2019年高考英语二轮复习《介词和介词短语》教学案.docx

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1、2018高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题04介词和介词短语 教学案(教师版)【2018高考考纲解读】介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。 使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多 种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在二轮的备考中必须逐一掌 握每个介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用 介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查仍将是2019年介词考查的主要方向。【重点知识整合】一、常考易混介词(介词短语)辨析1) except for, except, but, besides 和 apart from这几个词/短语均有“除外”之意，但其具体用

2、法不尽相同。(1) except for:用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。如：The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。本句中，前述对象是房间，而除去的对象是Jack，两者毫无关系。(2) except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分，强调的是除去。如：He gets up early everyday except Sunday.除星期天外，他每天早起。有时 except 与 except for 可以换用，如:Except for (=except)

3、John, the whole class passed the test.全班同学除约翰外，全都通过了考试。(3)but:常可与 except 互换，强调“不在其中。如：Everyone attended the meeting but Mary.大家都出席了这次会议，但玛丽不在其列。(4) besides:强调“除止匕之夕卜，还包括“ o She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。(5) apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替 besides.Apart f

4、rom the coat, the hat doesn，t suit me.除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。2) across, through, cross, over, past这几个介词都有表示“穿过。通过”的意思，但词性和用法各不相同。(1) across是介词，强调从一个范围的一边到另一边，而且在物体的表面上或沿着某 一条线的方向而进行的动作。常和表示“走” 一类的动词如：walk, run, fly, jump等) 连用。如：The little girl ran across the road.这个小女孩横穿马路。worst winter of their lives.A. At

5、 last B. In fact C. In a word D. As a result【答案】B【解析】in fact “实际上”，进一步说明1990年天气的寒冷。At last最后；in a word 总而言之；as a result结果是。【难点探究】.考查常用介词的基本用法英语的常用介词包括 in, at, on, by, to, for, after, before, about, over, above, with, under 等，【例】A great person is always putting others, interestshis own.A. below B. ab

6、ove C. in D. on【答案】B【解析】考查介词的用法，put other, s interests above one s own意思是把别人 的利益放在自己的利益至上。1 .考查“长”介词的用法这里所说的“长”介词，主要是指 beyond, through, throughout, against, among, besides等几个拼写形式较长的介词。【彳列】Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days.A. for B.except C. besides D. with【答案】c【解析】besides意为滁

7、之外，还全句意为：现在一些人选择职业时，除考虑薪水外，还会考虑一些其他的因素。同学们尤其要注意beyond这个介词，它似乎一直是近几年高考英语介词【例】Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.A. beyondB. withoutC.ofD . in【答案】A【解析】句意为：他们听到她的动人的故事后，人人都难于言表。beyond超出；越过。2 .考查习语性介词短语的用法英语中习语性介词短语有很多，如at cost按成本；beyond belief难以置信；by accident偶然地,意外地；for examp

8、le例如;out of reach无法拿到;等等。【例】This special sch.ool accepts all disabled students, educational level and background.A. according toB. regardless ofC. in additiontoD. in terms of【答案】Baccording to 根据 regardless of 不管，不顾 m addition to 另夕卜 m terms of 就 而言.这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生:不管他们的教育水平和背景如何.【例】People try to avo

9、id public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this creates further problems.A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in return【答案】D【解析】比较：in short意为“总之”、“简言之，in case意为“万一”、“以防 万一”，in doubt意为“怀疑”，in return意为“作为回报”、“反过来”。全句意为： 人们本想通过自己驾车来避免交通阻塞问题，但这样一来反而产生了更多的交通问题。(2) I think he is taking

10、an active part in social work.I agree with you.A. in a way B. on the way C. by the way D. in the way【答案】A【解析】比较：ma way意为“在某种程度上工on the way意为“在途中”，by the式”意为顺 便问一下 in the wav意为:挡道工根据句意,选A最佳。I agree with you in a way的意思 是：我在某种程度上同意你的看法。4.考查特定词语与特定介词的搭配有不少形容词、名词、动词等在与介词搭配时，往往有自己的习惯。【例】You d sound a lot

11、 more polite if you make a request a question.A. in search ofB. in the form ofC. in need ofD. in the direction of【答案】B.【解析】考查介词短语。此处意思是以问题方式向时方提出请求显得更有礼貌”theform of 符合句意。m search 寻找，in need of 需要”，m the direction o广朝方向 二【例】Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter physical andmental h

12、ealth.A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at【答案】C【解析】第一空填介词of,因为be convinced of为固定搭配,其意为“认识到”；，第二空填。n,因为表示“对的影响，名词effect要与介词on搭配。例如：The war had a serious effect on petrol prices.这场战争对汽油价格产生了严重的影响。【彳列】 The manager suggested an earlier date the meeting.A. on B. for C. about D. with【答案】B【解析】介词for在此表示目

13、的，即为会议而确定日期。例如：Whats a likely date for the election篡绫酶悬崛去？ Have you fixed on a date for the /eddmgH尔们举行婚礼的日期 确定了吗？5.考查复合介词的用法复合介词指的是由两个或两个以上单词组成的介词，它们可能是由“副词十介词”构 成，如 along with, apart from, together with, up to 等；可能由“动词(形容词、连 词等)+ 介词”构成，如 except for, owing to, due to, but for, because of 等；也可 能由“介词

14、十名词十介词”构成， 如 by means of, in addition to, in comparison with, on account of, with regard to 等。请看下面的考题：(1)I have offered to paint the house a weeks accommodation.A. in exchange for B. with regard to C. by means of D. in place of【答案】A【解析】比较：m exchange for意为交换工；以 换 . ”.汕regard to意为“关于玛 by means of意为,通过

15、，,凭借“，mp：ace of意为代替:根据句意，选A最佳。句意为： 我提出通过粉刷房子来换取一周的食宿。(2)fire, all exits must be kept clear.A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of【答案】c【解析】比较：in place of意为弋替害instead of意为“取代，”而不是 in case of意为“万 一”，m spite of意为尽管二句意为：为防止发生火灾，所有出口必须清空。根据句意，选 C最佳。句中的cluar为形容词，意思是,无阻塞的工无障碍的。例如：Wait unt

16、il the road is clear (of traffic) before crossing.等路上无车辆来往时，再穿过马路。(3) The open-air celebration has been put offthe bad weather.A. in case of B. in spite of C. fnstead of D. because of【答案】D【解析】比较：in case of意为“万一”，in spite of意为尽管，instead of意为 “取代”、“而不是，because of意为“因为”、“由于”。句意为：户外庆祝会因天 气不好而被推迟了。【历届高考】

17、【2018 福建卷26. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals allits citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. forthe benefit of【答案】D【考点】本题考查介词与名词搭配的短语辨析。【解析】m charge of：掌管；for the purpose of：为了目的；in honor of：纪念；for the benefitof：为了的利益。根据语境，中国推进公共医疗的改革是为了居民的利益，故选D.【2018 福建

18、卷】33. Nothing is so easy as parents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. of B. toC. by D. for【考点】本题考查介词的用法【答案】D【解析】句意为：没有什么比父母亲过多的提高对孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents-对 于父母亲来说。不定式是真正的被比较成分。本句的关键是找到关键点，一方面的nothing is soas结构，另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。【2018 浙江卷14. Brown said he was by no means annoyed; he

19、 was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.A. all in all B. for one thing C. on the contrary D. by the way【考点】介词短语词义辨析【答案】C【解析】根据句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反(on thu contrary)他很高兴能够被透 彻理解。Al： m all总而言之；for onu thing其一；bv thu wav顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故 排除。解题的关键是对词组bynomeans=never (决不)的理解。【2018 浙江卷】6. all the

20、 animals I ve ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With【考点】考查介词的用法。【答案】B【解析】two dogs所属与al： animals,故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us：我们其 中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for为了； with有，均不符合语境，故排除.2018 湖北卷25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits m

21、odern houses and their gardens, but looks in the garden of a traditionalhomeA. out of question B. out of order C. out of sight D. out of place【答案】D【考点】考查介词短语辨析。【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统 的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与不相称，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B 项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。【2018 江苏卷】29. Thank God you，re saf

22、e!一I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为，万一，假使迨m need意为需要i in vain意为“徒 劳，无济于事二句意为： 谢天谢地，你是安全的！ 一我走回去，正好避免赛车。符 合题意二八2018 安徽卷25. You can chang your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be life.A. o

23、fB. on C. to D. For【答案】D【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示,预定，指定 The gift is meant for you,这份礼 物是给你的-He was meant for to bejan electrician,本来是准备把他培养成电工的。2018 辽宁卷27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.A. toB. forC. offD. out【考点】介词辨析【答案】C【解析】off意思是离开，隔着.，表不异隔着一定的距离。2018

24、四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, increase your income by 40%.A. as well asB. so long asC. so much asD. as soon as【答案】A【考点】本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。【解析】A意为除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要 C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定 句）；D意为“一就二此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能 够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A.2018 陕西卷111. An agreement seems

25、to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are it.A againstB. for C . to D. with【答案】A【考点】考查介词。【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成； be to到达；be with和在一起，都与句意不符。2018 北京卷】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight the shoulders?A. atB. onC. toD. across【答案】D【考点】本题考查介词的用法。【解析】acro

26、ss指的是两个肩膀之间的整体部分句意：你觉得这件衬衫两肩之间太窄了吗？ 【2018 全国 II 16. 100 is the temperature which water will boil.A. for B. at C. on D. of【答案】B【解析】此处是介词前置的定语从句，temperature是先行词，根据介词短语at the temperature 可知用at which, which代替temperature。句意：100度是水沸腾的温度【考点】考查介词的用法.2018全国卷n 14 This shop will be closed for repairs further n

27、otice.A. withB. untilC. forD. atK答案H BK考点/考查介词。解析U句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行 通知前”。（2018北京卷 35. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take color.A. byB. forC. withD. inR答案IDR考点考察介词的用法.R解析lln color表示使用彩色二固定搭配。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。2018上海卷 25 Graduation is a

28、good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years.A. through B. upC. withD. fromK答案X AH考点考察介词的用法。匕解析F句意：一年中，毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。一 2018湖北卷 30 2 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men.A. in terms of B. in need o

29、f C. in favor of D. in praise ofR答案1 CR考点H考察介词词组的用法R解析2句子意思是，当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去 支持年轻人。mpra:se of表扬，m terms of就而言，mneed of需要。2018山东卷 30 Im sorry I didn t phone you, but I ve been very busy the past couple of weeks.A. beyondB. withC. amongD. overR答案W DR考点U固定介词搭配。R解析通过前半句,Tve been very busy

30、”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的 几周里、固定搭配用介词over the past couple of veeks=:n the past couple of weeks1 句意为: 很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。12018安徽卷 253 Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problem.A. inB. toC.onD. afterK答案W BR考点考查介词。R解析习句意为：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词 的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers,意为懈

31、决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards, 故选B项。. 2018浙江卷 5 I always wanted to do the job which I d been trained .A. onB. forC. byD. ofK答案W BR考点U考查介词的用法。R解析1句意：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的，意为为了”，符 合题意。2018四川卷 8 J Nick, it s good for you to read some books China beforeyou start your trip there.A. inB. forC. ofD. onK答案W D

32、K考点U考查介词。R解析W on表示关于9 somebooks on China意为，关于中国的一些书”句意为：Nik 你 在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D.(2018天津卷 113 He was a good student and scored average in most subjects.A. belowB. ofC. onD. aboveR答案1 DR考点考察介词。R解析句意为：他是一个好学生:大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均 数；below average低于平均数:；on average平均起来，一般说来。2018天津卷 5 reg

33、ular exercise is very important, it s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A. ItB. As C. Although D. UnlessR答案CR考点考查连词。廨析T althoug如尽管”;A广如滁非二句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是 在睡前运动不是一个好主意-2018重庆卷 24 Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read the library.A. i nB. for C. byD. from

34、K答案H DK考点?考查介词。解析R句意为“Shirley, 一个读书爱好者，经常从图书馆带些书回家去读”。(2018江苏卷 323 We, d better discuss everything before we work out the plan.A. in detailB. in generalC. on purposeD. on timeR答案W AR考点考查副词短语辨析。R解析狗意:在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。In data匚详细地;m general 通常，大体上；onjurpose故意地；0ntime准时，按时。. 2018全国卷I 30 The form c

35、annot be signed by anyone yourself.A. rather than B. other thanC. more thanD. better thanR答案WBR考点考察短语的用法。R解析11此处othatta意为，除了句意，这张褰只熊便自己签名2018全国卷I 22 Try she might, Sue couldn t get the door open.A. ifB. when C. sineD. asR答案X DR考点本题考察连词。R解析题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As 表示虽然，尽管。,2018浙江卷 6 The

36、school isn t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose r 11 just have to it.A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with R答案) AR考点考查短语用法。K解析句意；这所学校不是我想上的学校，但我想我必须充分利用它.(2018福建卷 22. good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A. Fa

37、r fromB. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless ofR答案IBR考点W考查介词短语-R解析滁了优质的服务外,这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜.apart from表除. 以外、符合语意。far主期,远离 远非 instead 代替，而不是。regardless o广不管， 不顾、, 2018安徽卷 24一 To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, , honest.C. howeverD. afterA. therefore B. above allK答案X BK考点考查副词的用法。K解析

38、1句意：为了成名，你必须聪明、自信，但首要的是诚实。2018全国卷I 25 一 一Someone wants you on the phone.nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. And C. ButD. SoK答案11 cR考点考察连词用法。R解析前半句为：有人给你打电话；后半句为：没有人知道我在这儿，根据句子意思可知 前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C2018山东卷 23 Find ways to praise your children often, you 11 find they will open their hearts to you.A. t

39、illB. or C. and D. butR答案W CR考点考并列连词用法.R解析分析前后分句逻辑关系，是条件或假设关系，而且一祈使句-and or othenvy,，固 定句型所以选C.,(2018辽宁卷 313 Bring the flowers into a warm room they，11 soon open.A. orB. andC. butD. forK答案WBR考点考察连词用法.R解析1固定句型祈使句-and or-简单句。根据题意，应为顺承关系。(2018 江西卷 27，The haouse was too expensive and too hig. , I d grow

40、n fond of our little rented house.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC. SomehowD. OtherwiseK答案3 aR考点考察连词用法R解析1句意为这个房子太贵太大。我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后 句判断出为并列关系。Besides此外，表并列，therefore因此，表因果，somehow无论如何, 表转折，otherwise除此之外，表转折。选A。K10 福建U The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rush

41、ed out to greet her.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. sinceK答案H A(2) through是介词表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，强调“穿过”。如：Can you see it through thehole?你能透过这个洞看到它吗？(3) over是介词，用作穿过、通过解时，表示越过高的障碍物如：He jumped over the wall.他跳过了墙。past是介词，指从某物旁边经 过，意思是“走过某处，经过”如：He walked past me without sayinghello.他没打招呼就从我身边走过了

42、。3) despite = in spite of (介词) / although (连词)despite是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不能跟句子。(1) although是连词，后面要跟句子。Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school. Despite failure in the exam, I still have a. chance to win i n the term. 4) thanks to, because of, due to 与 owing to 这四个短语都有“由于”、“因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可

43、接从句。 (1) because of只能用作状语：如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折就灰心丧气。(2) due to一般只用作表语：如： This accident was due to his carelessness.这场事故是由于他的粗心引起的。(3) owing to既可以用作状语，也可以用作表语，平常多用于前一种情况，它多引导的状 语必须是修饰全句的，因此严格讲来应用逗号和主句分开： 如：They decided to postpone the trip, ow

44、ing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定延期起程。(4) thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近 于讽刺口吻的“感谢” )o如：Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.幸亏有你的主意，省了许多麻烦。二、常考介词短语荟萃英语中习语性介词短语有很多，如at cost按成本；beyond belief难以置信；by accident偶然地，意外地；for example例如；out of reach无法拿到；等等。根据新课标词汇表统计，仅由介词in后接名词

45、所组成的重要习语就有：in addition加之，又,另K考点H考连词的使用K解析U根据“rung the bell”和“the door was opened ”的发生先后，可以得出答 案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎 她。K10 上海 our manage objects to Tom s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. AfterK答案U BR考点本题考查连词R解析此句意思是 除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接

46、受他成为其中一 员K10 安徽I The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,they have the interest.A. whereverB. wheneverC. even if D. as ifK答案H cR考点L本题考查状语从句连词辨析。K解析力句意为“工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间 去做。”K10 安徽H Just use this room for the time being, and we 11 offer you

47、a larger one it becomes availableA. as soon as B. unless C. as far asD. untilR答案）1 AR考点本题考查状语从句连词辨析。R解析】句意为“仅暂时使用此房间.它玄（as soon as）可以正常使用，我们就提供你一个K10 江西H 一 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesn t matter you enjoyed yourselves.A as long asB unlessC as soon as D thoughK答案aAK考点考查连词和具有连词作用的词组K解析H as long as只要unless除非否则as soon as 一就though虽然，后一句为只要 你玩的开心，花多少钱就不重要。K10 江西U Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number.A