2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit1PeopleOfAchievement单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第一册.docx

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1、UNIT 1单元主题训练I .阅读理解ASome of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men，s contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organised

2、 in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.Marie Curie (1867-1934)Famous For: Work on radioactivityMarie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium a

3、nd her work helped with the creation of X-rays.Jane Goodall (1934)Famous For: Primate (灵长类)studiesJane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social live

4、s of these animals in Tanzania.Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909 2012)Famous For: Nerve growth studiesRita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家)who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her

5、100th birthday.Lise Meitner (18781968)Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physicsLise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂 变) One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didn，t get the award is considered to be a

6、 huge error by the Nobel committee.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了 4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得 的成就和影响。1. Who is still contributing to the world?A. Marie Curie.B. Jane Goodall.C. Rita Levi-Montalcini.D. Lise Meitner.With strong will and great determination, Madame Curie achieved great success in discovering radium, whic

7、h enabled her to win the Nobel Prize. It is because she has made great contributions to the world of science that she is regarded as one of the greatest female scientists on account of what she did.解析：选B细节理解题。根据每个人物后面跟的时间可知，Jane Goodall出生于1934 年，而后面没有给出去世时间，说明仍在为世界做贡献。应选B。2. What did Rita Levi-Monta

8、lcini research on?A. Nerve growth.B. The wildlife.C. Nuclear explosion.D. Radioactivity.解析:选A 细节理解题。根据 Rita Levi-Montalcini （1909 2012）局部中“Famous For: Nerve growth studies” 可知,Rita Levi-Montalcini 研究的是神经发育。应选 A。3. What do we know about Lise Meitner?A. She was awarded the Nobel Prize.B. She made a bi

9、g mistake in her work.C. She did lots of studies about nerve growth.D. She made great contributions to nuclear physics.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据 Lise Meitner （1878 1968）局部中 uFamous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics”可知，因为研究放射性和核物理而知名。由此可 知，Lise Meitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。应选D。BWith the world，s attention

10、on vaccines （疫苗），now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wort ley Montagu got her daughter inoculated （接种）against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected

11、in this way. Without Montagu，s willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probabl

12、y in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus （脓）from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on peoples wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infe

13、ction.Like other visitors to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her daughter was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors professional standing and potentially r

14、ob them of valuable income. Some people also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because

15、 she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpo

16、x completely. As early as last century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的Mary Wort ley Montagu在土耳其目 睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重 重阻力，终于成功接

17、种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。4. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The origin of smallpox inoculation.B. Montagus first access to inoculation.C. The benefits from smallpox inoculation.D. Turkish women，s invention of inoculation.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述了 Montagu在土耳其目 睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。5. Montagu fou

18、nd it difficult to try inoculation in England because .A. it was against human natureB. it might harm doctors， interestsC. it was beyond doctors， abilitiesI), it might shake some people* s belief解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威 胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们珍贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难 是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。6. Wh

19、at led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation?A. The increased severity of smallpox infections.B. A physicians discovery of smallpox vaccines.C. The result of Montagus daughters inoculation.D. Montagus focus on its rewards rather than its risks.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段平安时间过后,Montagu同意医生为她的女儿

20、进行检查。再根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种 天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受 这一尝试。故C项正确。7. What might be the best title of the text?A. An Unsung HeroB. No Limit to CreationC. Development of VaccinesI）. A Historic Medical Innovation解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。 她勇敢地给她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了

21、天花疫苗的接种。 故A项最适合作为本文标题。H.阅读七选五2022 山西省八校高三第一次联考 Excellence is a form of currency （通货）. While a commitment to excellence can help you gain true wealth and realize the inbuilt value of your potential, a lack of commitment devalues potential and reputation.If you are to become the person you meant to be

22、 on the day you were born, do whatever you do with all your might. g If you accept being average and ordinary, life will make you average and ordinary.g But it has everything to do with decision, commitment and action. And excellence is a destination for anyone who appreciates, respects, and demonst

23、rates hard work and good judgement!We all have a range of career choices and opportunities. But we expand the range and quality of our choices when we practise excellence. 10 So attempt to make every opportunity one of importance because every opportunity counts.What is considered excellent today wi

24、ll become the minimum cost of admission tomorrow. 11 Obviously, the bar is constantly being raised. If you don，t produce excellent results consistently, someone else will.There is no mercy period for averageness, and you must have a zero tolerance policy for it. People expect the best. 12 So never r

25、elax the rules of excellence. When you face quality, you suffer physical and emotional withdrawal from your goals. You should have the belief that the efficiency of your business and life are infinite （无限的），that everything can be improved upon, and that every project can be completed in an excellent

26、 fashion. Why? Because when it comes to excellence, everything counts!A. Being average is a choice.B. You，re only as good as your last performance.C. It creates confidence and enhances peace of mind.D And we reduce them when we accept being average.E. If they cant get it from you, they，11 find it el

27、sewhere.F You will never live longer than its importance and usefulness.G. Being world-class has nothing to do with size, education, or bloodline.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了卓越的重要性，并介绍了追求卓越的方 法。8 .选A根据空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活将会使你变得普通和平凡。 这是对设空处的解释说明，故设空处的内容与“平凡”有关，A项中的average和设空后的 aaverage and ordinary” 相呼应。9

28、.选G空后的But说明设空处和空后一句之间是转折关系。G项中的“has nothing to do with ”和下文“has everything to do with”形成比照。应选G项。10 .选D空后的So说明设空处和下文是因果关系，D项即是设空处后一句的原因，同 时 D 项中的 them 指代前面提到的 “the range and quality of our choices”，reduce 也 与前面的expand形成比照。应选D项。11 .选B根据空后两句可知，显然，标准在不断提高。如果你不能持续创造出色的结 果，其他人会。这说明只有不断提高，才能变得卓越。应选B项。12 .选

29、E空后的So说明前后是因果关系，设空处强调原因，再结合空前一句（人们期 盼最好的）可知，E项（如果人们无法从你身上获取最好的，他们就会另觅他处）符合语境。III.完形填空The past 10 months has been the most influential months of my life.As a junior, I left my comfortable home in Illinois and 13 going to the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona. There I attended a local poorly-equipp

30、ed school and 14 for an adventure. I experienced so many 15 when I arrived, fighting each day to 16 in a new social environment 一 overcoming racial differences, handling social 17During the summer vacation I _18 to be a counselor （顾问）at an Easter Seals camp for people with19 needs who require assist

31、ance because of disabilitiesand improve their ability to do things alone. It was the most tiring work Id ever experienced but the most?0. I knew that Id helped improve over 850 campers21 .As the new school year began, our department had a renovation （翻新）.I offered to help clean up all the 22 books.

32、Instead of recycling hundreds of those books, I 23 the department that the books could serve a higher 24 . This simple act resulted in an all-out book drive benefiting the schools in Arizona.The 10-month experience in Arizona 25 me greatly. It made me become a person with patience, appreciation, det

33、ermination, and 26 enthusiasm. I trust that it is through enthusiasm, ideas and action that all changes can 27 .语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者离开家乡前往异地学习的经历让他收获了耐心、感 恩、决心以及对生活的热情。13. A.requiredB. riskedC. escapedD. considered解析：选B 根据上文中的uleft my comfortable home”及下文中的“an adventuren 可知，作者离开舒适的家，踏上了前往纳瓦霍印第安人保存地的冒险旅途

34、。risk “冒险”， 符合语境。14. A.settled onB. settled backC. settled upD. settled in解析：选 D 根据上文中的 uThere I attended a local poorly-equipped school” 及下文内容可知，作者在当地上了学，安排了下来。settle in “安排下来”，符合语境。15. A. pleasuresB. wondersC. blowsD. burdens解析:选C根据下文中的fighting each day”等信息可知,作者刚到纳瓦霍印第 安人保存地时，经历了许多打击。blow在这里表示“打击，

35、挫折”，属于“熟词生义乙16. A.surviveB. succeedC. recoverD. return解析：选A根据上下文可知，此处指作者不得不每天为自己能在新的社会环境中生存 下去而奋斗。survive “生存”，符合语境。17. A.casesB. communicationsC. conflictsD. responsibilities解析：选 C 根据上文中的 overcoming racial differences, handling social” 可 知，此处指除了要克服种族差异外，作者还需应对社会冲突。conflict “冲突”，符合语境。18. A. promised

36、B. decidedC. affordedD. learned解析：选B根据下文可知，作者决定去做夏令营顾问。decide “决定”，符合语境。B. normal19. A.basicC. specialD. natural解析：选 C 根据下文中的 “who require assistance because of disabilities 可 知，来参加夏令营的人是有特殊需求的人。special “特殊的，符合语境。20. A. interestingB. rewardingC. demandingD. appealing解析：选 B 根据下文中的“I knew that Id help

37、ed improve over 850 campers 及空前的“tiring”可知，此处指这是作者做过的最累人却最有意义的工作。rewarding “有 意义的，值得做的，符合语境。21. A. patienceB. independenceC. intelligenceD. confidence解析：选B 根据上文中的“their ability to do things alone”可知，作者帮助那 些参加夏令营的人变得更加独立。independence “独立，符合语境。22. A. unturnedB. valuableC. usefulD. unwanted解析：选D 根据下文中的

38、“recycling hundreds of those books”可知，新学年伊 始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主动提出帮助把多余的书处理掉。unwanted 不需要的；多 余的，符合语境。23. A. remindedB. comfortedC. informedD. convinced解析：选D根据下文可知，作者使系里相信这些书可以有更重要的用途。convince”使 相信”，符合语境。24. A. planB.targetC. purposeD.standard解析：选C参见上题解析。purpose “用途”，符合语境。25. A. transformedB.defeatedC. tr

39、ickedD.impressed解析：选A根据下文中的It made me . enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历改变了 作者。transform “使改变，符合语境。26. A. after allB. above allC. at largeD. at least解析：选B 根据语境及下文中的“I trust that it is through enthusiasm”可知, 10个月的经历让作者变得有耐心、懂得感恩、有决心，最重要的是，变得热情。above all “最重要的是，尤其是，符合语境。B. spread27. A.helpD. occurC. matter解析：选D作

40、者相信拥有了对生活的热情、想法以及付诸行动，所有改变都会出现。 occur ”发生；出现。符合语境。IV .语法填空2022 贵阳市四校高三联考 Genetic modification (基因改造)is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells.Genetically modified crops are plants with DNA 1 has been modified using genetic engineering methods. Valuable qualities are added t

41、o the crops, including 2 (improve) production, better nutritional value and resistance to drought, frost, or pests.Genetically modified animals came later. In 1996, British scientists 3 (clone) a sheep named Dolly. In 2012, _4_ (produce) milk that is more nutritious and will not make people allergic

42、, a company in New Zealand engineered a cow.If you think the next thing on the way is 立 (probable) genetically modifying human babies, youd be right. There is g (increase) debate about udesigner babies， which are human babies that have been genetically modified. Modifications can Z (do) to fix genet

43、ic defects (缺陷)，prevent life-threatening diseases, or produce desirable qualities.This technology leads to heated debate, because 8 is the potential possibility of producing genetically modified “supermen” to replace modern humans. The US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hav

44、e released a report on the topic of genetic engineering in human babies. The 9 (conclude) was that scientists should be allowed to modify the human DNA to prevent serious genetic diseases. But it recommends restricting genetic modifications to severe medical conditions for which no other treatment e

45、xists. It also appeals for international cooperation, which means someone must be responsible 10 making sure all are following the rules.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基因改造是一套用于改变细胞的基因组成的技术。本文 介绍了基因改造的开展及其引起的争论等相关内容。1. which/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从 句中作主语，修饰先行词DNA,所以填which/that。2. improved考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，

46、空处修饰名词production,表示 已完成的动作，故用过去分词作定语，所以填improved。3. cloned考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处应为句子谓语；根据时间状语In1996可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，所以填cloned。4. to produce考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表示目的, 故用不定式作目的状语，所以填to produceo5. probably考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式作状语，所以填 probablyo6. increasing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词debate,表示正 在进行的动作，故

47、用现在分词作定语，所以填increasing。7. be done考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知，空处与can构成句子的谓语，动词 do和句子主语Modifications构成被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填be done。8. there考查固定句型。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处为there be句型，表 示“有”,所以填there。9. conclusion考查名词。空处应用名词作主语，又与主句谓语was呼应，所以填 conclusiono10. for考查介词。be responsible for.是固定搭配,表示“对负责”，所以填 for。V.应用文写作请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人

48、物。姓名Marie Curie(Madame Curie)出生日期1867年11月7日出生地波兰一个知识分子家庭兴趣爱好自幼对物理及阅读很感兴趣性格特征意志坚强，有决心教育经历当时波兰不允许女子上大学，她去法国深造并获得物理学位人生态度弱者等待时机，强者创造时机主要成就发现镭，获得诺贝尔奖评价对科学界做出巨大贡献，被认为是最伟大的女性科学家之一参考范文：Born in an intellectual family in Poland on November 7, 1867, Marie Curie, also known as Madame Curie, showed great interest in physics when she was young.Because of having no chance of being admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, she went to France for further studies and received a degree