2022高考英语真题深度解读（全国卷1）.docx

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1、2022高考英语真题深度解读（全国卷1 ）真题解读: 试卷导航听力话题形式词数1搭便车下车短对话182通宵赶项目短对话183寻找安静谈话地点短对话184精心的邻居家的狗短对话115饭店订桌短对话176晚上聚餐安排长对话347公司搬迁计划长对话568艺术家采访长对话829平衡打工与学习长对话7510一个运动员的经历自述独白98语篇话题体裁词数阅读理解A画家亨利雷伯恩爵士展览应用文202+85阅读理解BDorothy Wickenden 的书籍书评321+122阅读理解C“空中之眼的技术应用于无人机说明文320+142阅读理解D征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童健康问题说明文325+127阅读七选五五种维

2、系异地友谊的方法应用文247+76完形填空孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互承认和尊重说明文276+184语法填空中国商会博物馆所庆祝第一个国际茶日说明文242短文改错骑自行车的好处议论文97书面表达Learning English Beyond the Classroom应用文100（左右）基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.（这 本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a ve

3、ry goodstoryteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing/ Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽 的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是 一篇书评。故选B项。CCan a small group of drones （无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at t

4、he same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure （基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already

5、being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly theycan be inspected, the more railway safety, re

6、liability and on-time performance will beimproved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient （高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railwaypcrsonncl safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 bil

7、lioneuros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspectand repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided withdrones assisting the crews* efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-valu

8、e servicesfor railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are nowworking on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track aheadof the

9、 train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensorsand AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to seeahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the appl

10、ication of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones* ability to work al high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remoteareas.29. What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel

11、safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitabl

12、e title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesHow Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedB. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceHow Drones Will Change the Future of Railways语篇解读关键词Drones, the safety and reliability of railways主旨概要应用今天的“空中之眼的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时 又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元

13、。百科知识无人机自动机场按照公路路网沿线有序部署，依照平台预设的任务 计划，无人机自主起飞，遵循云管控平台规划的巡检航线，开展巡 检任务，任务完成后自动降落回收，全流程可无需人工干预。得益 于图像分割与识别技术，无人机可对路面进行精准定位，采集的图 像实时传输至云端AI识别系统，自主识别道路落石、路面损坏、山 体滑坡等异常事件，输出公路安全风险评估报告。语言知识重难点词drones 无人机；infrastructure 基础设施；重难点词 块That is the very likely .很有可能；high-tension electrical lines 高压电线；on a 24/7 ba

14、sis每周7天、每天24小时运行长难句By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.通过使用最新的技术，无人 机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，检测铁路或道岔的故隙， 以免引起任何安全问题重难点词drones 无人机；infrastructure 基础设施；重难点词

15、 块That is the very likely .很有可能；high-tension electrical lines 高压电线；on a 24/7 basis每周7天、每天24小时运行长难句By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.通过使用最新的技术，无人 机

16、还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，检测铁路或道岔的故隙， 以免引起任何安全问题【解析】【28题详解】28.A29.C30.B31. D【答案】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “Drones arc already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position o

17、f railway tracks and switching points.（无人机已经被用于 检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面， 如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置）”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成 为可能。故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文 “It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff

18、, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧 元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的 费用是用于“ inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知 “That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway perso

19、nnel safety v 是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C项：Inspection and repair（检修） 含义相近。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “ Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to runautonomously（ I：程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方

20、的轨 道上运行，并被设定为自动运行）”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky technology

21、 to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.（群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？ 这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设 施全天候安全运行。）”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路 线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四 段讲到了

22、通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述 了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中 心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money asMinisters first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016

23、, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity （月巴胖）.It is believedthat todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the remended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the su

24、gar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, dataof the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it isexpected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It es after more than half of soft drinks sold

25、in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufaclurers （制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewerkilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks panics have been forced to pay between 18p and

26、 24p for everylitre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax andare refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are fre

27、e of the tax, as are small panies manufacturing fewer than Im litresper year.Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence thesugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities （设施）and healthiereating in schools. Helping the next generation to

28、 have a healthy and active childhood is ofgreat importance, and the industry is playing its part.32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health. D. To encourage research in education.33. How did some drinks pan

29、ies respond to the sugar tax?A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cul down on their production.D. They reduced their products sugar content.34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C.

30、Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers.语篇解读语言知识关键词sugar tax, soft drinks, childhood obesity主旨概要文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青 少年的健康

31、问题，同时该收入用于体育。百科知识软饮料(softdrink)：酒精含量低于0.5%(质量比)的天然的或人工 配制的饮料。又称清凉饮料、无醇饮料。所含酒精限指溶解香精、 香料、色素等用的乙醇溶剂或乳酸饮料生产过程的副产物。文章第二段中的First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于 2016 年4月首次宣布，适用

32、于每100亳升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）可知, 征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。重难点词obesity 肥胖；manufacturers 制造商;alcoholic 含酒精的【答案】重难点词块sugar tax 糖税；soft drinks 软饮料；childhood obesity 儿童肥胖;at32.Ca higher risk of the disease 高发病率；sports facilities 运动设施33.D34.DIt is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming th

33、ree35. Btimes the remended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the【解析】长难句disease.现在的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议摄入量的三倍，使他们患病（32题详的风险更高。解】细节理解题。根据【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的It es after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the ta

34、x.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店 中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品 的含糖量来避税。故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are fr

35、ee of the tax, as are small panies manufacturing fewer than Im litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒 绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每 年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品 牌。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influe

36、nce the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它 为的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。 故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分1（）分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it

37、in good health. Here are five ways to sustain （保 持）long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36More isnt always merri

38、erMake sure you have municated with your friend about how frequently each of youwants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37. There are alternatives to constantwritten munication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy （共情）38. The friend who is r

39、emaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional timedemands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should besympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 39Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Althoughtechnol

40、ogy might make day-to-day munication possible, extra effort goes a long way onspecial days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other importantdates will make sure nothing slips by you. Don*t rely on technology alone40, but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may

41、 require more consciouseffort tosustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spendface-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important dalespcnsatc by writing lettersB. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperTry to find a time that works for bo

42、th of you and stick to itC. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of municationIt is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaD. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind语篇解读关键词five ways , long-distance friendships主旨概要介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。百科知识友谊是一种来自双向（或交互

43、）关系的情感，即双方共同凝结的情 感，必须共同维系，任何单方面的示好或背离，不能称为友谊。友 谊以亲密为核心成分，亲密性也就成为衡量友谊程度的一个重要指 标。语言知识重难点词sustain 保持；contact 联系；empathy 共情；重难点词块keeps irack o记录；day-to-day municalion 日常交流；long-distance friendships异地友谊Make sure you have municated with your friend about how frequently【答案】长难句each of you wants to be contac

44、ted and what method works best for you both.确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了关于你们每个人希望被联系36D的频率以及什么方法对你们最有效。37.BSimply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other38.Gimportant dates will make sure nothing slips by you. 记日记，记录朋 友的生日和其他重要的日子，就能确保你不会错过任何事情。39.40. FA【解析】【36题详解】 上文“With busy schedules,

45、squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.（平日繁忙,很难抽出 时间打 。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打 ，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的 时间去打 ，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打 这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。【37题详解】上文 “Make sure you have municated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.（确保你已经与你的朋友沟

46、通过，了解你们 彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方 式，B项”可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written munication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. （除了 不断的 文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written munication” 呼应了 B 项的 writing lettersw 0 故

47、选 B 项。【38题详解】下文 The friend who is remaining v （留下来的朋友）和 uThe one in the new environmentv （在 新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是 被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left” 和 “the one who was left behind分别对应下文 “The one in the new environment”和 The friend who is remainingn ,所以G项符合题意。故选

48、G项。【39题详解】分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文 “Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.（周年纪念日 和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维 系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的 日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。【40题详解】设空处所在句子的后半句but long-distance friendships even close ones may req