专题一阅读理解考法2推理判断题（解析版）---备战2023年高考英语考点专项突破.docx

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1、替饿2025年高寿英语精选号点专项奏国旬题o旬题o圜激mg推键捌噩新高考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷I卷n卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题1211111I主旨大意题11111321陶题微as推理判断推理判断题阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意乂的基础上，通过对文 中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出 文草的深层意义及隐含意义。它主要考杳考生理清上下文逻辑天系的能力和识别能力。解答推理判断题要 以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，

2、也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也 就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片 面结论。考生切记，推理判断（infer）题必须把握住的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一 个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。方法1针对特定细节信息进行推理此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物 关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、 判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。2. 推理判断题。

3、根据第四段中“He fell a few times on slippery rocks, and at one point he got his elbow scratched. However, the accidents didnt stop him.Tvc got a couple of injuries on me, but Tin okay/hc said.Youvc got to have incredible determination to do this.”（他在光滑的岩石上摔了几次，有一次他的胳膊肘被擦伤了。然而， 事故并没有阻止他。我身上有几处伤，但我没事，”他说。“你

4、必须下定决心去做这件事“户可知，Eberhart 的旅程是具有挑战性的。故选B项。3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段首句Eberhart h汰ed the trail out of order in sections so he could complete each part in fine wcathcr.（Ebcrhart把步道随即分成几部分徒步旅行，以便在天气好的时候完成每一部分。户可知， Eberhart要在随机的路段徒步旅行，是为了利用最佳天气。故选C项。4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段Meredith J. Eberhart completed the 2, 190-plus

5、 mile Appalachian Trail on Sunday, becoming the oldest person to hold the honor.（上周 , Meredith J.E berhart 走完了 2190 多英里的阿 帕拉契小径，成为最年长的获此殊荣的人。）“可知，本文主要讲了 83岁的Eberhart设定目标打破戴尔桑德 斯保持的记录并获得成功，成为走完阿巴拉契亚小径的最年长者。这充分说明“追求梦想永远为时不晚故 选D项。Passage 2 （ 2022四川省内江市第六中学模拟预测）How far would you go to make a good impres

6、sion at a new job? A college student in Alabama walked 32 kilometres in （he dark （o gel to his new job.The story begins with Walter Carrs car breaking down the night before starting a new job. Carr was unable to find a ride. So, he figured out how long it would take to walk from his house to the job

7、 in Pelham32 kilometres away. He left at midnight so that he could make it to the customers house by 8: 00 am the next morning.Pelham police saw him walking along a highway at 4: 00 am. So, they stopped to see if he needed help. After hearing his story, they took him to a restaurant for breakfast an

8、d then to a church where he could safely wait until 8: 00 am. The police then took Carr to the home of customer Jenny Lamey. Lamey said that even though Carr had just walked the entire night, he refused her offer to rest. He just wanted lo start working. While he worked, he talked with the customer,

9、 telling her how much he liked her kitchen.Jenny Lamey later wrote this on Facebook: 44I just cant tell you how touched I was by Walter and his journey. He is kind and cheerful and he has big drcams! He is hard-working and tough. She then started a GoFundMc page to help Walter with money to get his

10、car fixed. When the CEO of Bellhops, Luke Marklin, learned of Carrs story, he drove from Tennessee to Alabama to give Walter his own 2014 Ford Escape.Walter Carrs story touched many others around the United States. Within a few days, people gave over$73,000 to the GoFundMe page. Carr has decided to

11、give a part of the donations to the Birmingham EducationFoundation. And he has received more offers for jobs and scholarships for schools.5. Why did Walter Carr decide to go to work on fool?A.He wanted to challenge himself.B.He wished （o be on lime for the job.C.He was unable to borrow a car.D.His c

12、ar was damaged beyond repair.6. What can we infer about Carr from Paragraph 3?A.He was devoted to his job.B.He was blamed by his customer.C.He called the police for help.D.He started to work after a short break.7. What kind of person does barney think Carr is?A. Cautious.B. Generous.C. Ambitious. D.

13、 Sensitive.8. What message does the text really convey?A. One has to suffer in order to get a good job.B. A good impression is sure to bring one good money.C. One has to give up something in return for donations. D. The efforts to leave a good impression are to pay off.【答案】B 6. A 7. C 8. D【解析】本文是一篇记

14、叙文。文章主要讲述了一个大学生在开始新工作的前一个晚上，车坏了，为了能在第二天早 上8点到达客户的家，他半夜就出发。他的这份认真感动了许多人，人们纷纷伸出援助之手。5 .细节理解题。根据第1.段“Carr was unable to find a ride. So, he figured out how long it would take to walk from his house to the job in Pelham32 kilometres away. He left at midnight so that he could make it to the customers hou

15、se by 8: 00 am the next morning.（Carr找不至lj车。因此，他计算出从他的家步行到32公里外的pelham的 工作地点需要多长时间。他在午夜离开，这样他就能在第二天早上8点到达客户的家）”可知，他决定步行去 工作的原因是因为他想准时工作。故选B。6 .推理判断题。根据第三段“Lamey said that even though Carr had just walked the entire night, he refused her offer to rest. He just wanted to start working. While he worked

16、, he talked with the customer, telling her how much he liked her kitchen/ Lamey说，尽管Carr走了一整晚，但他拒绝了她让他休息的提议。他只是想开始工作。 他一边工作，一边和顾客聊天，告诉她他有多喜欢她的厨房）”可知，他一心只想着工作。故选A。7 .推理判断题。根据第四段“Jenny Lamey later wrote this on Facebook: I just cant tell you how touched I was by Walter and his journey. He is kind and c

17、heerful and he has big dreams! He is hard-working and tough.”（JennyLamey后来在Facebook上写道：“我无法告诉你我对Walter和他的旅程有多感动。他是善良和开朗，他有 很大的梦想！他很努力，也很坚强。可知，Lamey认为他善良、开朗，有很大的梦想，也就是有志向、 有抱负的。选项A“Cautious.（小心谨慎）”；选项B Generous“（慷慨的）”；选项C4tAmbitious （有抱负的）“；选 项Sensitive （敏感的广。故选C。8 .推理判断题。根据第一段“How far would you go t

18、o make a good impression at a new job?（在一份新工作中， 你要走多远才能给人留下好印象？）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了 Walter Carr对待工作的这份努力 使得人们对他有好感，并纷纷伸出援手。所以文章想要表达的是想给别人留下好印象的努力最终会有I可报 的。故选D。Passage 3 （2022青海海东一模）There arc people living in almost every corner of our crowded planet. From the tops of mountains to deep underground, wev

19、e always been able to find habitable places to make a home. But with space at apremium （稀少）， weve started to look even deeper fbr somewhere to live.Throughout history, people have been fascinated by the idea of living underwater. More recently, the effects of human activity on （he land have led some

20、 to look to the oceans for natural resources. Oceanographers and architects have looked at designing vessels, labs and underwater habitats to enable people to live and work in a underwater world. But, while dreams of an underwater city have remained a fantasy, how close are we to making our home on

21、the seabed a reality?The pioneer of undersea living was Ian Koblick. He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a hundred people. He even opened La Chakipa, once the largest and most advanced undei-uater habitat and research facility in the world.A more rece

22、nt and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, its-a huge transparenl globe attached to the seabed. Its got a tower running through it to the surface, providing space fbr homes, offices and even an amusement park for five thousand reside

23、nts.Of course, there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis. And living underwater would have major effects on the human body, especially as there is an increase in atmospheric pressure, which could lead to the bends. So, maybe its too soon to be packing our bags and settin

24、g up a new life three thousand metres under the sea!9. Why are people looking forward to living underwater?A. Space on land is in short supply.B. Living underwater is very easy.C. The world underwater is fantastic.D. They are tired of living on land.10. Whats the author fs attitude towards living un

25、derwater?A. Indifferent. B. Critical.C. Negative.D. Objective.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. Living underwater does harm to the human body.B. Ocean Spiral can contain five thousand residents.C. People can look forward to the future of underwater life.D. We can pack our bags and set up a n

26、ew life underwater.12. Where is this text most likely from?A. A journal of history.B. A science website.C. An international newspaper.D. A travel guidebook.【答案】A 10. D 11. C 12. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们尝试让水下生活成为现实的计划，以及人们在水下安家之前需要 克服的困难。9. 节理解题。根据第一段There are people living in almost every corner of o

27、ur crowded planet. From the tops of mountains to deep underground, wcvc always been able to find habitable places to make a home. But with space at apremium （稀少）,weve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.（在我们这个拥挤的星球 I.,几乎每 个角落都有人居住。从山顶到地下深处，我们总能找到适合安家的地方。但随着空间的稀少，我们开始更 深入地寻找居住的地方。户可知，人们

28、想去水下居住是因为地表空间不足。故选A。10. 推理判断题。根据第三段“He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonics supporting up to a hundred people.（他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地。）”、第四段“Amore recent and ambitious design fbr an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, it-a h

29、uge transparent globe attached to the seabed.（一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。它是由日本 清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。）”以及第五段“ Of course, there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis. And living underwater would have major effects on the human body, especially as （here is an increase in atmos

30、pheric pressure, which could lead to the bends.（当然，建设海洋大 都市也存在工程上的挑战。生活在水下会对人体产生重大影响，尤其是随着大气压力的增加，这可能会导 致减压病。）”可推断，作者只是在客观地陈述这些事实。选项A“Indifferent （漠不关心的）”；选项BCritical （批 判的）”：选项Negative （否定的）：选项D,Qbjective （客观的户。故选D。11. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonie

31、s supporting up to a hundred people.（他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活100人的居住地。）”以及第四 段“A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, it-a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed.（一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋 螺旋。它是由日本清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。

32、）”可推断，人们已经有了一些在水 下生活的尝试，只是还有些困难没有克服。所以在水下生活从长远来看是值得期待的，或许在将来有可能 实现。故选C。12. 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述的是未来水下生活的可能性以及面临的挑战，这些都 是和科学相关的。所以文章最有可能来自科学网站。故选B。Passage 4 （2022吉林吉林模拟预测）According to Jim Coan, a psychologist from the University of Virginia, holding hands with someone you trust can have a positive e

33、ffect on your health. Why? Researchers have shown in （heir studies Ihal the simple act of （ouch can reduce stress and even lower heart rale.In a study, Jim and his colleagues brought couples into the lab, and then put one of them in an fMRI machine to scan the activity in their brains. While scannin

34、g them, the participants looked at a screen, and on a series of tests, they either saw a green circle or a red X”. A green circle meant that the test would end shortly and nothing else would happen. A red X meant that in a few seconds, there was a chance that they would receive a mild electric shock

35、 on their leg. The shock wasnt painful, but it wasnt exactly comfortable either.During some of these tests, participants were in the fMRI scanner alone; during others, a researcher came in and held their hand; and on a final set of tests, their romantic partner came in and held their hand. Jim and c

36、olleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions. And the happier the couples said they were in their relationships, the more the romantic partners

37、 hand lessened （减弱）the brains response to the shock. This study suggests that when wcrc stressed, holding a loved ones hand can reduce that stress.The research also suggests that touch has immediate and positive effects on babies. Skin-to-skin contact can reduce crying, stress, and improve sleep. Th

38、ese effects can be long-lasting: adults, held a lot when they were babies, arc the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted in fact, the more they were carried in babyhood, the better they adjust in adulthood.13. How would a participant probably feel when seeing a red X？A. Nervous.B. Excited.C. H

39、opeful.D. Painful.14. Why did researchers do sets of tests in the study?A. To make sure the study results are correct. B. To compare brain activities in different cases.C. To test the relationships between couples. D. To check the functions of the fMRI scanner.15. According to the last paragraph, wh

40、at may the writer agree with?A. Babies should be held and carried as much as possible.B. Babies problems can be solved mainly by touching.C. The effects that touching has on babies dont last long.D. Adults who were not held as babies cant adjust to society.16. Which of the following might be the mos

41、t suitable title for the text?A. Touch Improves Brain FunctionB. Touch Happens EverywhereC. Touch Helps Form Good HabitsD. Touch Makes a Big Difference【答案】13. A 14. B 15. A 16. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家的研究成果：来自信任的、亲近的人的触碰可以帮助其缓解压力，对身 体健康有积极作用。13 .推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句A redmeant that in a few seconds, there was

42、 a chance that they wouldreceive a mild electric shock on their leg. The shock wasnt painful, but it wasnt exactly comfortable either.” （红 “X”表示几秒钟后，他们的腿可能会受到轻微电击。电击并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二句“Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock, they had a lower stress res

43、ponse in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions. （吉姆及其同事发现， 当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。） 可知，伴随红“X”而来的电击会让参与者产生紧张及压力感，只不过握着爱人的手时这种反应会降低。故选 A项。14 .推理判断题。根据笫三段第二句Jim and colleagues found （hat when participants thought they might be ge

44、tting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions.（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比, 他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，实验设计了不同情况，最后比较的是在不同情况下 大脑的压力反应。由此可以推断出多轮实验的目的是为了比较在不同情况下被试者大脑活动的情况。故选B 项。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句These

45、 effects can be long-lasting: adults, held a lot when they were babies, are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted in fact, the more they were carried in babyhood, the better they adjust in adulthood.（这些影响是长期的：婴儿时期被抱过的成年人可能会更加健康，调节能力会 更好，而且，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好。）可知，搂抱产生的影响持续的时间很 长，婴儿时期被抱得

46、越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好，所以作者会认可A项“应尽可能多抱抱婴儿”的观 点。故选A项。16 .主旨大意题。本文第一段说明研究结论：来自信任的人的触碰及拉手对健康有积极的影响；第二、三 段介绍了研究的过程和发现：牵着爱人的手可以减少紧张感；第四段为研究的其他发现：触碰对婴儿身心 健康的长久影响。所以D项“触碰产生重大影响”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。Passage 5 （2022青海海东一模）The latest video of a group of robots dancing to the song “Do You Love Me“ has-been popular on the

47、Internet and received more than 23 million views during its first week.The performance shows two Boston Dynamics （an American technology company） humanoid robots called Atlas, doing several dance movessuch as the twist, the mashed potato and others.Speaking to The Associated Press, Boston Dynamics f

48、ounder and chairman Marc Raibert admits the video is fun to watch. But he said the real success behind the experiment was the valuable lessons the project taught his team.“It turned out that we needed to improve the robots in the middle of development/ Raibert said. He said that step was necessary for the robots to be strong enough and have enough energy to do the whole performance without stopping. tkSo that was a real benefit to the design、” he added.The difficulty of teaching robots to dance also pushed Boston