备战2023年高考英语考试易错题(教师版)专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气.docx
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1、情志动词和虚拟语气一备段2023年高考英语考试易借题【导入】情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一:假设句中谓语动词为原形,在其前设纯空格题时,注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填 入恰当的情态动词。注意二:一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等,特别是注意虚拟 语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气,除了常见的if虚拟条件句,还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。技巧1意义和语气判断法 h h h h刿囱囹园1 .(浙江卷)George(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.分析cant/couldnt have gone 由
2、下文的“His coffee is still warm.可以看出,乔治应该是刚 离开,不可能走太远,表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否认推测,故填cant/couldnthave goneo【答案 J cant/couldnt have gone昂错点击所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词 的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外,情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感,所以在 解答此类试题时,要从说话者的角度去考虑问题,结合具体的语境来分析和判断,最后确定 所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。即时巩固Jim says we stay in h
3、is house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须; B.can 能,可以;C. need 需要;D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们能,可以”待在他的房子里。应选B。【答案】BYou have scolded him for his poor performance.
4、After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustntD. shouldnt【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。3. are-be考查虚拟话气。句意:因此我们强烈建议类似的活动应该每年都举行。Suggest意为“建议”时,后 面的从句用should do的形式或者省略shouldomust后面加be。句意:答题纸必须是从报纸上剪下来的,并且在截至日期前寄送至中国日报。根据句意。 这里应该用被动语志。nust do的被动语态是must be done.后面的sent和c
5、ul共用一个be动词,所以sent 前可以省略。4. found-find句息:我们必须找到保护环境的方法。此处must为情态动间,情态动词后接动词原形。5. must-may句意:一些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞。他们可能只是比拟安静,由句意可知这里表示不确 定的推测,故用情态动词may。6. may-must句意:这里是办公室。所以你必须知道在这儿吃东西是不被允许的。哦,对不起。结合语境 可知,这里表示命令.因此要用mustomade前加had句意:假假设你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。根据句意可知此 处订引导虚拟条件句,表示对过去的虚拟,故从每应用过去完成时。7. w
6、as-be句意:眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次明期检查。recommend表建议主张后接从句 用(should) do的虚报语气。8. musn -couldn句意不可能是词汇导教你在考试中出这个问题,因为你知道很多单间。mustnt do表 禁止,结合语境可知,此处使用couldnt表时对过去事情有把握的推测。(二)l.rd rather you saw the film yesterday.2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.3.1 wish I knew the truth of the matter.
7、4.1f you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.5.You could do better, but you didnt try your best.6.1f we took the other road, we might have arrived earlier.7.He suggested that we took the teachers advice.8.1f he had been studying hard, he would work in the office now.9.But for the rain
8、, we should have a pleasant journey.lO.If only I have read the books on reading list before T attended the lecture.【答案】l.sawhad seen4.listened一had listened7.took一(should) take9.have 后加 hadm、语法填空l.sawhad seen4.listened一had listened7.took一(should) take9.have 后加 hadm、语法填空2.gowent/should go5.do一have don
9、e8.work一be workinglO.havehad3.knewhad known6.took一had takenl.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess61 , (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周 在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知
10、应使用一般过去时,故填touchedo 2. ” This really excites scientists, n Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ” because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct). H.【答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说: “因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何
11、构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处 也使用一般现在时,主语是心 所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。67 .【答案】is constructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct 与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon 是单数,故填is constructedo3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40, (call)
12、 galleries or rooms.【答案】are called【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的局部被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用, 应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填arecalled。 IV、短文填空(-)Miss Fang couldnt read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she 1 go to the Health Service and see a doctor. n You should s
13、ee a doctor as soon as possible, she said. n You 2 need glasses. nWhen Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 3 see her at 3 : 30.Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3: 30 because she had a class then. u The doctor
14、4 take you at about ten to four, the appointment clerk suggested.“5 I put you down for ten to four, or would you rather come tomorrow? ”Miss Fang thought she 6 (not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldnt be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always s
15、o kind to everyone. And she replied, ” I think I7 make it at ten to four. HMiss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ”8 I leave at 3: 45 today ? I 9 have an eyeexamination. H As expected, the teacher said, Yes, of course you 10 . ”【答案】1 .should2.might3.could4.might5.Shall6.shouldn,t6.shoul
16、dn,t7.can8. May/Can9.mustlO.can真题演练2021年】1. (2021 女津卷)It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now thereare houses and people everywhere.A. needB. shouldC. couldD. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子 和人。A. need需要;B. should应该,理应如此;C. could可能,表示对
17、客观可能性的推测;D. must 一 定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。应选C。【2020年】1. (2020 天津卷)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须;B. can 能,可以;C. need 需要;D. should 应该。根据后面的as long as we leave it clean and
18、 tidy”可 知,Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们“能,可以“待在他的房子里。应选B。2. (2020 江苏卷)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.A. wont be B. wouldnt have been C. wouldnt be D. shouldnt have been【答案】c【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分 可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where 1am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动 词应使用 would/cou
19、ld/might/should+doo 应选 C。【2019年】1 .【2019江苏卷】 What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】c【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否那么,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快 时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+ 过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)
20、+现在完成时+其他,应选Co2 .【2019天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the task in half thetime.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否那么他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。 根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假
21、设。其 句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其 他,应选D。【2018年】1.12018江苏】Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It is important/necessaiy/strange/impossible/natural that”
22、中,其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原 形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。应选B。2.12018江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。 此题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一
23、般过去时。应选A。3.12018天津】I cant find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Pm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超 市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done, 再根据后句butm not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用
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