高中英语语法填空专项指导.docx

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1、语法填空专题语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后 面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词 语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、 冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。一、给出动词，填写谓语部分（时态、语态、主谓一致），或是填写非谓语动词（-ing/-ed/todo）,或 转化（转为名词、形容词）二、给出形容词，首考虑变副词、名词，其次看是否需要填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词（前缀 un- dis- im-）;三、给出副词，首考虑变

2、形容词，或填比较级、最高级，或是填写由前缀构成的反义词（un- dis- im-）;四、给出名词，首考虑填名词复数 其次考虑变形容词或动词五、无提示词，主要填写介词、连接词、冠词和代词、关联词、时间副词高频介词：in with to、by、for、at、on of、without从句连接词：that what （who whom which whether if when where）代词:it oneself（oneselves）上下文关联词：and, but, or so, however, besides therefore instead of 等时间副词：ago, before, e

3、arlier, later 等冠词：a an the语法填空解题技巧1语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有 把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题 解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：一、纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词（含从属连词和并列连词）等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词; 或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。彳

4、列 1 ： I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and gets there almost in a second.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。例 2： It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help 2 rice crop grow upquickly.技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。彳列 3： .who sh

5、ould have the honour of receiving me 3 a guest in their house.技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例 4： .two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 技巧5：若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词(连接并 列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。彳列 5： The greatest magician

6、of all time was Harry Houdini 5 died in 1926.彳列 6： He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, 6 he felt very happy.技巧6:由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it is . that.强调结构的形式，判断it还是that。判断方法：去掉it isthat结构，句子 还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。(2)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.例 7： .and _7 was only after I heard she become sick

7、 that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精).例 8： .as 8 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.彳列 9： Dating sites also makes 9 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(3)在倒装句式中通常填 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not.until 等词。彳列 10：10 with

8、hard work can you expect to get pay rise.(4) so / such that句型例 11 ： This made the goat so jealous 11 it began plotting against the donkey.(5) morethan(与其说不如说,比更)句型。例 12： Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 12 how much he pays.二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还

9、是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词 就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。彳列 13： When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.彳列 14： That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14 (close) my book and walked away.彳列 15： In Paris, three people 15 (tak

10、e) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.例 16： Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention. (2008 年 广东高考语法填空)彳列 17： Now, Valentines Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.技巧8:若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就

11、要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。彳列 18： .but it is not enough only 18 (memorize) rules from a grammar book.例 19：19 (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary.(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例 20： _20_(complete) the project as planed,

12、well have to work two more hours a day.(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系，用 过去分词(-ed)o例 21 ： He saw the stone, 例(say) to himself: the night will be very dark.”例 22： The headmaster went into the lab, 22 (follow) by the foreign guests.技巧9:动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。例 23： There are 23 (comfort) fee

13、lings often as any kind of physical pain.彳列 24： They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes彳列 25 ： These people have made great 25 (contribute) to China with their work.三、词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧 有以下三种。技巧10:作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态

14、)，通常用形容词形式。彳列 26： The youngster immediately fell 26 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例 27： Teachers must try their best to make most of their students 27 (interest) in the subject.技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。例 28： As I looked 28 (close) at this girl, I found that.例 29： 29 (fo

15、rtune),the guest escaped unharmed.技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子 意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-,in-等，在词根后加-less等。例 30： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is 30 (use).例 31 ： Your mistake caused a lot of 31 (nec

16、essary) work in the office.技巧13:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。例 32： The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. he jumped even 32 (hard) and nearly made himself out.例 33： The 33 (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.例 34： .but

17、he felt very happy since the crop did grow 34 (high)以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定 搭配等。语法填空解题技巧21 .给形容词. We had made our reservation six months(early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(1) . But such a small thing couldnt(possible) destroy a village.(2) . He

18、must be(mental) disabled.(3) . We drank together and talked(merry) till far into the night.2 .给名词That would be a very(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours.(1) When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was(surprise) helpful.(2) This prov

19、erb is saying we have to let things go in their(nature) course.3 .给出动词 做谓语(1) . He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he(find) that he had run out of salt.(2) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or (push) you wi

20、th their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.(3) We(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after.(4) He walked in as if he(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. 做非谓语In the beginning, there was only a very small am

21、ount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always(think) that it was only small and not very important, and looked where we have ended up today.(1) I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man(sit) at the front.(2) While she was getting me(settle) into

22、 a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.(3) For example, the proverb, plucking up a crop(help) it grow”, is based on the following story.二、题型精练：1One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41 (be)late for school. There were many people waiting a

23、t the bus stop, 42 some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 44 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 45 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a pa

24、ssenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 47 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation.

25、Then the driver stood up and asked,48 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ? ” A woman on the bus shouted, Oh, dear!Its 49 .“She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus begantalking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 50 (sudden) beca

26、me friendly to one another.2A young man and an old man were waiting for a bus. 1 sat next to each other. Whats that in your bag?” asked the young man, pointing to a big bag beside the old man.“Gold. There was nothing but gold J answered the old man. The young man could not believe his own ears and w

27、as 2 great surprise. Then he began to think about 3 to get the money. The old man was very tired and it seemed that he could hardly keep his eyes open. After a while the old man 4 (lie) down on the chair and fell asleep.The young man took 5 big bag gently and quietly. But when he was just about to r

28、un away, he found a comer of his fur coat was under the old mans body. Several times he tried to pull it out, 6 in vain. At last he took off his coat, 7 (think) that the gold in the bag must cost far more than his fur coat.Worried but 8 (delight), the young man ran out of the station as quickly as h

29、is legs could carry him, until he reached a place 9 一 he thought the old man couldnt find him. He stopped and quickly opened the bag but he just found a great many of small stones in it. Then he ran back to the station 10 (hurry) only to find that the old man was gone.3Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde

30、(1854-1900) once 1 (write):Ah! Realize your youth while you have itTThe popular internet slang word foxi一or“Buddhist” is challenging this norm(说法)by2 (encourage)young people to remain calm and avoid conflict as much as possible 3 other words, to live like a Buddha. However, some say that foxi actual

31、ly reflects the reality that young people are losing 4 (they) will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure 5 (simple) because theyre incapable of succeeding.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing 6 phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For e

32、xample, Buddhist students are those who study just the right amount-they dont cut class, but they dont burn the midnight oil, 7.In this fast-changing and competitive world, its only 8 (nature) that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. But no matter what, there is one thing 9Buddhist youngsters sho

33、uld keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset regarding 10 (fail), but you should also be passionate and positive about school, work and life. After all, Wilde also added, “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let nothing be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid

34、 of nothing.4Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61(be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up. The rive was so polluted that it 62(actual) caught fire and burned. Nowyear late, this riv

35、e is one of 63most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65(reduce)industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66(clean) than ever.Maybe you are

36、facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.While there are 68(amaze) storie

37、s of instant transformation, for most of us the 69(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70(patience).三、高考真题试水Passage 1(2016新课标 I)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like

38、me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not for profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (o

39、fficial)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s,5 I was the first Western TV reporter6 (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce)

40、British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin that had been rejected by 8(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day)with his sister so that while one is be

41、ing bottle fed, 10 other is with mumshe never suspects.Passage 2(2016新课标 H)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)J(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is th

42、eir 3 (able)to “air condition a house without 4(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cooDthe

43、 house during the hot day: the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8 (go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset氐消)for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exact

44、ly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.Passage 3(2016新课标ni)In much of Asia, especially the so called “rice bowl“ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They

45、can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five th

46、ousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some pe

47、ople think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C.，influenced the 8(develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, mo

48、st people traditionally eat 10 their hands.Passage 4(2015新课标 I)Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 2 , Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 3 (it)choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5(painting). Instead, Fd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it*s only