备考2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题15-简单句.docx
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1、专题15.简单句2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:121.简单句的句型122 ,句子的种类13 3 .牛刀小试 18考情分析:简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型是英语学习的基础和重点,也是中考试卷的重点, 在书面表达、句子改写和翻译句子中都经常考查有关句子的知识;感叹句、疑问句、祈 使句更是单项选择和句型转换的重点。1.简单句的句型简单句就是句子只有一个主语和谓语,有五种基本句型:(1)主语+谓语:这种句型称为主谓结构(S+V),其谓语一般是不及物动词。如:The rain stopped.雨停了。Things have changed now.现在事情发生了变化。(2
2、)主语+连系动词+表语:这种句型称为主系表结构(S+L+P),连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,表语一般 是名词或者形容词。如:His father is a teacher.他的爸爸是老师。(表语是名词)Your mother is very young.你的妈妈很年轻。(表语是形容词)(3)主语+谓语+宾语:A. Yes, I doB. No, I dontC.On footD.By bus(2022甘肃一模)Please get yourself ready for the listening test,?A. shall weB. will youC.do youD.are you(2
3、022江苏南通中考真题)一 is the fashion show?In the school hall. The purpose of it is to raise money for a charity.A. WhereB. WhenC. HowD. Which(2022四川达州一模)一Henry has gone out.一Oh, has he? What time he?A. has; goneB. will; goC. did; goD. is; going(2022四川雅安一模)一Excuse me,is this hat?一Its 20 yuan.A. how muchB. ho
4、w manyC. how longD. how old(2022西藏拉萨二模)一? Ifs 889-6634.A. Is this your telephoneB. Whafs thatC. Whafs your phone numberD. How many phones do you have26. (2022西藏拉萨一模)Lefs meet outside the school gate,?A. will youB. wont youC. shall weD. shall you(2022,西藏拉萨一模)一How often do you watch TV?A. Two yearsB.
5、Once a week C. Last weekD. Next month(2022辽宁丹东模拟预测)sure that you put in as much effort as possible, or you will lose the chance.A. MakeB. MakingC. To makeD. Made(2022内蒙古包头一模)一Luke,cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.OK. Dont worry, Mom. I never break traffic rules.A. notB. cantC. wont
6、D. dont(2022吉林长春模拟预测)it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.A. ThinkingB. To thinkC. ThinkD. Thinks(2022黑龙江鸡西三模)trying and encouraging yourself if you want to succeed in something.A. To keepB. KeepingC. Keep(2022吉林长春一模)Mary, keep away from the fire,you will hurt yourself.A. andB. soC.
7、 butD. or(2022青海西宁市教育科学研究院一模)Hurry up,you will miss the bus.A. soB. orC. butD. and(20227可匕唐山一模)Hurry up,you may be late for school.A. andB. butC. orD. so(2022甘肃定西模拟预测)will Tina come back home?一In two months.A. How soonB. How oldC. How longD. How often.(2022吉林长春中考真题)Dont throw rubbish everywhere,our
8、environment will get worse.A. butB. soC. andD. or(2022全国八年级)Students listen to music while they are riding bikes on theroad.A. mustB. canC. needntD. shouldnt(2022安徽模拟预测)一Maybe we can* recognize (认出)Diana when we meet her at the airport.Dont wony! I know she yet for the past few years.A. didnt change
9、 B. won9t change C. hasnt changed D. wasn9t changing(2022重庆市杨家坪中学二模)一Li Xin has won the first prize in the competition.一 great girl she is! We are so proud of her.A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How(2022河北新河县教师开展中心二模)一We will have a two-month holiday after theexam.-exciting news!A. HowB. WhatC. How anD.
10、What an(2022辽宁辽宁二模)一 do I need to feed the little dog?一It must be given food every day to keep it alive.A. How longB. How oftenC. How much D. How soon(2022云南昆明二模)一 amazing robot it is!Yes. It has video cameras in its eyes, so it can “see” and communicate with people.A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an(
11、2022辽宁葫芦岛三模)touching TV play! It tells a story of a doctor.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a(2022安徽合肥市五十中学西校三模)一Do you know the high-speedrailway will be built between Wuhan and Shanghai?一In a few months.A. how longB. how farC. how oftenD. how soon(2022吉林长春三模) 一 meaningful it is to read news every day!
12、So it is. Reading news can help us understand the world better.A. How B. How a C. WhatD. What a专题15.简单句2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:121.简单句的句型122 ,句子的种类13 3 .牛刀小试 18考情分析:简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型是英语学习的基础和重点,也是中考试卷的重点, 在书面表达、句子改写和翻译句子中都经常考查有关句子的知识;感叹句、疑问句、祈 使句更是单项选择和句型转换的重点。1 .简单句的句型简单句就是句子只有一个主语和谓语,有五种基本句型:
13、(1)主语+谓语:这种句型称为主谓结构(S+V),其谓语一般是不及物动词。如:The rain stopped.雨停了。Things have changed now.现在事情发生了变化。(4)主语+连系动词+表语:这种句型称为主系表结构(S+L+P),连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,表语一般 是名词或者形容词。如:His father is a teacher.他的爸爸是老师。(表语是名词)Your mother is very young.你的妈妈很年轻。(表语是形容词)(5)主语+谓语+宾语:这种句型称为主谓宾结构(S+V+O),其谓语动词是及物动词,宾语一般是直接宾语。如:They
14、often speak English at the meeting.他们在会上经常说英语。The house caught fire.房子着火了。(5)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:这种句型称为主谓宾宾结构(S+V + O+O),其谓语动词必须是可以跟双宾语的动词,两个宾语中表示事物的是直接宾语,另一个表示人的是间接宾语。如:My father gave me a pen last night.昨天晚上我爸爸给我一支钢笔。I will write you a letter when I get there.我到那里儿时给你写信。(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:这种句型称为主谓宾及宾补结
15、构(S+V+O+C)其谓语动词必须是可以跟复合宾语的及 物动词。如:I find him very clever.我发现他很聪明。Your words make me angry.你的话让我很生气。2 .句子的种类句子按照其用途可以分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。(1)陈述句:用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。陈述句可以分为肯定句和否认句两种形式。如:They often go to school on foot.(肯定句)他们通常步行去上学。My father doesnt watch TV at home after supper.(否认句)我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。(2
16、)疑问句:用来提出疑问的句子。可以分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句 四种类型。2) 一般疑问句:能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes,否认回答用Noo一般疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+表语+ ?或者是:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓 语+?如: Are you a teacher?你是老师吗? Yes, I am.是的,我是。或: No, I am not.不,我不是。一Does your mother go shopping on Sunday?你妈妈星期天购物吗? Yes, she does.是的,她经常去购物。或: No, she doesnt.
17、不,她不经常去购物。一Must we go at once?我们必须立刻走吗?Yes, we must.是的,必须走。或: 一No, we neednt.不,没有必要。注意:一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否认的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so (我想是的),all right(好吧),certainly not(当然不是),not at all(一 点也不),never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有)fm afraid not(恐怕不是)等。2)特殊疑问句: 用来对句子的某一特殊局部提问的句子叫特
18、殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调。其结构 是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(+)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No,要根据询 问的内容具体回答。如: Where were you at that time?那时你在哪里?一I was at home.我在家。常用的疑问代词有who (谁),whom (谁),whose (谁的),which (哪一个),what (什 么);疑问副词有when (何时),where (何地),why (为什么),how (如何)以及“how+ 形容词”构成的短语。如:Who is your teacher?谁是你的老师?(指人,作主语)Whom did you telep
19、hone to just now?你刚才给谁打 ?(指人,作宾语)Whose coat is this?这是谁的大衣?(作定语)Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语)What class are you in?你在几班?(指物,作定语)When will you arrive?(提问时间)Where has he gone?(提问地点)Why are you late again?(提问原因)How do you often go to school? (提问方式)How far is it from your house to your sch
20、ool? (how far 提问总巨离)How often does he go to the French club? (how often 提问频率)4)选择疑问句:选择疑问句是提供两种或者两种以上的情况,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可以用一般疑 问句也可以用特殊疑问句,之间用连词or链接。选择疑问句不能用yes或者no来回答, 必须选择其中之一来回答。如:一Shall we go there by bus or on foot?我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去? 一Well go by bus.我们乘坐公共汽车去。一Which do you like better, tea or coffee?
21、茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种?一I like tea better.我更喜欢茶。4)反意疑问句:也叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句,对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提 出疑问或希望陈述句局部内容得到证实。结构为“肯定陈述句+否认问句+?”或“否认陈述 句+肯定问句+?如:You are coming, arent you?你会来的,是吗?You cant swim, can you?你不会游泳,对吗?Her brother went to college last year, didnt he?她哥哥去年上的大学,是不是?注意:陈述局部的主句带有 no, never, nothing, now
22、here, hardly, seldom, few, little 等否认词或 半否认词时,附加问句用肯定形式。如:You hardly speak English, do you?你几乎不能说英语,对吗?They have few friends here, do they?他们在这里几乎没有朋友,对吗?There be句型的反意疑问句,其附加问句仍用thereoThere will be a party tomorrow, wont there?明天有个晚会,是不是?陈述局部是一个主从复合句,附加问句一般要和主句一致。但是当陈述局部是“Im sure., Im afraid., I (do
23、nt) think / believe. + 宾语从句结构时,附加问句应与从句一 致,而且要注意否认转移现象。如:He said he was late fbr class, didnt he?他说他上课迟到了,是吗?I dont think he is good at math, is he?我认为他不擅长数学,是不是这样?(否认转移)反意疑问句的答语一般要根据事实用yes或no引导的简单问句回答,汉语的翻译有 时和英语不一致。如:一She cant swim, can she?她不会游泳,对吗?一Yes, she can.不,她会。一You werent here yesterday, a
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