学案Unit2PartⅥ单元语法专题——（1）动词-ing形式（动名词）作主语表语和宾语（2）冠词含解析.docx

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1、Part VI单元语法专题（1）动词ing形式（动名词）作主语、表语和宾语（2）冠词语法精讲I .动词的ing形式1 .动词ing形式（动名词）作主语动名词（短语）具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词（短语）可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名 词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。（1）动名词（短语）在句首直接作主语动名词（短语）作主语常表示经常性或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。Reading aloud is very important fbr us to learn a foreign language.大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。（2）it作形式主语，动名词（短语）作真正的主语动名词（

2、短语）作主语的句子有时可以用it作形式主语，动名词（短语）作真正主语。常见结 构有：Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用的/值得的。Its no use/no good/no need doing sth.做某事是没用的/没好处的/没必要的。It was a waste of time reading that book.读那本书就是在浪费时间。（此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book）（3）There is/was+ no+动名词（短语）Ther

3、e was no knowing what he could do.不知道他能做什么。There is no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will we achieve our dreams.不可否认，我们只有用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才能实现我们的梦想。即学即练单句语法填空（learn） a language requires time and effort.Its a waste of lime （persuade） s

4、uch a person to join us.（save） money now seems impossible.It is worthwhile（read） more books.Its useless（ask） him any more questions about that because he wont answer.There was no（tell） when she would be back.2 .动词的ing形式（动名词、现在分词）作表语（1）动名词（短语）作表语动名词（短语）作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或抽象的动作，大多数情况卜.可以与主语 互换。Her job is

5、 cleaning offices.她的工作是打扫办公室。（作表语）Cleaning offices is her job.打扫办公室是她的工作。（作主语）Her hobby is painting.10. presidents 1 heating12.introducing13.adding/to add: improving 14.staying15.looking 16.accep(ing 17.encouraging 18.looking 19.getting 20.confusing11.1. the： a 2.the 3.an 4.A 5.The 6.an 7.the8. the

6、9.the lO.aIII. A1. tapping 2.annoying 3.looking 4.Handing5. becoming 6.dcmanding 7.sleeping 8.analysing9. Learning lO.speakingBI. a 2.The 3.the 4.the; the 5.a 6.aIV.1. His hobby is collecting stamps.2. Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.3. He began teaching English

7、 at the age of 25.4. Walking is a good form of exercise fbr both young and old.5. I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.6. The boy practises playing the piano every day.7. We often go swimming together.8. I regret not coming earlier.9. He spent quite a lot of time doing that.10. She is

8、good at telling stories.她的业余爱好是画画。My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.我的第一份工作是在乌基亚图书馆，那时我16岁。（2）现在分词（短语）作表语现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语具有的特征和属性。His concern for his mother is most touching.他对自己母亲的关爱非常感人。His words arc encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人。即学即练单句语法填空What he said is （convince）, so w

9、e can trust him.The news is（astonish）; we were all（astonish） at it.（3）The result of the exam was （disappoint）.Our duly is（serve） （he people heart and soul.My favourite sport is （swim）.The news sounds （encourage）.3.动词ing形式（动名词）作宾语（I）动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）汇总：mepscaHid 妹不食咖啡滴”。M： miss, min

10、d E： escape, enjoy P： practise, put off S： suggest C： consider, cant stand A: avoid, admit, advise, allow, appreciate R： risk, resist F： finish, forbid, feel like I： imagine, insist on D： dislike, delay, denyHe managed to escape suffering from the disease.他设法成功避免了患上那种疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving

11、 his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. 史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。特别注意 need, deserve, require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。Your car needs filling.你的车该加油了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得游览。The

12、problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要仔细研究。（2）动名词在介词后作宾语about, against, to, from, of, for等介词后可用动名词作宾语。They are against using so many animals in experiments.他们反对用如此多的动物去做实脸。Thank you for offering me so much help.谢谢你为我提供了这么多帮助。某些“动词+ （名词/形容词/副词）+介词”后常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：apologise for.（为道歉），aware of（意识到），

13、be afraid of（害怕），engage in（参与）,giveup（放弃），depend on（依靠），have trouble/difficulty （in）（做某事有困难），admit to（承认）， be/get/become used to（习惯于）,be equal to（等于;胜任）,devote. to.（把用于）,get downto（开始做），look forward to（期待）,object to（反对）,stick to（坚持），see to（照料；处理），contribute. to.（把贡献给）,lead lo（导致），pay attention io（注意

14、）等。Im looking forward to your coining next lime.我期待着您下一次的到来。He apologised for interrupting us.他因打断了我们的谈话而道歉。知识拓展有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别。forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事regret doing slh.对做过某事表示后悔regret lo do slh.对要做的事表示遗憾mean to do slh.打算做某事mean doing slh.意味着做某事

15、try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.堂试着做某事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事go on to do slh.接着做别的事情stop to do slh.停下来去做某事stop doing slh.停止做某事cant help (to) do slh.无法帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事want/need (o do sth.想要/需要做某事want/nccd doing sth某事需要被做(主动表被动)有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式意思上没什么大的差别。begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事sta

16、rt to do/doing slh.开始做某事like to do/doing slh.喜欢做某事hate to do/doing slh.讨厌做某事prefer to do/doing sth.宁愿做某事continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事take turns to do/doing slh.轮流做某事intend lo do/doing sth.打算做某事即学即练(1)单句语法填空As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate(hear) from you now and then (tell) me ho

17、w everyone is getting along.You should not miss (make) up for your missed lessons.You can never imagine what great trouble I had(help) the poor boy and the little dog that were seriously hurt.I really appreciate (give) the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting.Exercise is the key to (im

18、prove) your health.Dont forget(post) the letter for me when you pass by the post office.I didnt mean(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it.I do remember (receive) the message, but I cannot find it now. Please send it again if you dont mind.(2)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式I u

19、sed to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character. Now theyve stopped (show) films there. The owner would like to go on (run) the cinema, but he would need (make) a lot ofimprovements, which would mean (spend) tens of thousands of pounds. Iremember (wat

20、ch) the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying (work) out who the murderer was whensuddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. regret (tell) you,

21、 “ he said, “that ourelectricity has failed. I dont mean (disappoint) you, but Im afraid wc cant showyou the end of the film. Weve tried (phone) (he electricity company, but they say they cant help. He went on (explain) (o (he audience how the film ended. I didnt understand the story. But I dont reg

22、ret (go) to the cinema that evening.I1.冠词用法4.冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。下面主要讲解它们的典型用法及零冠词的使用 情况。(1)不定冠词的用法不定冠词表示类别，泛指某类人或物，相当于any；也可泛指某人或某物，表示不确 定的概念,相当于some或a certainoIts almost impossible to find a horse running on the city road now.现在在城市道路上发现奔跑的马匹几乎是不可能的了。A Smith has just called you.一个叫史密斯的人刚刚给你打电话。不定冠词

23、表示数量“一”的概多，但其数的概念不如。ne强烈。I want to buy a pair of shoes.我想买双鞋。不定冠词表示“每一”，相当于every或per。She goes to see her parents twice a month.她每个月去看她的父母两次。不定冠词用在序数词前，表示“乂一；再一”。He decided to try a seventh time.他决定再尝试第七次。用于首次提到的，双方不知道的人或物前。There is a park on (he corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有一个公园。不定冠词用在of结构中，表示“同一性”

24、，相当于ihesame。They are of an age.他们同岁。不定冠词用在一些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物，即“抽象名词具体化”。常见 的词有：surprise, success, failure 等。His coming to the party was a real surprise for me.他来参加聚会对我来说真的是个惊喜。不定冠词用在某些固定搭配中。如：a kind of, in a hurry, in a short while, a knowledge of., have a. . life, give sb. a ridco(2)定冠词的用法定冠词最基本的用法是

25、特指上文已经提到的人或事物，或者说话双方都知道的人或事 物。此外，还可用在被短语或定语从句修饰的名词前，表示特指。I bought the computer yesterday.我昨天买的这台电脑。Its too cold. Close the window please!太冷了。请把这扇窗户关上！The young man is the student who I taught ten years ago.这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。特别注意定过词the可用在“o.+sb. +介词(in/on/by/.)+the+部位”结构中,常常表示谓语动词 所及的身体部位或衣物。该句型中定冠词the

26、相当于物主代词，避免语义重复。He hit me on the head.他打了我的头。定冠词可用在单数名词前表示类别。The giant panda in China is loved by people all around the world.(注：这里说的大熊猫指的是大熊猫这一类别)中国大熊猫受到全世界人民的喜爱。定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物。The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world.太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。定能词可用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及特指“二者之中比较的”。The second girl is the tallest

27、 of them all.第二个女孩是他们所有人中最高的。用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人；或用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人或夫 妻二人”。We should pay attention to the development of the young.我们应该重视年轻人的成长。The Browns will visit us next week.布朗一家下周要来看望我们。用在表示“演奏某种乐器”时，用在乐器名称前。Tom likes playing the guitar.汤姆喜欢弹吉他。用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等的名词前。如：the Yellow River, the Uni

28、ted States, the Chinese Communist Party o用在某些固定搭配中。如：at the moment, at the same time, in the morn ingo用于表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某一天的一部分等的名词前。如:in the east/south/west/north, on the right/leflo(3)零冠词的用法可数名词复数及不可数名词表示泛指。Monkeys are clever animals.猴子是聪明的动物。Milk goes bad easily in summer.牛奶在夏天很容易变质。在表示星期、月份、季节、节日、

29、学科、三餐、球类和祺类等的名词前。如：on Sunday, in March, in spring, on Childrens Dayo但如果具体到某一年的春、夏、秋、冬，则要加定笈 词。I was born in the autumn of 1985.我出生于1985年秋。某些名词与by连用表示交通方式时。如：by bus/car/bike/train/air/plane/sea/ship.表示人名或地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，如Mike, Shanghai等。但由普通名词构 成的专有名词前则要加the,如the United Stateso名词前已有this, that, my等指示代词

30、、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，一般不 加过词。My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的贵得多。某些固定搭配中。如：day and night, here and there, at home, in surprise, at noon, on foot, at night, on duty, at work, on time, for example, on show, in space, in publico即学即练When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have bre

31、akfast in bed.Beyond the stars the astronaut sawnothing but space.Tom is addicted to playing football.After watching TV, she played violin for an hour.Many people are still in the habit of writing silly things in public places.Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in the internationa

32、l trade today.The train is running fifty miles hour.一Do you know lady in blue?一Yes. She is a teacher of a university.He grabbed me by arm and pulled me into the bus.I hope the activity will be great success and everyone can learn a lot from it.(2)改正下面句子中的错误A recent report stated that ihe number of S

33、panish in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by a year 2090.If you go by a train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.It is often said that teachers have the very busy life.After dinner he gave Mr Richardson ride to (he Capital Airport.A

34、 bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in a leg.I knew the John Lennon, hut not the famous one.语法专练I .用括号内的适当形式填空1. Young people may risk (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.2. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.3. Shortly after

35、suffering from the effects of a massive earthquake and(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.4. (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.5. In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library(be) now as simple and convenient as shopping o

36、nline: click, pay and wait for delivery.6. (equip) with global vision (视野) and (he spirit of innovation is crucial to Chinas younger generation.7. It is agreed that(read) widely is one of (he most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.8. I dont think it is no good(have) another talk with him over

37、 the matter.9. (she) not coming back made her parents angry and sad.10. The(president) attending the meeting gave them a big surprise.11. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.12. My duties will include (introduce) Br

38、itish visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.13. And when your employees begin (add) smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in (improve) your work culture.14. What I dislike is(stay) up too late.15. After(look) a( the toy for some time, he turned around and found hi

39、s parents were missing.16. Keep in mind that forgiveness doesnt necessarily mean (accept) the actions of the person who upsets you.17. The speech you delivered is very interesting and (encourage).18. I quickly lower myself, ducking (低下头)my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel

40、 challenged.19. All who participated have gained a positive outcome from (get) involved.20. The teachers explanation of (he problem was so (confuse) that most of us couldnt understand.n .用适当的冠词填空1. Mr Smith asked you to repeat phone number second time so that hecould set it down.2. The young may nee

41、d more sleep than old, but usually eight hours is enough for thehealth of grown-ups.3. The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成) enormous security challenge to all countries.4. number of these results on why this kind of bird cant fly are extremely interesting.5. most popular

42、Shanxi noodle is daoxiaomian. This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough(生面团)hoisted over the chefs shoulder.6. Girls, who always spend money on clothes, should keep eye open for discounts.7. I dont remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall third.8. The X-rays you get at do

43、ctors or dentists are not enough to cause cancer.9. My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.10. When I taught art at school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term.HL单句语法填空A1. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from (tap) her on the shoulder.2. Ba

44、cteria arc an (annoy) problem for astronauts.3. u prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ? ” Bechtel said, (look) up from her book.4. (hand) out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.5. Somewhere along the way, the same paren

45、t ends up (become) an invaluable member of the team.6. I guess that theres probably some (demand) work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping to help for an unknown sport.7. Its about two sisters-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop(sleep), and Mari, a young student.8. The keyboard could o

46、ffer a strong layer of security by(analyse) things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.9. (learn) English as a second language can be a painful experience.10. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public (speak).B1. When we got a call say

47、ing she was short-listed, we thought it was joke.2. provincial government and its partners offer many programmes to help students find summer jobs.3. Of nineteen recognised polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.4. In one study, Dr Prinstcin examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring least iiked, most iiked and the highest in status based on student s