外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 3Dealing with AIDS - Lecture Notes.docx

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1、Unit ThreeText I Dealing With AIDSSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Lead-inDo the quiz given below to test your knowledge on AIDS. Write T for true statements and F for false statements.1. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, and anyone, not just homosexuals, could be at risk. T AIDS is caused by a

2、 virus called HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It remains a threat to people of all ages and nationalities, though the first AIDS patients in America and Europe were almost exclusively male homosexuals.2. People can prevent HIV and AIDS by getting a vaccine （疫苗）.FThere is no HIV vaccine. HIV i

3、s a very small virus, which can generate minor variations that can evade the bodys immunologic defenses, which makes it difficult to produce an effective vaccine. The mutations also allow HIV to become resistant to medications.3. HIV is difficult to detect immediately after it is passed to someone.

4、TThe virus will multiply in the body for a few weeks or even months before the immune system responds. During this initial period a person wont test positive fbr HIV. As it responds, the immune system starts to make antibodies. When this happens, one will test positive for HIV. The period between th

5、e original infection and the appearance of detectable antibodies in the virus, is normally a period of about 14-21 days, or may be up to three months.4. HIV is passed on in body fluids （blood or semen） from an infected person. TOne can only obtain HIV if he/she gets infected blood or sexual fluids i

6、nside the body. This can happen through an open sore or wound, during sexual activity, or by sharing a needle with someone who is infected. HIV can also be spread from a mother to a child during pregnancy or delivery.5. The virus can be spread by casual contact with people who are HIV-infected, such

7、 as handshaking or drinking from the same cup. FThe AIDS virus cannot be spread by casual physical contact like handshaking. The virus has been found in saliva （唾液），but it exists there in such low concentrations that transmission is extremely rare. Medical research also shows that saliva contains ch

8、emicals that can help kill HIV in the mouth. Therefore, one cannot be infected by drinking from the same cup as used by someone with HIV.6. Cats, dogs, and other domestic animals are not a source of infection, but transmission by insects, such as mosquitoes, is a means by which the virus can be acqu

9、ired. Finvincibility n.Activity: Sentence MakingDirection： You are supposed to make sentences by using the following words as many as possible.strengthen, bond, mature, invincible, carefreeSentences:1. Dealing with AIDS strengthens the bond of friendship, encourages emotional and mature growth. (Par

10、agraph 1)Explanation: AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (获得性免疫缺损 综合症).Paraphrase: Taking action against AIDS can make friendship deeper and stimulate physical and mental growth.77mls及力0：抵抗艾滋病可以加深友谊，增进情感交流，促进心智健康。2. Before the sixteenth of October 1995,1 was the most carefree

11、 person in the world.Paraphrase: Before the sixteenth of October 1995,1 had no worries and responsibilities. Translation9.在1995年10月16日之前，我生活得无忧无虑。3. We were invincible. That is, until the word AIDS came into my life.Paraphrase*. Nothing could defeat us. I thought we were unconquerable before I under

12、stood what a fatal disease AIDS was.Translation:我们是不可战胜的，直到艾滋病这个词进入了我的生活。Paragraphs 2-4Questions:1. Why did David hang up on the author? (Paragraph 2)A: Suffering terribly from AIDS, David realized that he was dying, which would make his friend bitterly sad about his illness. And David did not want

13、to run the risk of giving the infectious disease to his best friend. So he cut off all communication with even his best friend.2. How did David, the writers friend, catch AIDS? (Paragraph 3)A: David had had unprotected sex once. Thus, he caught AIDS.3. What attitude did the writer adopt towards Davi

14、d? (Paragraph 4)A: The writer adopted a friendly attitude towards David. Because their friendship meant everything to David, he couldnt turn his back on David when he needed him the most.4. How did other people react to Davids illness when it was made known? (Paragraph 4)A: Other people looked at hi

15、m as if he had a plague, and the writers and Davids friends from school wanted nothing to do with him and even with the writer.Words and Expressionshang out: to spend a lot of time in a place or with someone e.g. They normally hang out in the pub.他们经常在酒吧里鬼混。Where have you been hanging out these days

16、?你这些日子里都在什么地方？She used to hang out with her good friends in the woods.她过去经常和好朋友去树林里溜达。6. confront： vt. to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or person e.g. A soldier often has to confront dangers.士兵常常要身临险境。They confronted the prisoner with his accusers.他们让犯人与原告对质。Synonyms:face, encounter,

17、 meetComparison: meet, encounter, face, confrontmeet： to experience somethinge.g. Ive never met that kind of problem/system before.He met his death (= he died) in the icy waters of the South Atlantic, encounter: (formal) to meet someone unexpectedly; to meet a difficulty or setback e.g. On their way

18、 home they encountered a woman selling flowers.One rainy night the policeman had a chance encounter with a gang of smugglers. 在一个雨夜，那个警察正巧碰上了一伙走私犯。confront： vt. to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or person bravely e.g. We must confront future with optimism.We are learning how to confro

19、nt death.我们在学习如何正视死亡。face: If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it.e.g. This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers.Youre faced with a very difficult choice there.Derivations:confrontation: n. a fight or argumentconfrontational: adjCollocation:be confron

20、ted with: face a difficulty or something bade.g. The new system will be confronted with great difficulties at the start.这种新制度一开始将会面临很大困难。She was confronted with severe money problems.她面临严重的资金问题break down:.1) to be unable to control your feelings and to start to cry e.g. He broke down and wept when h

21、e heard the news. 他听到这个消息，不禁失声痛哭。2) If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working.e.g. The telephone system has broken down. 系统失灵了。3) to collapse, fail to function or operatee.g. Our air-conditioner broke down on the hottest day of this year.今年最热的时候，我们的空调坏了。7. affect: vt. to have an influenc

22、e on someone or something, or to cause them to changee.g. Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.The divorce affected every aspect of her life.Its a disease which affects mainly older people.Synonym:influenceComparison: affect, influenceaffect: It usually refers to something produces negativ

23、e effect on somebody.e.g. The climate affected his health.气候影响了他的健康。He was much affected by the sad news.这个悲伤的消息使他深受影响。influence: It usually refers to the imperceptible effect on ones personality, thought or behavior, sometimes it also refers to the effect produced by the natural power.e.g. Dont let

24、 me influence your decision.不要让我影响你的决定。Derivations:affection n.affective adj.8. make sense: to be reasonable or logical or comprehensiblee.g. When I help you to make sense of your life, all my life makes sense!如果我可以让你的生命有意义，那么我的整个生命都充满了意义！His argument does not make sense.他的争论没有意义。9. handle: vt. to d

25、eal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge ofe.g. A good teacher knows how to handle the students一个好老师懂得如何区别对待学生。An officer must know how to handle his men.当军官的应懂得如何统率士兵。You are the only one who can handle the matter.你是唯一能处理这件事的人。Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how

26、 to handle (= behave with) other people.Synonyms:cope with, deal with, tacklekeep up: to be able to understand or deal with something that is happening or changing very faste.g. I read the papers to keep up with whafs happening in the outside world.I think its difficult to keep up with the recent de

27、velopment.Synonym:followCollocation:keep up with:1) If someone or something keeps up with someone or something else, they do whatever is necessary to stay level or equal with that person or thing.e.g. He started to walk faster and the children had to run to keep up with him.Wages are failing to keep

28、 up with inflation.2) to change your ideas, opinions or way of living or working to make them moderne.g. I dont really like working on a computer, but I have to keep up with the times, I suppose.10. stick it out: to continue to the end of a difficult or unpleasant situatione.g. He hates the job but

29、hes determined to stick it out because he needs the money.他讨厌那工作但因为需要钱，只好横下心干下去。I know things are difficult at the moment, but if we just stick it out, Im sure everything will be OK in the end.11. blame: vt. to say or think that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for somethin

30、g bad happeninge.g. The driver was not to blame for the accident.这次事故不能怪司机。Synonyms:condemn, accuse, find fault withCollocations:blame sb. for sth./doing sth.: find fault with; censure 指责blame sth. on sb.: place responsibility for sth. 把 归咎于Translation:1 .许多孩子害怕讲英语犯错误而受责备。Many children are afraid of

31、 being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.2 .警察认为那起交通事故是因为杰克开车粗心大意。The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.Activity: Story MakingDirection： The class is divided into several groups. Each group is supposed to make a story of a person they happened to know and who

32、was confronted with trouble and finally went through it with great efforts.Words and phrases to be used:hang out confront break down affect make sense handle keep up stick it out blameSentences:4. so once again I blew it off. (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase: so once again I didnt take it seriously.Translati

33、on:所以我又一次没在意这事。5. Then I felt so bad that we had grown so far apart.Paraphrase: Then I felt extremely sorry that we were no longer such good friends as we had been.Translationt.之后我对于我们变得如此疏远而感到悲伤。6. David had had unprotected sex once and now had to pay with his life.Paraphrase: David had had sex wit

34、h a girl once without taking any precautious measures. As a result, he contracted AIDS. And most probably he would have to bear the fatal consequence. In other words, now his life is being threatened as a result of his own irresponsible behavior.Translation:戴维曾经有过一次未采取保护措施的性行为，而现在他要为此付出生命的代 价。7. Whe

35、n things had gone wrong before this, I could always rely on my parents to make things better. There was nothing that they could do this time. I had to handle it all on my own. (Paragraph 3)Paraphrase: When I had troubles before this, I could always ask for help from my parents to make things better.

36、 I had to cope with it completely by myself. /1 had to deal with it all alone, since my parents could do nothing about it this time.Translation:在这之前，假设出了什么过失，我总可以向父母求助，使事情转危为安，可这一 次他们也无能为力，我不得不自己应对这一切。8. There was no use in hiding it; sooner or later people wound find out. (Paragraph 4) Translation:

37、隐瞒病情是没用的，人们迟早会发现真相。9. Once again I was growing up and realized that our friendship meant everything to me.Paraphrase: Once again I was growing up and became aware that our friendship was of the greatest importance to me.Translation:我又一次长大了，并意识到我们的友谊对我来说意味着一切。10. Also, I could not turn my back on him

38、 when he needed me the most. (Paragraph 4) Paraphrase: When he needs my help, I could not just leave him alone.Translation:而且，在他最需要我的时刻，我不能弃他于不顾。11. . I stuck it out.Paraphrase: . despite the fact that I might lose most of my friends, I showed a strong will, maintained close contact with David, and

39、lent him help whenever necessary.Translation: .我坚持到最后12.1 was being treated this way because teenagers are not used to dealing with situations like this, and dont know how to react.Translation:我之所以被这样对待，是因为十几岁的青少年还不习惯处理这种情况，不知道 如何应对。13. So how could I blame them since I would have done the same thin

40、g?Paraphrase: So how could I consider them to be unfriendly? I would have acted in the same manner if I had been one of them.Translation:既然我也有可能做出同样的事情，我又怎么能责备他们呢?Paragraphs 5-7Questions:1. What did David say to the writer one day in the hospital? (Paragraph 7)A: David said to the writer one day in

41、the hospital, Faye, I am dying; lets accept that and deal with it. I know what I did was wrong and now I have to deal with it. All I want you to do is to remember me, enjoy life and be careful.2. How did the writer take care of his friend David? (Paragraph 5/6/7)A: The writer maintained an active at

42、titude for the sake of his friend David and showed great concern for him. To be more specific, the writer contained his emotions in front of his friend; he went to see one doctor after another with him, brought him stuff from the oceanhis favorite place; he spent every hour he could accompanying his

43、 friend in the hospital, where David was being treated until his last breath.3. Suppose that David were recovered from AIDS, what attitude would he take towards life?Open question.Words and Expressionsgo through: to experience a difficult or unpleasant situatione.g. Hes amazingly cheerful considerin

44、g all that hes gone through.没想到他有过那么多的经历后还如此乐天达观，真是令人惊叹。The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。How can she keep smiling after what shes gone through?她在经历了这一切之后，怎么还能保持满脸笑容？15. for ones sake/ for the sake of: in order to help or bring advantage to someone e.g. Dont inconvenience yours

45、elf for my sake.请不必为我麻烦。Please do it, for Davids sake.Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.16. stress:(1) great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something which causes this conditione.g. People under a lot of stress may experience headaches, minor pains and sleepi

46、ng difficulties.I cant bear the stresses and strains of modern life.我不能忍受现代生活的紧张和压力。(2) emphasise.g. During his speech, he laid particular stress on the freedom of the press.他在发言中特别强调了新闻自由.Synonyms:strain, pressure, tension, emphasisdo sb. good: to benefit sb.e.g. Exercise will do you good.运动对你有好处。E

47、at more fruit-it will do you good.多吃水果，这对你有好处。A weeks vacation will do you a lot of good.休假一周对你有很多益处。Antonym:do harm to sb.: to be harmful to sb.e.g. Smoking does harm to your health.吸烟对你的身体有害。Being exposed to sunlight for much time will do harm to one*s skin.17. bedridden: adj. confined to bed (by

48、illness)e.g. I have to stay where I am. From now on Im bed-ridden. Im under doctors orders.我要留在这里，从现在开始我要遵从医嘱卧床休息。18. keep sth. in: to conceal or hide an emotion; to restrain sth.e.g. He could scarcely keep his indignation in.他愤怒得难以自持。Hearing the news that she had been admitted by the university, she could hardly keep her excitement in.她听到自己被这所大学录取的消息，难掩内心的激动。19. maintain: vt.1) to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become lessE.g. The ar