备战2023年高考英语考试易错题（学生版）专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

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1、精态动同和虚拟语气备桢2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：假设句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填 入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟 语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。技巧1意义和语气判断法 h h h h刿囱囹园1.(浙江卷)George(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.分析cant/couldiVt have gone 由下

2、文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚 离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否认推测，故填canT/couldnlhave goneo【答案】 cant/couldnt have gone昂错点击所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词 的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在 解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定 所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。即时见固Jim says we stay in hi

3、s houseaslong as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB.canC. needD.shouldYou havescolded himfor his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB.shouldC. mustntD.shouldnt技巧2时间判断法 h - h h h刿囱囹园1.(天津卷)1 wish I(be) at my sistefs wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a businessYes. Otherwise,

4、I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC. werentD. wouldnt be【2016年】【2016年】1.12016U匕京】A. neednt2.【2016北京】 helped.A. told3.【2016江苏】I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.B. mustntC. wouldntD. shouldntWhy didnt you tell me about your trouble last we

5、ek? If you me, I could haveB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tellIf it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been4.12016天津】It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldntB. co

6、uldntC. shouldntD. neednt5.12016天津 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured6.【2016浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths sincetheir highest in 2005.A. had not fall

7、enB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not havefallen学习评价:trip in New York then.【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的 but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作 发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had +过去分词”结构，故填had beeno【答案】had been昂错点击虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时 间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的

8、形式。即时火回The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplishedfor1. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 1 have long been out of practice.but/yet基础夯实考点01情态动词的基本用法can, cou

9、ld 与 be able to1 .表示能力，意为能，会。1) may 与 might.表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否认回答时要用mustnt表示“不可以”禁 止”“阻止”之意。1 . may/might as well +动词原形意为最好，倒不如，may/might well +动词原形，意为“很可能”。2) must 与 need1. must用于否认句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比拟强烈。need”需要，有必 要”，一般用于否认句或疑问句中。2. need也可用作行为动词，”需要，有必要”，可以用于各种句式中。【巧学妙记】need的用法助记口诀实

10、义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表”需要没有人称、数之变。其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否认。【易混辨析】dare 和 need3. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。4. need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否认句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought todare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。 在疑问句和否认句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。3) will 与 w

11、ould表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。1. will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。2. will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是“或“总要“之意。4) shalb should 与 ought to1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。1.5 hall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.6 hould表示义务、职责等，意为“应该“。4. ought to表示应该。5. shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该“。考点02情态动词表推测的用法can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为有时

12、会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”， 有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否认句中也可以表示推测，can飞意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。1. may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否认句中也可以表示 推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。2. must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为 一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否认句 中要用 can/could)o4.should用来表示推测时意为“应该“，即含有”按道理来说应当如此”的意思。考点03”情态动词+have done ”的用法情态动词+have done用法mus

13、t have done一定做过某事，其否认形式为can/couldn have donecan/could have done(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否认形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情1.must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成”一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。2 .cant have done ”表示对过去事情的否认推测，译

14、成”不可能做过某事.n can have done ”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成”可能做过吗？3 .could have done ”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。4 .may have done ”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经“或“也许已经“，用于肯定句中。5 .might have done 表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。6 .wou

15、ld have done 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会.n should have done 意思是”本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。n shouldn9t+have+done ”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际 做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。7 .ought to have done ”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成”理应做丁往往表示遗憾。与 should have done ”用法 基本一样。8 .n need have done 表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。 needn,t have done ”那么表示“本来不需要做某事而实际做了”考点04if条件句中的虚拟语气1

16、) if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现 在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用 were)should/would/could/might + 动 词原形表示过had+过去分词should/would/could/might +去情况have+过去分词表示将 来情况should +动词原形should/would/could/might + 动词原形动词过去式were to+动词原形2)错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句”，动词 的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。3)省略if的倒装句在条

17、件句中可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。4)含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。(1)用but for、without(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。(2)用otherwise、or(or else) even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。考点05从句中的虚拟语气.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, reque

18、st, urge, command, prefer,desire,desire,一主张insist二命令order,command三建议四要求urgesuggest,advise,recommendrequest,require,ask,demandrecommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“ should +动词原形，should可以省略。外加一个敦促【特别提醒】 suggest表暗示，insist表”坚持认为时不用虚拟语气。1) .用于主语从句中, 常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/. + that.It is sbs o

19、rder/desire/suggestion/advice/. + that.(It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/. + that从句谓语形式：(should+)动词原形3)用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟 语气，其构成是“ should +动词原形M , should可以省略。4) . wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+ wish (that) +从句主语+动词

20、过去式(be一律用were。1 ,表示与过去事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+ wish (that) +从句主语+ would/could + have +过去分词或had +过去分词。2 .表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形。5) . would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为”宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实 相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6) .在11 It is (about/high) time+that从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或shoul

21、d +动词原形表示虚拟语气, 注意should不可省略。7) . as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与 过去事实相反用过去完成时。8) .if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。模拟演练I单项选择.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that in the parking lot.A. leftB. would leaveC. was leftD. had been leftto give you just a

22、surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.A. had intendedB. has intendedC. intendedD. has been intendedhate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they me all the time.A. disturbB. have disturbedC. disturbedD. are disturbingCharlies whe

23、elchair out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.A. runB. have runC. had runD. was running.一 You really did a good job,Robert!I was just doing my job and anyone in my position the same like me.A. might doB. could doC. should have done D. would have done.They might

24、 have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven. If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be putwas wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I.A.

25、were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injuredf we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catchf it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were

26、 not to beD. should not have been.not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had.1 cant find my purse. I it in

27、the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt writeB. hadnt writtenC. wouldnt writeD. wouldnt have writtenIk单句改错以下各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。f my brother was h

28、ere, everything would be all right.2. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad laThe answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.4. We must found ways

29、 to protect our environmentSome people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.5. -Its the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.-Oh, sorry.6. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.7. Eye doctors recommend that a chil

30、ds first eye exam was at the age of six months old.8. It mustn, t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. （二）1 .Td rather you saw the film yesterday.2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.3.1 wish I knew the truth of the matter.

31、4.1f you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.5.You could do better, but you didnt try your best.6.1f we took the other road, we might have arrived earlier.7.He suggested that we took the teachers advice.8.1f he had been studying hard, he would work in the office now.9.But for the rain

32、, we should have a pleasant journey.lO.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.in、语法填空.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探)那么茗称)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.1 . “ This really excites

33、 scientists, n Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ” because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 . (construct). H.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms.IV、短文填空(-)Miss Fang couldnt read for very long without ge

34、tting a headache. Her mother told her that she _1 go to the Health Service and see a doctor. M You should see a doctor as soon as possible, she said. n You 2 need glasses. nWhen Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 3 see her at 3： 30.Mis

35、s Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3： 30 because she had a class then. n The doctor 4 take you at about ten to four, the appointment clerk suggested.“5 I put you down for ten to four, or would you rather come tomorrow?Miss Fang thought she 6(not) waste any more time. The teache

36、r shouldnt be unhappy if she asked forpermission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ” I think I 7 make it at ten to four. nMiss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, 8 I leave at 3： 45 today? I 9 have an eyeexamination. As expected, the

37、 teacher said, Yes, of course you 10 .”真题演练【2021年】1. (2021 天津卷)It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now thereare houses and people everywhere.A. needB. shouldC. couldD. must【2020年】2. (2020 天津卷)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and ti

38、dy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should3. （2020 江苏卷）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.A. wont be B. wouldnt have been C. wouldnt be D. shouldnt have been【2019年】1 .【2019江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had

39、had2 .【2019天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the task in half thetime.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【2018年】1 .【2018江苏Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might2.1201

40、8江苏 1 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had3.12018天津】I cant find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left4.12

41、018W匕京】In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must5 . 2018）匕京They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven6 .【2018天津If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjo

42、ying our holiday on the beachB.caughtD. would catchA. had caughtC. have caught【2017年】1.12017U匕京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need2.【2017-W匕京卷】If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been

43、putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put3.12017江苏卷】not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it4 .【2017天津卷】My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in themorning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt5 .【2017天津卷】 一Do you have Bettys phone number?