UNIT55.3 grammar-【教材解读】2022-2023学年牛津深圳版英语八年级上册.docx

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1、Grammar英汉对译Grammar语法（教材第71页）A The present perfect tense 现在完成时We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past but have aconnection to the present in some way.我们使用现在完成时谈论发生在过去但在某种意义上与现在有联系的事情。1 / You / We / They 我/你（们）/ 我们/他们.have made 交了have not made 没有交a lot of new fr

2、iends.很多新朋友。Have1 / you / we / they 我/你（们）/我们/ 他们made 交了a lot of new friends?很多新朋友吗？Yes,是的,you / 1 / we / they 你（们）/我/我们/ 他们have.交了 （很多新朋友）。No,没有，have not.没有交（很多新朋友）。He / She / it他/她/它has made 交了has not made 没有交a lot of new friends.很多新朋友。Hashe / she / it 他/ 她 /它made 交了a lot of new friends?很多新朋友吗？Yes

3、,是的,he / she / it 他/ 她 /它has.交了（很多新朋友）。No,没有，has not.没有交（很多新朋友）。Work out the rule 找出规律Weformthepresentperfecttensewithhaveorhas+thepastparticipleofthemainverb.我们用have或has+主要动词的过去分词构成现在完成时。Things to remember需要记住的事情 I / You / We / They have = I ve / You ve / We ve / They veI / You / We / They have 的缩写

4、是 I ve / You, ve / We? ve / They, veHe / She / It has=He s / She, s / It, s He / She / It has 的缩写是 He, s / She s / it s have not=haven, t have not 的缩写是 haven t hasnot=hasn thasnot 的缩写是 hasn t The past participle of a regular verb is usually the same as its past tense. You Callfind the past participl

5、es ofsome irregular verbs on pages 141 and 142.规则动词的过去分词通常与它的过去式一致。你可以在第141页和第142页上找到一些不规 则动词的过去分词。Eric has been in Beijing for a week. Complete his email to his mother with thepresentperfect tense ofthe verbs in brackets.埃里克已待在北京一周了。使用括号中动词的现在完成时完成他给他妈妈的电子邮件。To（收件人）：Mum妈妈From（发件人）:Eric埃里克Dear Mum,亲

6、爱的妈妈：Ive been in Beijing for a week now. I (1)have met(meet)my host family. They? rereally friendly. My host brother Wei and l(2)have played(play)a lot offootball ata park near his home. We both enjoy football very much. Mrs Li, my host mother,(3)has copked(cook)me delicious Chinese food.我现在在北京已经一个星

7、期了。我见到了我的寄宿家庭。他们非常友好。我和我寄宿(家庭) 的魏大哥在他家附近的一个公园里踢了很多次足球。我们俩都很喜欢踢足球。李太太是我寄 宿(家庭)的母亲，她给我煮美味的中国食物。l(4)havestudied(study)Chinese with my British classmates. We(5)haveseen(see)some places of interest in Beijing too. Howeverhavent visited(not, visit)theGreat Wall yet, and Ihavent done (not, do)any shopping

8、either. Ill do thesethingsnextweek.我和我的英国同学一起学习汉语。我们也看了北京的一些名胜古迹。但是，我还没有游览长 城，而且我也没有买什么东西。下周我将做这些事情。Love, 爱你的， Eric 埃里克B The present perfect tense with alreadyyetver and never含有already yet、ever和never的现在完成时We can use alreadyyet, ever and never with the present perfect tense.我们能够将already、yet ever和neve

9、r与现在完成时连用。Sarah has already seen many places of interest in Beijing.萨拉已经看过北京的许多名胜古迹。Have you seen me Great Wall yet?你看过长城 了 吗？No. I have not seen the Great Wall yet.不，我还没有看过长城。Have you ever visited the SummerPalace?你曾经游览过颐和园吗？No. I have never visited the Summer Palace.不，我从未游览过颐和园。Work out the rule 找

10、出规律 We can use the adverbs already ， ever and never(before/|after|)/)ave / has and (before/after)themainverb.我们可以在have / has后和主要动词前使用副词already ever和never。 We often use yet at the(beginning/end|) of a question or a negative sentence.我们经常在疑问句或否定句的末尾使用yetoBl Sarah wants to know whether the students fro

11、m Beijing have visited any placesin London before. Ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the example 萨拉想要知道来自托京的学生以前是否游览过伦敦的任伺地方。仿照俩子，两人一组进行问 答。See Big Ben 看大本钟Visit TowerBridge 参观塔桥Tour aroundBuckingham Palace 游览白金汉宫Alice爱丽丝XV (two years ago)(两年前)XGeorge乔治V (one and a half years ago)XX（一年半前）Rob

12、in罗宾XV (one year ago)(一年前)XSI： Has Alice ever seen Big Ben?学生L爱丽丝曾经见过大本钟吗？S2： No, she hasn, t. She s never seen Big Ben.学生2：不，她没有。她从未见过大本钟。SI： Has she ever visited Tower Bridge?学生1：她曾经参观过塔桥吗？S2： Yes, she has. She visited it two years ago.学生2：是的。她参观过。她两年前参观过它。Key：SI： HasAlice evertoured around Buckin

13、gham Palace?S2： No. she hasn, t. She s never toured around Buckingham Palace.SI： HasGeorgeever seenBigBen?S2： Yes, he has. He saw it one and a halfyears ago.SI： HasheevervisitedTowerBridge?S2： No, he hasn, t. He, s never visited Tower Bridge.SI： HasheevertouredaroundBuckinghamPalace?S2： No, hehasn?

14、t. He s nevertoured aroundBuckinghamPalace.SI： HasRobin ever seenBigBen?S2： No, he hasn, t. He s never seen Big Ben.SI： HasheevervisitedTowerBridge?S2： Yes, he has. Hevisiteditoneyearago.SI： HasheevertouredaroundBuckinghamPalace?S2： No, hehasn, t. He s nevertouredaroundBuckinghamPalace.B2 Later Sara

15、h is asking the students from Beijing about what they have and havenotdonein London. Askandanswerquestionsin pairs. Followtheexample.随后萨拉询问来自北京的学生在伦敦做过或没做过什么。仿照下面的例子，两人一组进行问答。Do shopping 购物See Big Ben看大本钟Alice爱丽丝XJGeorge乔治VXRobin罗宾VVSI： Haveyoudone any shoppingyet, Alice? 学生 1：爱丽丝，你购物了吗?S2： No, I ha

16、ven? t done any shopping yet.学生 2：不，我还没有购物。SI： Have you seen Big Ben yet? 学生 1：你看过大本钟 了吗？S2： Yes. Ive already seenit.学生2：是的，我已经看过它了。Key：SI： Have you done any shopping yet, George?S2： Yes. I ve already done some shopping.SI： Have you seen Big Ben yet?S2： No. I haven? t seen it yet.SI： Have you done a

17、ny shopping yet, Robin?S2： Yes, r ve already done some shopping.SI： Have you seen Big Ben yet?S2： Yes. ve already seen it.单元语法详解析语法解读现在完成时【观察】 Ithasbeenmyfavouritefilm so far.到目前为止，这是我最喜欢的电影。 I have learned many English songs.我学了许多英文歌。 I haven, t finished my homework.我还没有做完作业。 一HasAlice ever seen Ca

18、nton Tower?爱丽丝曾经见过广州塔吗？一No, she hasn, t. She, s never seen Canton Tower,不，她没有。她从未见过广州塔。【总结】（1）现在完成时通常用于表示已经完成而又与现在存在某种联系的动作或事情。（2）现在完成时的结构：句型结构肯定句主语+have / has+p.p.（过去分词）+否定句主语+have / has not+p.p.（过去分词）+,二主语+haven t / hasn t+p.p.（过去分词）+疑问句Have / Has+主语+p.p.（过去分词）+？【拓展】have / has been to 与 have / has

19、 gone to 的用法区别副调akeady、yet ever never用于现在宪成时的情况比较项目用法说明示例have / has been to意为“去过某地”，表示去过某 地，现在己经回来了；通常与表 示次数的状语连用，如twice.several times ever 或 never 等She has been to Europe twice. 她去过 欧洲两次。（已经回来了）1 have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长 城。have / has gone to意为“去了某地”，表示到某地 去了，强调说话时去某地的人不 在场（可能在途中，也可能

20、已到 达）一Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里？一He has gone to England.他去英国 了。（现在不在这里）【观察】 We ve already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history.关于中国文化和历史，我们已经了解了不少。 I havenJ t had luch yet.我还没有吃午餐。 一HaveyoueverbeentothellK?你曾经去过英国吗？一No, I have never been there.没有，我从来没有去过。【总结】already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句，一般放在have或has后面。ye

21、t意为“还；尚（未）”，常用于疑问句或否定句，常放在句末。ever意为“曾经”,never意为“从不”,常用于疑问句，放在have或has后面。表小否ZE的思思，构成否定句，放在have或has后面。中考真题（）1.（广州市中考）MissBrownwecleaning ourclassroom. Canwegohomenow?A. finish B. finishing C. arefinished D. havefinished（）2.（宜昌市中考）Internet businesstraditional business inthe past fewyears?一Not really.A.

22、 Does； beat B. Will； heat C. Has； beaten D. Is； beating（）3.（青岛市中考）一HowmanytimesCarltotheGreatWall?一Only once.A. does； go B. did； go C. has； gone D. has； been（）4. 可南省中考）1 heard anew songonthe radio. Ihigh andlowinthemusicstore. butl can tfindthe song.A. search B. have searched C. am searching D. will

23、 search（）5.（宜宾市中考）Overfifty countriestheAIIB（亚投行）so far.A. joined B. wasjoining C. hadjoined D. havejoined点拨1 .句意：“布朗老师，我们打扫完教室了，我们现在能回家吗？”分析句子结构可知。本句 需要填一个谓语动词，排除B；本句主语we与谓语finish构成主动关系，排除C；根据句意 可知，“完成”的动作已经发生过了，应用现在完成时表达。故选D。2 .由时间状语inthe past few years可判断用现在完成时。句意：“在过去的几年中互联网商 业已经击败了传统商业吗？” “不见得J故选C。3 .句意：“卡尔去过几次长城？”“只去过一次。”由对话中的“How many times”和“Onlyonce. ” 可知本句应为现在完成时。排除A和B。have / has gone to意为“到某地去了”; have / has been to意为“去过某地。故选D。4 .句意：“我在收音机里听到一首新歌。我在音乐商店上上下下地寻找，但是我没有找到这 首歌分析语境可知，过去“寻找”的动作对现在造成的影响是“没有找到”，应用现在完 成时表达。故选Bo.句意：“到目前为止，已经有50多个国家加入了亚投行J根据时间状语so far可知，应 用现在完成时。故选D。