新概念英语第二册主语、宾语、定语从句.pptx
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1、复杂句主语从句&宾语从句&定语从句主语从句在复杂句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。That引导uThateveryonemayreceiveatleastamoderateeducationissignificant.uThateducationplaysavitalroleinallwalksoflifeisclear.uThatadvertisementsarepredominantinourday-to-daylivesisobvious.which引导uWhichwayyouturnisuptoyou.uWhichbookyouread
2、isyourdecision.Whether引导uWhetheryoucansucceedinmakingyourdreamcometruedependsonhardworkmorethanluck.uWhethertechnologyisablessingoracurseisdiscussedheatedlybypeople.uWhethercomputerscanreplacetheroleofteachershaslongbeenahottopic.Who/Whoever引导uwhoeverwantstoreachadistantgoalmusttakemanysmallsteps.uW
3、hoyouarelookingforisnotknowntous.What/Whatever引导uWhatsdonecantbeundone.uWhatwedowillinglyiseasy.uWhateverisatthecenterofyourlifewillbethesourceofourwisdomandpower.uWhateveryouloveandtrustinthisworldlovesyouinreturn.Where引导uWhereweloveishome.How引导uHowyouthinkandsetwillinfluenceyourlife.When引导uWhenthe
4、sunisshinningisthebesttimetorepairtheroof.uWhenyoucanmakeitdependsonyourefforts.Why引导uWhysomanypeopleprefertoliveinthecityisbeyondme.uWhydinosaursbecameextincthaslongbeenamysterytoscientistsandresearchers.连词that的省略问题连词that的省略问题写作中形式主语从句的使用:写作中形式主语从句的使用:1.Itsafact2.Itsstrange3.Itsnowonder4.Itseems5.I
5、tssaid6.Itsreported7.Itsbelieved8.Itisthought9.Itsobvious10.Ithasbeenproved11.Itcantbedenied12.Itiswell-know13.Itiswidely-acceptedInsummary:主语从句可以由以下这些引导词引导:That/which/whether/whoever/what/whatever/where/how/when/whyPractice:Chinese-Englishtranslation1.你需要的是更多的练习2.他是否加我们,没有太大的差别3.很明显他已经尽力而为了4.他们什么时候
6、来还没有公布5.这事是怎样发生的,谁也不清楚6.不论谁来都欢迎7.很遗憾我们不能去8.据说格林先生已经到了北京9.你决定买那一辆车都不会有任何区别10.我们明天时候再户外开晚会要看天气而定11.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转12.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛宾语从句宾语从句是在写作中非常常用的一种从句,它一般在作文中用来提出观点。uSometimesweneedtoremindourselvesthatthankfulnessisindeedavirtue.uAttitudedetermineswhether/ifpeoplearesuccessfulandabletoenjoylife.uAstr
7、awshowswhichwaythewindblows.uOurmotivesshapehowweseetheworld.uIdontfearwhatisahead.uThesecretoflikeisnottodowhatyoulike,buttotrytolikewhatyoudo.uHetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.uIdontknowiftherewillbeabusanymoreuNobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.uTeacherswereaskingmewhetherIhadgonether
8、eornotatthattime.uDoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgameuIfyouhaveaplanyoucandealwithwhatevercomesalong.引导词:引导词:引导词有连词that,whether,if,关系代词what,how,whose,which和关系副词when,where,how,why等。可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句宾语从句后置后置lIthinkitnecessarythatwetakep
9、lentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.lIfeelitapitythatIhaventbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.lIhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.lWeallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,Ihate
10、itwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句虽然有动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,但若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatweha
11、dlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.注意:注意:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句否定转移至主句表示。Idontthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.“THAT”的省略问题?that引导的宾语从句只是起引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用连结作用,本身没本身没有意义有意义,在在口语或非正式文件中口语或非正式文件中可以省略可以省略Shesaid(that)shewasgoingtostudyFrench.她说她准备去学法语.可省:可省:
12、在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewastoldnottotellyou.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。Icanttel
13、lhimthathismotherdied.在以下情况中that不能省略主句中有主句中有it作形式宾语作形式宾语,that不可省不可省Wethinkitisimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.宾语从句的第一个词为宾语从句的第一个词为this/that时时,引导词引导词that不可省不可省Shetoldmethatthatnightwasverycold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷Whether和If互换问题?由whether,if 引导的宾语从句一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能
14、互换的。Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.1)只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere在介词的后面Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.在动词后面的宾语从句时Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek直接与ornot连用时Icantsaywhetherornottheycancomeontime.由whether,if 引导的宾语从句2)只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语
15、从句if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidntcometoschoolyesterday.引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.需要注意的时态问题?时态1)主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.2)主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。Shewassorrythatshehadntfinishedherw
16、orkontime.3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Insummary:1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。4.whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟ornot。5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.定语从句宾语从句是复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,它起定语的作用。u1.Themeeti
17、ngthatyouhavemissedyesterdaywasveryimportant.u2.Thegirlwhoismakingaspeechrightnowisourmonitoru3.ThevasethatIbrokeyesterdaywasveryexpensive.u4.Theboywhohelpedyouyesterdayismyneighbor.u5.ThatsjustthetopicthatImveryinterestedin.u6.Heisjustthebosswhogavemethatvaluableopportunity.u7.Thisisthetopic/themet
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