江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题习题(有答案)(2).docx

《江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题习题(有答案)(2).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题三阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题习题(有答案)(2).docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第四讲词义猜想题一、题型解读词义猜想题是高考英语阅读理解题中一种常见的题型。通过 对近几年江苏高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可以看出，词义猜 测题一般有12题。常见的考查方式有：词义猜想题考点1猜想词义题考点2猜想短语题考点3猜想指代题考点4猜想句意题、设问方式词义猜想题着重考查考生根据上下文猜想词义的能力，这也 是一个从“”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的部 分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常 识和经验来猜想词义，常见的命题形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph meansWashington, D. C. Y

2、our guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability一and the cherry blossoms一disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration： 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular m

3、onuments in Washington, D. C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.Duration： 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike

4、tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(

5、路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration： 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D. C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill

6、and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光 的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。1. Which tour do you need to boo

7、k in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.答案A 细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一 句 uReserve your spot before availability一and the cherry blossoms一disappea

8、r可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预 订。2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.答案D 细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的 Knowledgeable guides. . . memorials, and parks” 可矢口, 选择 这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。3. Which of the following

9、 does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals. D. Safety lights.答案D 细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据 该段介绍的最后一句 “All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知,该路线为夜间骑 车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。B（2018 苏北四市高三第一次调研）The Chocolate MuseumThe story of chocolate through the ages E

10、xperience chocolate-making from cocoa bean to chocolate bar Enjoy the smell, taste and texture of freshly made chocolateOpening hoursTues一Fri10 am to 6 pmSat&Sun + public holidays 11 am to 7 pmClosed on Mondays, Christmas Day and during Carnival week.Entrance feesAdults $6. 00Concessions (over 65 ye

11、ars old) $3. 00Groups (of 15 people or more) $5. 00More than a museum!The Panorama Restaurant can cater for all your corporate events: business lunches, anniversaries, weddings and parties. Groups of 30-300 people are welcome.Welcome To Auckland Museum “Nau mai haere mai”Auckland Museum has a consta

12、ntly changing feast of fresh events and new exhibitions reflecting theculture of New Zealand. This year is no exception.Click here to find out more Latest newsBe inspired by the da Vinci Machines exhibition and design and build your own original flying machine. The best entry will win the budding in

13、ventor a helicopter ride over Auckland for a family of four.Avoid the traffic, enjoy hassle-free parking and view the exhibits in peace and quiet on Wednesday evenings! Open till 7： 30 pm.From 28 November until 4 March there will be no public access to the Reading Room.Click here to find out more Mu

14、seum opening hours10 am-5 pm daily (except Christmas Day)4.If 16 adults, including 3 aged 70, plan to visit the Chocolate Museum, how much should they pay at least?A. $69.B. $78.C. $80.D. $87.答案B 数字计算题。根据第一小篇Entrance fees中的 信息可知，成年人$6/位，大于65岁的人优惠价$3/位，大于等于 15人以上的团队$5/位，题中可知为16人团队且有3名大于65岁 的人，那么为满足15

15、人团队的15名成员*团队价$5 +剩下的一名大 于65岁者*优惠价$3 = 78元。应选B。5.According to the information of Auckland Museum, we know that .A. it opens from 10 am to 5 pm every dayit has a feast of fresh events except this yearB. the winner will fly a helicopter as a rewardthe museum focuses on New Zealand s culture答案D 根据第二小篇，由

16、最后一句括号中except Christmas Day 排除 A,由第一段最后一句 This year is no exception 排除 B,由 Latest news 中段一第二行 “a helicopter ride”与选项中“helicopter”冲突，一个是直升机旅行，一个 是直升机，需要仔细理解，排除C。再看段一中the culture of New Zealand符合D选项，应选D。：题组二记叙文A（2018 天津高考）When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once t

17、he home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address? ” No, but I 11 recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” Which of the foll

18、owing words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “hunch“ in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ” . What does the phrase “knock off” in Paragraph 1 mean? The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means The word it” in the last sentence refer

19、s to “ ，三、常见生词类型在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的 “绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1 .旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义，如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation, s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上 下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是“车 道”或“跑道”的意思。2 .合成词、转化词与派生词,如sho

20、plifting, heartbroken, computer-literate, decision-thinking, imperfect 等；3 .“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语 境才能正确理解；4 .“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些 带有一定的文化背景；.超纲生词。考点精讲I猜想词义题典例（2017 全国卷HI 阅读C）Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they

21、 were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.29 . What does the underlined word “displaced” inParagr-aph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Se

22、parated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.答案c 词义猜想题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的 开展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被 人类排挤走了。【技巧点拨】如何解决词义猜想题？1 .根据定义猜想词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语（同位语 前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or rather, say等）或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折 号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定 义或解释就是在理解词义。2 .根据比照、比拟关系猜想词义。在一个句子

23、或段落中如有 对两个事物或两种现象的比照性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面 猜想其词义。表示比照关系的词语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示比照关 系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比拟关系的词语主要 有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。3 .通过构词法猜想词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部 分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思;(2)不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的

24、意思。猜想短语题典例(2017 江苏高考阅读B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in TheAuk： OrnithologicalAdv

25、ances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch（孵化）.New-born chicks can then imitate their mom s call within a few days of entering the world.58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ ，A. be the worst B. be the bestC. be just as bad D. be just as good答案B 本段一开始提到婴儿

26、在区分母亲的声音方面能力 非常强，然后用了一个转折连词“But”，说明其后的内容“鸟类 在胎教方面”应该是做得最好。应选B。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜想短语题？猜想短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文 进一步的表达来猜想它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思 相反的内容来猜想其语意。猜想指代题典例（2017 全国卷I 阅读C）Some of the world s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jaz

27、z Day. UNESCO（United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（联合）voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to sh

28、rink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It s Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29.What doe

29、s the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.答案c 代词指代题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrin

30、k and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations 可知尽管 UNESCO 为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年 龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It S Jason Morans job to help change that （是 Jason Moran 的工 作帮助改变那一情况）可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻 一代人中失去吸引力的现象。应选C。【技巧点拨】如何解决猜想指代题？此类题目应注意代词指代的总原那么一一代词通常指代上文已 提到的内

31、容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方 面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体 意思，问题才能迎刃而解。猜想句意趣典例（2017 江苏高考阅读D）When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting

32、set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that： ”There is no one- size fits all adaptation. Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.65 .The underlined part in Paragraph 2 impliesA.adaptation is an ever-changin

33、g process66 the cost of adaptation varies with timeglobal warming affects adaptation formsC. adaptation to climate change is challenging答案 A 根据上文中的“We are therefore. . . but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.” 可矢口， 对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线 局部表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。此题采取的是 重述的方法。应选A。【技巧

34、点拨】如何解决猜想句意题？此类题目通常需要猜想意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或 是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对原句进行语法和 词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比拟，不难找出正确选 项。一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只不过 是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。跟踪练习题组一应用文A（2018 全国卷I ）Washington, D. C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.Duration： 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of