2023届高考英语【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧.docx

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1、【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧一、思维导图二、解题点拨考点1名词和冠词例 1 2021 全国卷乙I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后，我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。例 2 2020全国卷 II Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.考场思维：(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后

2、我就要回家过暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。例 1 答案：dishdishes彳列2 答案：vacations一vacation【过关检测】1. . 2021-吉林市第四次调研Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.2. .2020-全国卷 IIIMy mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.3. 2019-HIII! will open more.I wis

3、h to have a chain of cafes in many different city.4. 2018全国卷When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.5. 2020全国卷IHFor example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.6. 2019 BITTEach of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique s

4、tyle.7. 2017全国卷 II They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.8. 2021 江西省质量监测Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.1. ideasidea2.families一family3. city一cities4.Fridays一Friday5. the一a6.an一a7.第个a-an/one8.enjoy后力口the【技法点金】1 .理清单复数使用情

5、况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。2 .牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice, news, information, progress, work, fun, weather, music, health, lucko3 .三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4 .关注冠词的考查重点(l)a和an,表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素 (不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)假设对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加theo(3)假设某名词是复数、专有

6、名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置 空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2介词和数词例 1 2021 全 国卷 乙In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“得益于(做)某事“。例 2 2020全国卷 H Pm glad to know that youve come China to learn

7、kung fu in a school in my hometown.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国，在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。(2)搭配识记：come to +地点名词，表示“来到某地工例 1 答案：benefit后加from/by例2答案：come后加to【过关检测】1. 2021 吉林市第四次调研You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.2. . 2021-新乡市第三次模拟There I found many people waiting t

8、heir orders to be checked out.3. 2019全国卷HWhen I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.4. 2018全国卷 II They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.5. 12021 太原一模After graduating from

9、 high school, Fm going to be a computer programmer, which I think is on great demand in the modern world.6. 2021 吉林市第三次调研Without hesitation, I, under the help of Tom and Mary, earned her on my back to the clinic.7. 2021 ,河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday, my fat

10、her gave me a present-a picture book.8. 12021 赣州市模拟In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.1.去掉into2.waiting后力Ufor3.在high前面加in/at4.for-with5. onin6.under一with7 . eighteen一eighteenth8.eighty一eightieth【技法点金】1 .关注介

11、词遗漏不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2 .明辨介词多余及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。(2)this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3 .牢记相似介词的区别in, on, at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中那么表示在一段时间之后)，on表示 在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4 .识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序

12、性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5 .注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in one，s+逢十的基数词复数、表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the +逢十的基数 词复数”。考点3谓语动词误用例 1 2021 全国卷乙Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，句中的like作

13、动词，意为“喜欢”，故 are多余。例 2 2020全国卷 H Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.考场思维：(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应 该为一般过去时态。例1答案：去掉are例2 答案：starts started【过关检测】1. 2021 黑龙江省大庆市 5

14、月联考John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.2. 12021 黑龙江省大庆市 5 月联考However, one day, I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vital exam.3 . 2021黑龙江省大庆市 5 月联考It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste aroundUS.4. 2021 江西省高三教学质量监测We have both ach

15、ieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure.5. 2021 吉林市第四次调研There is another thing that should be keep in mind.6. . 2021-马鞍山第三次监测After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams.7. 2021吉林市第四次调研An English drama competition would

16、be held in the school art hall next Friday.8. 2021 九江市二模Usually, sitting around the table, all members of a family has meals together at meal ti me.1. buys一bought2.forget一forgot3. reduce一reduces4.suffer一suffered hashave5. keepkept6.dividingdivided7. would一will8.hashave【技法点金】1 .识别时态不一致文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式

17、，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。2 .判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and, or等后的动词与前面的哪个动 词并列，一定要理解，区分清楚。3 .留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了 be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4 .注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的 情况。5 .牢记情态动词用法(口情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。考点4非谓语动词形式错误例 1 2021 全

18、国卷甲Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. 考场思维：语境含义：他们的回答也说明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事”。例 2 2020全国卷niI tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill. 考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth,”被迫做某事”。例 1 答案：t

19、alktalking例2答案：eat前加to【过关检测】1. 2021 吉林市第四次调研is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition.2. 2021 江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.3. 2021 南昌二模To solve the problem, I forced myself to reading every paragraph with patience,

20、trying to follow the plot.4. 2021 成都七中热身考试They watched him with interest, laughed loudly.5. 2021 宿州市质量检测As far as Fm concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work hard.6. .2021-焦作市三模When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little embarrassing.7. 2021

21、 哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟Felt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.8. 2021 江西省高三教学质量监测 1They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same mistake.9. 2021 焦作市第四次模拟I had a ticket to a show I couldnt attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was having a hard tim

22、e find someone who would pay the full price.10. 2021 贵州省适应性测试I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting.1. take前加to2.去掉know前to3.readingread4.laughedlaughing5 . inspiringinspires6.embarrassing一embarrassed7.Felt一Feeling8.made一making9.find一finding10.work一work

23、ing【技法点金】1 .理清to的两种命题方式多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2 .辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，那么只能用非谓语动词。3 .搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”, 常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。4 .掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。5 .注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动

24、词ing形式或不定式。6 .明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号t。后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5形容词和副词误用M列 1 2021 全国卷乙Whats more, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation0例 2 2020全国卷 II Fm surely youll have a good ti

25、me.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。例 1 答案：mentally-mental例2 答案：surely-sure【过关检测】1. 2021安徽“五校联盟”第二次联考When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook.2. 2021 南昌二模It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that being alone is not lonely.3. .2021 广西 4 月模拟Now

26、 Pve changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl.4. 2021江西省质量监测Whats worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before.5. 12019全国卷 II One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.6. 2021 焦作市三模The other day,

27、I went home so lately that my mother couldn*t afford to wait me any longer.7. .2021-高三“五校联盟”第二次联考About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning.8. 2021 马鞍山市第三次质量监测Its a famous park in Maanshan. Therefore, some of its visitors leave garbage behind.1. proud一proudly 2.entireentirely3. energy一energe

28、tic 4.harder一hard5.去掉more6.latelylate7. latelater 8.ThereforeHoweverL明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2 .理清比拟级、最高级的误用原级和比拟级混用。比拟级和最高级混用。在本身已是比拟级形式的基础上误加more。在没有最高级的词前误加mosto3 .关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有“；beside意为“在旁边 besides意为“另外”。4 .看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或比照，意思是“然而，可是，但是“；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所 以