2023年浙江1月学前儿童家庭教育自考试题82925.docx

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1、气象 Met e or o 1 o g yL 气候 C lim ate北极气候 a r c t ic c lima t e赤道气候 e q ua t ori a 1 c lima t e大旱 s erious d r ought大气辐射 a t mospheri c r a diation大气候 mac r oc 1 i mate大气环流 a tmo s p h e ric circulation/ gen e r a 1 circ u lati o n of atmo sp h e re大气湿度 a tmosp h e ric moistur e大气污染 a t mosp h eric p

2、o 11 u t ion大气压 atmospheri c p r essure多雨气候ra i ny dim a t e多云clou d y风季 wind s eason副热带冬季干旱气候s ub- t r叩i cal dry c lima t e副热带湿润气候sub- t ropi c a 1 humid c 1 imate干旱 d rough t干燥气候 arid cl i mate / dry cl i mate高地气候 highl a n d c 1 imate 高山高原气候 plate a u dim a te高原气候 P lat e a u cl i m a te海滨气候 1 i

3、tto r al c limate海啸 t sun a mi海洋性气候ma r i n e c limate / m aritime c lim ate / o c ean climate寒潮 cold wav e寒带 f r igid z one寒流 cold c u rr e n t旱季 dry se a son旱周期 per i od of dro u g h t（黄）梅雨 mou 1 d ra i ns / bai-u / plum rai n s极地气候 polar c 1 imate极地冰原气候 pol a r ic e f i eld c lim a te极地高山气候 pol a

4、 r m o unta i no u s c 1 imat e极地苔原气候pola r moss c limat e积温 accum u lated temper at u re / cum u lati v e tem p e r a ture季风气候 m o nsoon c 1 im a t e酷暑 scorching冷气团 c o Id a ir mass梅雨季节 p 1 um ra i n s easo n闷热 sul t ry / s t uf f y古气候 P a 1 eoclimate 漠境气候 d e se r t c 1 ima t e室外温度 ou t door t emp

5、era t ure相对温度 r e la t ive t e m p e ra t ur e严寒 chi 1 1/ k illing fre e ze / s ev ere cold炎热 p a rching heat / scorchi n g heat最彳氐温度 min i m u m t e mperature最高温度 maximum t em p era t u r eVIL 海洋气象 Ocean W e a ther波长 w a v e 1 eng t h波高 wave hei g ht波级state of wave波浪wave潮差 tid a 1 ran g e潮流 tid a 1

6、 cu r rent潮水tide潮位 tid a 1 level潮汐 t ide潮汐表tide t a bl e潮汐预报 tide prediction潮汛 sprin g t i de赤道海流 e q uato r ia 1 c urrent春潮 spr i ng tide大潮 spri n g ti d e风海流 win d c u rre n t风浪等级 se a s d i s tu r b a nee scale0 级 安静 calm (gl a ss y )1 级 微波 calm (rippled)2 级 微浪 smooth (wa v e 1 ets)3 级细浪 lig h t

7、seas4 级小浪 moderat e seas5 级 中浪 ro u gh seas6 级大浪 very ro u g h s e as7级强浪h i gh seas8 级 巨浪 very high seas9 级狂浪 m o n s t er wavesextremel y hig h seas海岸洋流 lit t o r a 1 cur r e nt海冰sea ice海潮 o cean t i de海风 s ea w i n d海浪 s ea wave海流 o c ean c urrent海雾sea fog海啸 t s u nami / ti d a 1 w a v e海洋风 ocean

8、 wind海洋观测 ma r ine observ a tion海洋观测站 ocean stati o n海洋气象站 ocean weather s ta t ion海洋学 o c e anography海震 seaquake寒流 co 1 d c u r r e nt黑潮（太平洋西岸海流）J apancurre浪花s p ray浪涛swell满潮 high tide怒涛 surg e暖浪 warm wave暖流 wa r m c u r r ent澎湃b i How平潮 si a ck w a t er钱塘潮 Qi a nt a n g ti d a 1 bore太平洋高压P acific

9、hig h停潮 low w a te r tide退潮 ebb tide湾流（墨西哥暖流）Gulfstream晚潮 e ve n in g tide午潮 mi d day tide小潮 n e ap t i de漩涡 ri p pie / whir 1 p oo 1沿岸流 coa s t al curren t洋流 o c ean cureent涌潮 e ager早潮 morni n g t ide涨潮 flood tide子潮 mid n ig h t t id e子午潮 s p rin g tid e最低潮nea p ti d eVIII .季节 S e ason春季Sp r ing早春

10、e arly sprin g孟春 the firs t m o nth o f sp r ing仲春 the seco n d month o f sprin g/ the midd 1 e o f spr i ng暮春 lat e spr i ng冬季 w i nt e r初冬 e a rly wint e r孟冬 t h e fir s t mont h of wint e r仲冬 th e se c ond month of winter /midwin ter隆冬 midwinter / th e dept h of w i n te r严冬 seve r e winter寒冬 col

11、d winte r残冬 the last days o f wi n ter秋季 autumn / f a 11早秋 ea r 1 y a u t um n孟秋 th e f i rst mont h of autumn仲秋 t he second month of a u t umn / mid- a u tumn深秋 la t e autumn寒秋 seve r e a u t umn四季 the fou r s ea s on s夏季 summer惊蛰 th e Wak i ng of Insect s / In s初夏 e a rl y s u mme r孟夏 t h e f i r

12、st month of s umme r仲夏 the secon d mon t h of s ummer / m i d s umm e r盛夏 the heigh t of summer炎夏 hot s ummerIX .二十四节气 The 24 Sol ar Terms白露 White Dew (15th s o lar t e rm) 处暑 the Limit o f Heat / HeatStopp age / St o pping t he h e at (1 4lh sola r term)春分 th e Spri n g Equi n ox / Ve r nal E q u i

13、 no x (4 th s o 1 ar t e r m)大寒 Great Co 1 d (241 h s o 1 a r te r m)大暑 Gr e a t Hea t (12th s o 1 ar ter m)大雪 Gre a t Snow / Hea v y S n ow (21st sol a r term)冬至 Wi n ter Solstice (22nd s ola r t e rm)谷雨 G rain Rai n ( 6 th s o 1 ar term)寒露 Co 1 d Dew (17th solar term)ects awake n ( 3 rd s olar t e

14、rm)立春 th e Begin n ing of Spring / Sp r in g b e gins (1st solar term)立冬 the Begin n i ng of Wint e r / W i nter b egins (1 9 1 so 1 a r term)立秋 the Beg i n n ing of Autumn / Autumn b e g ins (1 3 th so 1 ar te r m)立夏 the B e gi n ning of S umme r / Summer b e gi n s (7lh s o 1 ar term)芒种 G r a in i

15、n Ea r (91 h sola r ter m)清明 P ur e B rightn e s s / Cl e a r and brigh t (5th s o 1 ar t e r m)秋分 A u tumn E q u inox (16th solar term)霜降 F r os t Descendin g / Ho a r-frost fall s (18th s ola r term)夏至 Summer Sols tice (10th so 1 ar term)小寒 Sli g h t Cold (2 3 rd s o 1 a r te rm)小满 Gra in Ful 1 /

16、Grain buds (8111 sol a r term)小暑 S 1 i gh t Heat (11th s o lar ter小雪 Slight Snow (2 0 th so 1 ar te rm)雨水 R a i n Wa ter / The rains(2 nd solar term)X. 气象仪器Me t eoro graph百叶箱 s cr e e n避雷器 1 i g h tning arrester避雷针 1 ig h tn i ng ro d标准大气表 t able of standa r d a t m osph ere测风气球pilot balloon测 云器 nep

17、home ter士也温表 ear t h thermometer / ge o t he rm o mete r调湿器 hum i dif i er风球 ty p h o o n s igna 1风速表 anemo g raph风速计 wind gau g e / anemograph风向标 w e a t h er co c k / w e ath e r van e / wind vane风向袋 wind s oc k / wi n d sle e ve风向风速仪a e r o va n e风向杆；风矢 wi n d s haft / wind arrow风向仪 anemos c op e

18、干球温度表 d r y - b u 1 b t h ermometer干湿表 P s y ch r ometer挂风球 hoi s t ed typhoon sig n a 1寒暑表 th e r m o meter毫巴气压表 millib a r baromet e r华氏温标 Fahr e n h ei t t e mper a t ure sea le近似绝对温标 approx i mate absolute te m p era t u re s ca 1 e经纬仪 t heodol i te绝对温标；开氏温标 abso lute temperatur e s cale / Kelvi

19、n tempe ra tore scale兰金温标 Ra n k i n e temp e r ature sea 1 e雷电仪 c e r au n ograph雷雨表 b r ontome ter累积雨量器 accumulativ e r a ing a ug e流明计;照度计lumenmeter毛发湿度计 h air h ygr o gra ph气球气象仪 a e rost a t met e o r ograph气象卫星 meteo r ological s a t e Hi t e气压表 b a r om e t e r气压槽 p ressure trou g h气压计 barogr

20、aph晴雨表；晴雨计 ba r o meter / we a ther glass日射总量表s ola r i m e t er日射总量计so 1 a ri g raph日温计 py r h el iomet e r日照计 s un s hine r e corde r摄氏温标 Celsius th e rm o m e trie sea1 e / c e nti g r a de t empe r ature seal e摄氏温度计Celsius t h ermometer湿度表 h y grom e t er / humi d om e ter湿度计 hygr o me t e r数字资料

21、解决机dig i t a 1 d ata pr o c e sso r (DD P)水银温度表 mercury th e rmome t er 太阳仪 heliome t e r探测气球 b allo o ns-sondes探空气象仪 so u nding meteorograph天气监视雷达 we a ther surveill a n c e radar同步气象卫星 sync h r ono u s met eoro 1 o g ical sa t e 11 i t e (SMS)温度表 thermo meter温度计 the r mog r a ph温湿计 th e rmo h y gr

22、ogr a ph / h yg rothermograph雨量杯 r a i n g auge glas s雨量表 pluviom e ter / hyetometer 雨量计 udom e t e r gauge / rai ngaug e / pluvi o g raph / hyet o gra p h 雨量茗与 p 1 uv i om e te r / p 1 uvioscope / r a in g auge照度计(勒克斯计)luxmeter蒸发表 a t midom e te r / atmome t er蒸发计 ev a por o g r aph蒸发皿 e v apo r at

23、ion pan蒸发器 e v aporat i o n g aug e / evaporat o r总日射表 P yr a nometer / solarimeter总日射计 py r ano g rap h / s olarig r aphX L 气象分析 Met e or o logic a 1Analysi s饱和水汽 satura t ed vapo( u ) r北半球 t he Northern Hemisphere 北寒带 th e no r th frigid z on e北回归线 the T r o p ic of C anc e r 北极 the No r t h Pole

24、/ the Arc tic Po 1 e北极海流 A r c tic C u rrent北极气团 Arc t ic a ir m a s s北极圈 the A r tic Circl er ometri c 1 i n e北极天气站 arct i c we a t h er st a ti o n北纬 no r t h 1 at i t ud e匕温带 th e north tempe r ate zo n e背风面 leeward side / 1 e e si d e背风坡 1 eew a rd slope本地天气 local w e a the r长期预报 Ion g range for

25、 e c a st城市热岛 ur b an heat i slan d赤道洋流 equatorial current臭氧层 ozone 1 a ye r / o zo n osph e r传真图 facsimi 1 e c h art春寒 co 1 d s p el 1 i n s p r ing大风警报gale warning大风信号 ga 1 e co n e si g n a 1 / gale si gn a 1等冬温线 i s o chimene / i soche i m等高线 con t o u r lin e / is o hypse等温层 i s o t h e rmal la

26、ye r等温线 isothe rmal lin e / isothermo h yps; thermo-iso p le t h等雪线i sochion等压线 isobar ic lin e / isoba等雨量线 isop 1 uvi a 1 / is o h y et低气压 ba r om e trie 1 ow / depr ession低压槽t ro u gh地面辐射 te r r e s tri a 1 s ur f a c e r a diation地面温度 s urfa c e tem p e rat u re地面温度表 s urface t h ermomet e r地球辐射t

27、e r r es t rial ra d iat i o n士也震 e ar t hquake / seism地震海啸 sei s mic se a wave地震灾区 ea r thqu a kes t r i ck e n a r ea电离层 ion o spher e / ion o s p he r i clayer东风带 eas t e r li e s短期预报 sh o rt-range for ecas t对流 con v e ctio n / conv e c t i ve cur r e nt对流层 t ro p o sphere / convec t iv e zone多普勒

28、气象雷达站Do p pier met e o r o 1 o gieal r a d a r st a tion厄尔尼诺现象E 1 Ni n o p henomenon反气旋 ant i eye 1 one防冻 a n ti- f reezing防冰 anti-ici n g飞机观测 a i r p 1 an e o bservat i o n风变向wind shi f t锋面降雨 front a 1 rainfall锋面雾 f rontal fog辐射强度 r adi a tion inten s ity干旱 dr o u g h t / dr y d amage干热风 dry hot w

29、i nd干湿球温差 ps y c hrometer dif f erenc e干燥 dryne s s / a r i d ity高层大气 upperatmosp here高空气象图u ppe r -air c hart高气压 ba r om e tri c h ig h高山观测台 high altitude o b ser v at o ry高速传真 hi g h speed f a c simil e(HSF A X)光合作用 photosynt h e s is光黑时间相对长度r e lative 1 e ngth o f the light an d da r k p e riods光

30、能 lumino u s e nergy / light en ergy光通量(单位：流明)luminous flux /ligh t flow光照量(勒/ 秒)quantity o f i 1 lum光照强度；照度i n t e ns i ty of i 1 lu mi n ation / li g ht i n tensity光周/照期photoperiod光周期现象 p ho t op e ri o d i cit y/ pho t oper i o d i sm光周期效应 photoperiodic e f feet国际标准大气in ter n ationa 1 s tan d a r

31、 d a t mo s ph e r e (I. S.A.)国际日期变更线Inte r n a t i o n a 1D a t e Li n e (IDL)海拔 ab o ve s e a level海拔高度 sea 1 e v el elevati on/a 1 t itud e above se a 1 e vel海市蜃楼mira g e海洋观测 mar i ne ob s e r vat i on海洋天气站 ocean weather s tati o n(OWS)毫巴(气压单位)m i llib a r (mb)洪水 floo d / inun d a t i on华氏 F a hr

32、enh e i t环境温度 ambient t emperature积雪深度depth o f snow积雪线 sn o w c over 1 in e飓风警报 h urrican e warn i ngi nation绝对零度absolute zero绝对干旱 a b s o lute dro u g ht绝对湿度a bsolute h umidi t ye o f temperature绝对最低致死温度abso 1 ute mi n i m u m fa t al t e mpe nature绝对最高致死温度abs o 1 ute ma x i mum fatal tern p eratu

33、 r e（克）卡（热量单位）gram-c a lorie （gmcal） 拉尼娜现象 La Ni n a p hen o meno n 勒（克斯）（光照度单位）lux （pl.1 u xe s ; 1 u ces）雷达气象观测 rada r meteo r o 1 ogic a 1 obse r vat i on雷达探空 rad a r s o undin g冷锋 cold fr o nt冷气团 c o Id a i r mass临界温度 c riti c a 1 tempera t u r e流明（光通量单位）lumen （pl.1 u m en n a; lum e n n s）龙卷途径t

34、 or n a d o track漫射光照 d i f f u s e il 1 umination密度 dens i ty南回归线 th e T r o pic of C ap r icon 南极 t h e Sout h P o le / t h e AntarcticPole南极圈 the Antarcti c C i rcle能见度 v i s ibil i ty平均温度年较差 mean ann u a 1 r a n g气候带 dim a t i c b e It / c limati c zones气候数年平均值 dim at o 1 og i c al n o r mals （C

35、L I NO）气候图 climati c cha r t / c lima t ic m a p / climato 1 og i cal c ha r t气候图表 c limag r aph / cl i ma t i c d i agr am/ dim a to 1 o g ical d i agram气候循环 dim a t i c cycl e s气候资料 c limatolog ical d ata气流 a i r c u rre n t / a ir fl o w /air str e am气球探测 ballo o n s ou n ding气团 air ma s s气温 air

36、temp e r a tu r e气象部门 me t e o rolog i cal d e p a r tmen t气象测量 m e teo r ol o gic a 1 surve y气象观测 me t eorological observa t ion气象广播 m e teorol o gical b r o a dcast气象雷达网站mete o r o 1 o gi c al r ad a r net w or k stat i o n气象年鉴 met eoro 1 ogical year b oo k气象哨 we a the r p o s t气象台 meteorological

37、o b s er v a t o ry气象台网站 m eteor o 1 o gical n e t wo r k气象学 me t eoro 1 o gy气象学家 met eoro logist气象要素 meteorological elem e n t气象员 weat h e r man气象站 we a t her stat i o n / climatol o gic a 1 s t ation气旋 cy c 1 o ne气旋生成c y c log e nesis气压 b a rometri c pre s sure低气压 1 ow pr e s s ure高气压 hi g h press

38、ure绝对气压 absolut e p re s su r e强风信号 s t r o ng wi n d signa 1晴 fair / cl e a r轻冻 ligh t freeze全日照ful 1 sun全天候 a 11we a ther热带风暴 tr o p ic a 1 s t orm热带气旋 t r o p ical cycl one/ revolvi n g st o r m热对流 thermal c onvectio n热辐射 e mission of he a t /heatr ad i atio n / the r mal r a di a t ion热浪 heat wa

39、ve / h ot wave日平均温度d a il y mea n temp era t ure日照长度 dura t ion of sunsh i n e日照时间s u n s h ine time日最低温度 d aily mini mum t e m perature日最高温度 d a i ly max i mu mtempe r a t ure入梅 setti n g -in of r a iny season上升气流 u p wa r d c u r ren t / anaflow摄氏 Cels i u s / C e n ti g ra d e世界天气world w eat h er

40、世界气象组织 W o rid Meteorol o gicalOr g a n i z atio n (WM 0 )受雨区 c atchm ent are a天气 weather天气分类 wea t her t ype恶劣天气 severe w e athe r反常天气 freakish w e ather现在天气 prese n t w e at h er天气公报 forec a s t b u 1 1 etin天气图 weather map / weather char t/ s y n o ptic map天气形势分析 analysis o f weather s i tu a t i

41、on天气谚语 weathe r p r ov e rb天气预报 w eather fo r ecas t天气站 wea t her s t atio n土壤绝对湿度 a b solute moistu r e oft he s oil土温的日变化 d aily fluctuat i ons of the soil微气象学 m icromet e o ro 1 ogy卫星探测 s a tell i te sou n ding卫星云图 s a telli t e c lo u d pic t ur e / sate 1 li t e cloud photog r a p h 温度递减率 lapse

42、-rate of temperature 温度较差 temp era t u re r ange 温度绝对年较差a b solut e ann u a 1 r ange of t e mperat u re温度日较差 daily rang e of temperature温度效率 t herma 1 efficiency温 效指数 tem peratu r e effic i e n c y index无风定向 c hangeabl e w i nd吸取光谱 absor p t i on sp e trum相对湿度 relativ e humid i ty向光性；趋光性P hototr o p

43、 i s m 需光量 light req u ir e ment 业余气象站 am at e ur we a t her sta t ion阴 ov e r c a s t有效雨量 e ffe c t i ve rainf a 11 预报图 for e ca s t c h a r t预报区fo r e c ast are a / fore cast d i stri c t预报员 f o rec a s t er雨量 pr e ci p i t a t i on / ra i nfall / a mount o f ra i n鱼鳞天 m a ckere 1 s ky呈现鱼鳞状云的天空。I

44、t r e fers t o the sky full of c I o ud s w hich loo k like i ch t hyosis.宇宙射线c o smic rays 宇宙辐射 cosm i c ra d iatio n 月绝对最低温度ab s ol u te mo n thly mi n i mum t emperatu r e月绝对最高温度 abs o lute mo n t hly max i mum t e mperatu r e向风面 wi n d w a rd side /1 u v sid e月平均最高温度mean m ont h ly月平均最低温度mean mo

45、n t hly mini mum tempera t ure泥石流 mu d roc k f low人工气候室 psyc h rome t ric room暖流 w a rm c u r ren t气候图 climate map气候学家 c 1 imatologist晴天clear秋老虎 ol d wi v es summer / au t um nal s u mmer heat热带风暴 tropical s t o rm热带气候 tropical c 1 im a te热带草原气候 trop i c a 1 grassy clima t e热带多 雨气候 tropica 1 rain y

46、climat e热带海洋气候t rop i ca 1 marine cli mate热带季风气候 tropical mons o on cl i m a te热带沙漠气候 t ropic a 1 desert climate热带雨林气候tr o pi c al r ainfo r est climate热带气旋 trop i c a 1 c y c 1 onestorm / tropical re v olvi n g storm热对流 the r mal c on v ec t ion热辐射 e miss ion of he a t / h eat ra d ia t io n / ther

47、mal radia t ionp hy t otr o n人造气候 artificial dim a te三伏天dog days森林气候 fore s t c limate山地气候 moun t ain clima t e闪电 1 i gh t ni n g / bo 1 t生物气候bi o clima t e湿季 wet season室内小气候cry ptoclim a t e湿热天气 Stic k y weat h e r湿润气候 humid/ m o is t c 1 imat e太阳辐射 so 1 ar rad i atio n苔原气候 damp c limate温带气候 temp e rate c 1