a walkl the beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时fro

18、m beginning to end 从开始到结束l visit + 地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地l have fun doing sth. 做很开心l 地点 + is a great place to do sth. 是一个做的地方l be busy with sth. 忙于某事l the way to 去的路on the way to + 地点 在去的路上on ones way to + 地点 某人在去的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人pass sb. sth. l+ in + 大地方l arri

19、ve+ at + 小地方arrive at schooll 到达学校get to schoolreach schooll 主语 + hope(that) + 从句主语 + hope + to do sth.l live on 靠为生5 主语为物It takes sb. + 时间、金钱 + to.do sth. 做某事要花某人多少take时间、金钱 l 花费spend 主语为人spend + 时间、金钱 + on sth./(in) doing sth.cost 主语为物（强调金钱） This book costs me 3 yuan.pay 主语为人lpay 金钱 to sb. for sth

20、.为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb. = pay sb. 金钱pay sb.付钱给某人l between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触 面through指从内部穿过lover指从上空穿过、没有接 触面l Why not do sth. ？ 表建议：为什么不做呢？Why dont you do sth. ? 表疑问：你为什么不要？because + 句子lbecause + 名词 / 名词短语 / 代词I didn t go to school ，because I was ill.如I didn t go to school ，becaus

21、e of the illness.kind of + adj.a kind ofl+ n.many kinds ofall kinds of如：People like this kind of animals, because theyre kind of cute.l in the south of 在南部l asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着l be friendly to sb. 对某人友好l dont forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事l tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事tell sb. not

22、 to do sth. 叫某人不去做某事stop to do sth. 停下正在做的，去做某 事lstop doing sth. 停下正在做的是l 介词 + doing sth.l would like to do sth. 想要做某事l Which place do you live in = Where do you live ?l Isnt he cute ? 否定疑问句l Sam wants to play basketball, doesnt he ? 翻译疑问句l Why not do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ?6 l practice doin

23、g sth. 练习做某事l use sth. to do sth.l 比较级中的代词用 that ， 如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.l said to oneself 自言自语l be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事l do ones best 尽某人的全力be made of 看得出原材料的l由 制作的be make from 看不出原材料的l be satisfied with 对满意l be full of 满是in the front of 在内部的前面lin front of 在外部

24、的前面l 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：Wellhave a sports meetingif it doesnt rain tomorrow.l Its (形式主语) + adj. + （for sb.） + to do sth.(主语) 做某事怎么样。如：Its important for him to play the piano . 弹钢琴对他很重要。Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. （adj.应为 sb.的本身性质）如：Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助了我，你真好。l go across the bridg

25、e 过桥l in + 时间段（将来时）多久后after（放在时间前）l在 之后，多久之后later（放在时间后）l What does she do ? = Whats she? = Whats her job?work（UN)ljob (CN)sometimes 频度副词；有时sometime 某时，某个不确定的时 间如：I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.some times 几次lsome time 一些时间give sb.sth .give sth .to sb.给某人某物（ sth .直接宾语， sb .间接宾语）llget sth .from

26、 sb .从某人那里得到某物wear 穿的状态put on 穿上l talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈be in danger 处于危险中lbe out of danger 脱离危险7 l be out 外出ask sb .sth .问某人某事lask sb .to do sth.叫某人做某事l waitress 女服务员work with sb. 与某人工作lwork with sth.工作与某物有关l be late for 做迟到了need sth. 需要某物need（实义动词） need to do sth. 需要做某事lneed doing 需要被如：The flowe

27、rs need watering .花需要被浇水。l learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学teach sb. sth.教某人某事lteach sb. to do sth.教某人去做某事watch 长时间的看see 强调看的结果look 强调看的过程、动作read 阅读l看l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l lately 最近see sb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事lwait to do sth. 等待做某事cawt wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想要做某事l thanks for + n. / 动名词l

28、 表语一般放在 be 动词后，定语一般放在名词前。l be with sb. 与某人在一起every one 指人 = every bodylevery one 可以指人，也可以指物l 描述头发：漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色描述人的长相：have / has + hair / eyes /ears / mouth /nose is / am/ are + tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height l strong 的反义词：weak 虚弱的l love to do sth. 喜爱做某事l wear 用进行时

29、态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today. 李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。l popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行8 good - looking 外在美（指男性或女性 ）beautiful 外在美或内在美（指女 性或物）lordinary - looking相貌平平ugly - looking 相貌不好看的；相貌丑 的handsome 漂亮；英俊l kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.tell sb. joke 给某人讲笑话lmake a joke

30、 with sb. 和某人开玩笑Don t make such kind of jokes with others 别和别人开这种玩笑l 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a） 数词 描绘词 （大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色） 出处 材料性质、类别 名词a small round table .如 ：a famous German medical school .an expensive Japanese sports car .remember to do sth. 记得去做某事llremember doing sth. 记得做过某事- Who cleaned the classr

31、oom ？- The students did .特别喜欢：likea lot / very much有一点喜欢：likea littlel 一点都不喜欢：（doesn t）don t likeat alll outgoing 外向的l What fine weather it is ！ = How fine the weather is ！ +sth.l would liketo do sth.+ sb. to do sth.- Would you like sth. ？- Yes ，please . / No ，thanks .l- Would you like to do sth. ？-

32、 Yes ，Id like to. / Id like to ，but I l round the world 全世界l junk food 垃圾食物9 make a reason to do sth.为做某事编一个理由give the reason for sth.l给出某事 / 做某事的理由give the reason for doing sth.如：give me your reasons for being late .l be on a visit (n.) to = visit (v.) l stay + adj. 保持practise(v.) = practicepractic

33、e ( v.) + n. / pron. /doing sth.practice (n.)(没有practise)l如：Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧在山顶上on the top of the mountain在半山腰half way up the mountain在山脚下at the foot of the mountainll be angry with sb.It takes sb. +时间+ to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间on sth.人+ spend +时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.lfor sth.人+ paysb.+ 金钱物+ co

34、st + sb. + 钱l most of 中的大多数do sth .(看见经常做或做过 )lwatch sb. / sth . +doing sth .(看见正在做 )to do sth.It is time for sth.lfor sb. to do sth.l He doesnt want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing.l Help oneself to sth. 受欢迎l play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑l dress sb. 为某人穿衣打扮l 动词原型及其过去式l to + v.（不定式）make sb. do

35、sth.省略to的不定式 let sb. do sth.have sb. do sth.help sb. (to) do sth. 可加可不加10 |lhave fun doing sth.becamebroughtcaughtcutdrankfellfoundgotatefoughtforgotwenthang(吊) 逛)hanged( have / has吊)hadholdknowlearnletmaypayreadrunsellkeeplead(引导)lie(说谎) lied / laywriteshouldsingspeakswimthoughtl Its time for sb. t

36、o do sth.l be worry (adj.) about (担心) = worry (v.) aboutgo on doing sth.继续做同一件事l 叶子半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命亡。kniveknives shelfshelvesthiefthieveswolfwolveslifelivesll sothat 如此以致l discuss with sb. sth.find sb. doing sth.see sb. doing sth.lwatchsb. doingsth.see sb. doing sth.(经过时看到正在做)l see sb. d

37、o sth.(看见整个过程)l as soon as 一 就l Stand sth.l Maybe adv.l exercise (v.) = do exercise (n.) / do sportsDo more exercise (un.) , you willbe healthier.l Do morning / eyesexercises有修饰词作为(cn.)频率副词例如I usually go to the park.She usually goes to the park.位 实义动词前，助动词、置 be动词、情态动词后频率副词不影响动词形成 She usually went to

38、 the park last year.ll How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快 例：How soon will you come back ？ In two days.How many times 多少次l result for do sth.l want sb. to do sth.interesting东西令人觉得很有趣l intered感到谁很有趣l Thanks for doing sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事l thy doing sth.尝试做某事vegetable (cn.

39、)l fruit (un.)12 l be different from 与不同l look after = take care of 照顾（重视）health n.l healthy adj.l style 风格、方式grade 评价l mark 直观的分数help sb. (to) do (v.) sth.l help sb. with sth.l the old 老人l kind person 热心人l the same as 与一样l kind of = a little (bit)l keep in good healthy = keep healthyl make a plan f

40、or 为做计划l although = though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管 a hard job难的adj.a hardstone硬的hardhard- working努力的lworkhard努力地adv.Its rainyhard雨下很大 maybeadv.l may be情态v. + v.(原) Maybehe is a student例He may be a studentl be good at sth. / doing sth.l advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice.sore 肌肉引发炎症，酸痛l ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后l lots o

41、f = a lot ofgoodfineladv.welladj.表示身体好= fine 13 Whats the matter with sb.？Whats the troublewith sb.？l Whats wrong(adj.) with sb.？Whats happenedto sb.？tired (adj.)主观感受到疲劳l tire(n.)tieing令人感到疲劳l certainly 当然l sound like + 名词 / 名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现在时sometimes几次lsometime某个时候，常用于将来时some time 一段时间，常用于现在

42、完成时l want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth.try todo sth.尽力做某事l try not to do sth.尽力不做某事l hope 表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope + that 从句（that可以省略）。另外，hope 后面+so 表示“希望如此”；hope not 表示“希望不是这样。wish 表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish that 从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。a balance oflbalanced (adj.)traditiona l (adj.)tradition (n.)llike + 名词短语l 像for example +