北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、海淀区2022年高二年级学业水平调研英语本试卷共8页，共四大局部，58道小题，总分值100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂 或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一局部：听力理解（共三节，20分）第一节（共4小题；每题1分，共4分）听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。 听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，每题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。 每段对话你将听一遍。1. Which club will the woman choose?A. The Basketball Team. B. The Roboti

2、cs Club. C. The Hip-hop Dancing Club.2. What is the woman?A. A musician. B. An architect. C. An accountant.3. Whats the man doing?A. Offering suggestions. B. Asking for help. C. Making requests.4. Where are probably the two speakers?A. At home. B. In a garage. C. In a hospital.第二节（共10小题；每题1分，共10分）听下

3、面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，每题将 给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。5. What docs the woman complain about her fridge?A. The door wont shut. B. The alarm doesnt beep. C. It doesnt get cold.6. What will the woman probably do next?A. Wait fbr the repai

4、rman （o come. B. Send the fridge to the cenlre. C. Make another urgent call.听第6段材料，回答第7至8题。7. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. The womans interests. B. The womans future job. C. The womans school work.8. What docs the man advise the woman to do?这种联系。）”以及前文内容的表达可知作者写这篇文章的目的是为了纪念自己的母亲。应选D

5、项。BAbsence of evidence is not the same thing as evidence of absence. But if you try to find the difference and keep failing to get it, you can be forgiven. And so it is with the complicated subject of explicit （明确的）grammar teaching in schools, and its link with improved writing ability.A recent stud

6、y, like nearly all previous studies on this subject, found that teaching kids how to label the bits and pieces in a sentence does not make them better writers. Other observers may begin to wonder whether the National Curriculum, which since 2014 has made grammar such a central part of its English pr

7、ogramme, might have gone down a blind alley.The promoter of （he curriculum, a former secretary of education, Michael Gove, insisted on the insertion of personal preference into the grammar cumculum, notably the subjunctive form, ktIf I were”. Mention of his name alone wrinkles many teachers noses pa

8、rtly because some of them were hardly prepared to teach the new material themselves after decades in which grammar was largely absent from classrooms.in reflection, it seems unsurprising that learning to underline a modal verb, such as “can”，“should” and “may”, does little to help students use them

9、effectively in their own writing. These words are anyway grasped by tiny children without the need to know what they are called. This may lead to the conclusion that the teaching of grammar should be shelved altogether. However, it shouldnt be abandoned, though it should be reformed.There are practi

10、cal reasons for teaching and learning grammar. One is that an explicit knowledge of it will make learning a foreign language easier. If you did intuit （直觉上知道）how to make subordinate clauses in your mother tongue, getting to grasp them in a foreign language in later years is simpler if you know how t

11、o define and spot them.For grammarians keen on the jobs of the future, the field of natural language processing is booming. Technological talents have invented programs for automated translation, speech recognition and other services that are actually usable, even if far from perfect. These tools ma

12、y rely more on knowledge of AI than of grammar, but linguistic expertise （专门技能）still mailers.Grammar could still be taught better. One small study showed improvement in some students when concepts were linked concretely to writing tasks. Therefore, the science of how words combine to make meaning is

13、 fascinating as well as fundamental.24. What do many teachers think of Michael Goves idea?A. They are in support of his claim.B. They show disagreement with his idea.C. They have no comments on his philosophy.D. They are prepared to teach the new materials.25. What can we learn from this passage?A.

14、Mother tongue grammar contributes to foreign language learning.B. Grammar is taught better in writing than in other areas of teaching.C. Natural language processing is strongly supported by grammarians.D. Grammar knowledge is no longer needed with the development of ALWhat can be the best title of t

15、he passage?A. Grammar - To Teach or Not to TeachHow Could Grammar Be Taught BetterB. Why Learn Foreign Language GrammarMother Tongue Grammar Important or Not【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就是否应该进行语法教学进行了阐述，指出语法教学不应该被抛弃，应 该被改革，语法仍然可以教得更好。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句 u Mention of his name alone wr

16、inkles many teachers nosespartly because some of them were hardly prepared to teach the new material themselves after decades in which grammar was largely absent from classrooms. （提起他的名字，许多老师就会嗤之以鼻局部原因是他们中的些人在几十年语法在课堂上基本消失之后，几乎没有准备好自己教授新材料。）”可知许多老师对迈克尔戈 夫的想法的态度是：他们表示不同意他的想法。应选氏，【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一

17、句If you did intuit （直觉上知道）how to make subordinate clauses in your mother tongue, getting to grasp them in a foreign language in later years is simpler if you know how to define and spol （hem.（如果你凭直觉知道如何在母语中造出从句，如果你知道如何定义和识别它们，那么在以后的几年 里用外语掌握它们会更简单。）”可知母语语法有助于外语学习。应选A。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后一句Other ob

18、servers may begin to wonder whether the National Curricukim, which since 2014 has made grammar such a central pari of its English programme, might have gone down a blind alley.（其他观察家可能开始怀疑，自2014年以来一直将语法作为其英语课程核心局部的国家课程，是否会 走上死胡同。）”和第四段最后两句 This may lead【o Ihe conclusion tha【the leaching of grammar s

19、hould be shelved altogether. However, it shouldnt be abandoned, though it should be reformed.（这可能导致语法教学应该 完全搁置的结论。然而，它不应该被抛弃，尽管它应该被改革。）”，再结合最后一段第一句Grammarcould still be taught better.（语法仍然可以教得更好。）”可知文章就是否应该进行语法教学进行了阐述，指出语法 教学不应该被抛弃，应该被改革，语法仍然可以教得更好。所以文章的标题应该是：GrammarTo Teach or Not （o Teach （教还是不教语法

20、）。应选A。CIf yoif rc reaching fbr the last piece of pizza at a party, and meanwhile see another hand going for it, your next move probably depends on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister you might just grab the pizza. Your boss you probably will give up. But if you5re hungry an

21、d feeling particularly confident, you might go for it.Now researchers have made progress in understanding how mammals brain encodes social rank and uses this information to shape behaviours such as whether to fight for that last pizza slice. They discovered that an area of the brain called the media

22、l prefrontal cortex （mPFC） was responsible for representing social rank in mammals; changes to a mouses mPFC affect its dominance （支配）behaviour. But it was unknown how the mPFC represented this information and which neurons （神经元）were involved in changing dominance behaviour.In the new study, Profess

23、or Kay Tye let groups of four mice share a cage, allowing a social hierarchy （等级）to naturally develop some mice became more dominant and others more subordinate. As soon as the mice were paired up, he discovered, the activity of their mPFC neurons could predict with 90 percent certainty the rank of

24、their opponent.“Wc expected animals might only signal rank when they arc in a competition/* says co-rcscarchcr Nancy. t4But it turns out animals walk around with this representation of social rank all theWhen the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with beh

25、aviour, they found something suiprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviour, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predict a full 30 seconds before the competition started which mouse would win the food reward.The winner was not always the more dom

26、inant, but the one engaged in a “winning mindset. Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more “winning mindsef, than a more dominant mouse and end up winning.The areas of the mPFC ass

27、ociated with social rank and “winning mindsei“ are next to one another and highly connected. Signals on social rank impact the state of the brain involved in winning mindset”. In other words, a subordinate mouses confidence and “winning mindset may partially decrease when faced with a dominant one.“

28、This is further evidence to suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with others compared to when were alone, says Tye. Regardless of who youre with, if youre aware of other people around you, your brain is using different neurons.”The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to,A. tell a

29、n interesting storyB. present a typical exampleC. introduce a major topicD. provide a convincing proof26. What docs the underlined word “they in Paragraph 5 refer to?B. The researchers.D. The changes in behaviour.B. When alone, we are more confident.D. ”Winning mindset“ establishes dominance.A. The

30、mPFC neurons.C. The brain activity patterns.27. What can we leam from (he new study?A. mPFC neurons change dominance behaviour.B. Brain activities can influence social hierarchy.C. Dominant opponents boost winning mindset”.D. Social rank and “winning mindset“ affect behaviour.28. What can we infer f

31、rom the passage?A. Those eager to win may succeed.C. Social rank guides competitive behaviour.【答案】27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员对大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域如何 参与改变支配行为的研究，得出结论：处于“胜利心态”的人更容易成为具有统治力的人，并且mPFC神 经元改变支配行为。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据笫一段 44 If you re reaching for the last piece of pizza

32、at a party, and meanwhile see another hand going for it, your next move probably depends on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sisteryou might just grab the pizza. Your bossyou probably will give up. But if youre hungry and feeling particularly con fident, you m ight go for it.（如

33、果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步 行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。你妹妹一一你可能就去拿披萨。你的老板一一你可能会放弃。 但是如果你饿了并且感觉特别自信，你可能会去拿披萨。）”，结合之后文章提出大脑中一个叫做内侧前额 叶皮质（mPFC）的区域负责代表哺乳动物的社会地位，可知作者写第一段是为了引出一个主要话题。应选Co【28题详解】词句猜想题。根据第五段“When the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with behaviou

34、r, they found something surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviour, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predicta full 30 seconds before the competition startedwhich mouse would win the food reward.（当研究人员再次询问 mPFC 神经元的活动是否 与行为有关时，他们发现了 些令人惊讶的事

35、情。大脑活动模式与行为的轻微变化有关，例如老鼠移动的 速度，它们还可以在比赛开始前整整30秒预测哪只老鼠会嬴得食物奖励。）”,可知研究人员发现大脑活动 模式与行为密切相关，划线局部的“they”指的是大脑活动模式,应选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “The areas of the mPFC associated with social rank and winning mindset” are next to one another and highly connected. Signals on social rank impact the state of the bra

36、in involved in “winning mindset”. In other words, a subordinate mouses confidence and winning mindset may partially decrease when faced with a dominant one. （ mPFC中与社会地位和“获胜心态”相关的区域彼此相邻，高度相关。社会等级 的信号会影响“获胜心态”的大脑状态。换句话说，当面对占优势的老鼠时，附属老鼠的信心和“获胜心 态”可能会局部下降。）”，可知社会地位和获胜心态可能会影响心态，从而影响行为。应选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根

37、据倒数第三段“The winner was not always the more dominant, but the one engaged in a “winning mindset”. Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more “winning mindset than a more dominant mouse

38、 and end up winning.“胜利者并不总是更具统治力的人，而是处于“胜利心态”的人。正如你有时可能处于一种更具 竞争性的情绪中，更有可能在老板面前抢走那块披萨一样，处于附属地位的老鼠可能比更具统治力的老鼠 处于更“胜利的心态”，并最终获胜。）”，可知胜利者不一定是统治者，而是处于“胜利心态”的人，也 就是说那些渴望胜利的人可能会成功。应选A。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。In science, advances arc a daily occurrence,

39、but true breakthroughs arc rare. What docs it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs? Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they never planned to travel a road that may

40、 well lead nowhere.31 One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they cant stop thinking about. Its crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible? They talk to respected colleagues who often remind (hem of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this co

41、uld be fbr their career. Yet, the idea wont die and they are determined to travel that road a road that may well lead nowhere. 32Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and cur

42、iosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Kariko, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable. 33Of course, the obsession (执念)with an unlikely drea

43、m fails to pay off for many scientists. 34 Nature doesnt turn out to operate the way they predicted. In (he end, their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dream if only they had done the experiment a little differently,

44、if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. 35 More importantly, the inve

45、stments prevent suffering and death and change the world.A. Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.B. Their ideas, though brilliant, in (he end are proved wrong.C. But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support.D. Because of them, millions of people around the worl

46、d never got sick or died.E. Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.F But sometimes the road leads (o major breakthroughs like X-ray and vaccines.G. However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.【答案】31. E 32. F 33. D 34. B 35.

47、G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断 追求和不放弃，最后作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带 来重大突破时，才有可能实现改变世界的科学突破。31题详解】根据第一段 “What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs? Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity.(怎样才能实现改变世界的科学突破?有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心

48、的结 果)”，结合空格后句子One day, usually early in their career, they get an idea they cant stop thinking about. Its crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible? They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work, and how damaging this could be f

49、or their career.（有天, 通常在他们职 业生涯的早期，他们会有一个想法，他们无法停止思考。他们对自己说，这太疯狂了，但这真的不可能吗？ 他们与受人尊敬的同事交谈，这曲同事经常提醒他们，他们的想法可能行不通的所有原因，以及这对他们 的职业生涯有多大的危害）”可知，空格处提出的应该是实现改变世界的科学突破需要的另样东西，科学 家对对特定想法的追求。由此可知，E选项（其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求）符合题意，第 段中的some和选项中的other前后照应。应选E。【32题详解】根据空格前的句子“Yet, the idea wont die and they arc determined to trav