备考2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题16-定语从句.docx
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1、专题16 .定语从句2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:io1 .定语从句的功用和结构10.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法102 .关系代词和关系副词的作用12.具体使用时常见问题133 .牛刀小试 14考情分析:定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容,大局部地区的中考只要求理解定语从句,但是部 分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查,但是理解定语从句 的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。1 ,定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行 词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。如
2、:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。2 .关系代词和关系副词的具体用法(1)who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:The person who broke the window must pay for it.48. (2021 甘肃平凉巾凝响区教育科学研究所一模)
3、I know ihe boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为句)I know the boy mother a doctor.49. ( 2021甘肃陇南一模)This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.(合并 为一句)This is the hall we to the report yesterday50. (2021 新疆模拟预测)Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday.(合并
4、为一句话)Bob loves the gift his mother for him on his eighteenth birthday.专题16 .定语从句2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:io1 .定语从句的功用和结构10.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法102 .关系代词和关系副词的作用12.具体使用时常见问题133 .牛刀小试 14考情分析:定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容,大局部地区的中考只要求理解定语从句,但是部 分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查,但是理解定语从句 的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。(1) ,定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中
5、,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行 词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。Do you know everybody who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。(2) .关系代词和关系副词的具体用法(1)who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:Th
6、e person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。(2 ) whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.你要见的李先生已经来了。(3) whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。如:The gi
7、rl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。(4) which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。如:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.这是老师昨天提到的那本书。(5) that多指物,
8、有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:Ive read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.我己经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。Who is (he person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那儿读报纸的人是谁? (6) when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。如:Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。He arrived in Beijing on the day
9、when I left.就在我离开那天他到得北京。(7) where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。如:This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。3 .关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者 联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词可作主语、宾 语或定语,关系副词可作状语。(I)作主语:关
10、系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先 行词一致。如:I dont like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。The cars which arc produced in Hubci Province sell very well.湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。(2)作宾语:如:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。The book that my grandmother gave me is call
11、ed The Great Escape.奶奶给我的那本书叫大逃亡。(3)作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。如: Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。(4)作状语如:ril never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。This is
12、 the house where I was bom.这是我出生的那个房子。4 .具体使用时常见问题只能使用ihat,不用which的情况:(1)先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如:All that he said is true.所有他说的都是真的。(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词 修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which如:This is the only book that the old wom
13、an is interested in.这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如:It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如:This is the best book (that) I have read this year.这是我今年读过的最好的书。(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。如:He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他谈论他记起得的人和事。只能用which,不
14、能用that的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如:I will take this one, which was exactly what wc wanted.我想买这个,它确实是我想要的。(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。如:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。(3) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示 的整体概念或局部概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多 数情况下意思是与and this相似。如
15、:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.他在比赛中成功了,这使他父母很高兴。5 .牛刀小试(2022四川广元二模)Now China is one of the few nations can produce alarge number of COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗).A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when【答案】A【详解】句意:现在,中国是少数几个能够生产大量新冠疫苗的国家之一。考查定语从 句。that无实义;who谁;where在哪里;when何时。根据先行
16、词为nations”,且先行 词前有one of修饰,所以关系词应用thato应选A。1. (2022辽宁丹东模拟预测)What kind of job do you like?Oh, I prefer the job can make our city more beautiful.A. what B. whichC. whoseD. who【答案】B【详解】句意:你喜欢什么样的工作?哦,我更喜欢那种可以让我们的城市变 得更加漂亮的工作。考查定语从句。what什么,不可引导定语从句;which指代物,关 系代词;whose谁的,表示所属关系,关系代词;who指代人,关系代词。the job为
17、名 词,后接修饰它的定语从句,从句中缺少主语,说明引导词既指代物,又在从句中充当 主语,因此应用which来引导定语从句。应选B。2. (2022广西玉林二模)一We are proud of the great changes our country has hadthese years.Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. where【答案】A【详解】句意:我们为我们国家这些年发生的巨大变化感到自豪。一是的,许多村庄都呈现出新的面貌。考查定语从句关系词。先行词the greal chang
18、es”指物,在从句 中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。应选Ao(2022辽宁鞍山三模)一At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.一Yes. Il seems to be the best way of communication people like.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. that【答案】D【详解】句意:一目前,年轻人更喜欢微信与朋友保持联系。一对。这似乎是人们 喜欢的最好的沟通方式。考查定语从句。which指物,作主宾表;what不能引导定语从 句;who指
19、人,作主宾表;that指人或物,作主宾表。根据“the best way of communication.people likehJ,先行词way”指物,在从句中作“like”的宾语,它被最 高级“best”修饰,此时只能用that引导从句。应选D。3. (2022辽宁葫芦岛二模)The unforgettable experience we had in the summercamp makes us grow up.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom【答案】C【详解】句意:我们在夏令营的难忘经历使我们成长。考查定语从句。who关系代词, 先行词指人,在从句中作主语
20、或宾语;whose关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作 定语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语;句子先行词是“experience,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用 which/that 引导,应选 Co(2022辽宁葫芦岛三模)Do you like the novel?Yes, I do. It is the first one I have read three times.A. whoB. whenC. thatD. this【答案】C【详解】句意:你喜欢这本小说吗? 是的,我喜欢。这是我读了三遍的第一本 书。考查定语从句。
21、who指人,作主宾表;when指时间,作状语;that指人或物,作主 宾表;this不能引导定语从句。先行词是“one”,指代小说,在从句中作read的宾语, 且被序数词first修饰,此时只能用that引导从句。应选C。4. (2022吉林长春二模)Many people here like this beautiful park is full ofcolorful flowers.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】c【详解】句意:这里的许多人都喜欢这个美丽的公园,那里满是五颜六色的花。考查定 语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词park表示事物,分析句子结构,
22、定语从句缺少主 语,因此用关系代词which,应选C。5. (2022吉林长春模拟预测)I like books are about powerful and successfulpeople.A. whoseB. whatC. whoD. which【答案】D【详解】句意:我喜欢关于有权势和成功人士的书。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句, 先行词books指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词which来引导定语从句。应选D。6. (2022吉林长春 模)I really admire (hose volunteers can offer to help peoplein trouble.A. who
23、B. whichC. whomD. what【答案】A【详解】句意:我真的很佩服那些能帮助有困难的人的志愿者。考查定语从句的关系代 词。关系词who/whom引导定语从句,先行词是人,who在定语从句作主语,whom在 定语从句作宾语;which引导定语从句,先行词是物;what不可引导定语从句。此句是 定语从句,先行词those volunteers”是人,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who引 导此定语从句。应选A。10. (2022甘肃酒泉二模)一IheardthatAECM (抗疫表彰会) was held in Lanzhou on April 26lh.Yes. I really
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