UNIT4GRAMMAR-【教材解读】牛津深圳版英语九年级上册.docx

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1、Unit 4Problems and adviceGrammar英汉对译Grammar语法（教材第55页）Sentence elements: subjects, verbs, objects, complements and adverbials句子成分：主语、谓语动词、宾语、补语和状语1 Sentences in English usually have a subjcct（S） and a verb（V）.英语句子中通常有一个主语（S）和一个谓语动词（V）。The verb expresses theaclion.谓语动词表示动作。smi底微笑。/V谓语动词The subject is

2、the person or thingthat does the aclion.主语是做动作的人或物。I 我/S 主语2 Some sentences also have an object （0）.有些句子还有一个宾语（0）。The braces牙箍/S主语hurt伤害/V谓语动词my leeth.我的牙齿。/0宾语The object is the person or thingthat receives the action of the verb.宾语是接受谓语动词动作的人或物。3 Sentences with verbs such as give, bring, buy and se

3、nd can have a direct object（DO） and an indirect object （IO）.带有像give、bring、buy和send这样的动词的句子可以有一个直接宾语（DO）和一个间接宾 语（10）。The braces牙箍/S主语have brought带给/V谓语动词me ffi/IO间接宾语so much trouble.这么多麻烦。/DO直接宾语The indirect object is the person orthing that receives something.间接宾语是接收东西的人或物。The direct object is the t

4、hingthat is received.直接宾语是被收到的东西。Things to remember需要记住的事情When the indirect object conies after the direct object, to or for is used.当间接宾语放在直接宾语后面时，要用to或for。The brace牙箍/S主语have brought带了/V谓语动词so much trouble这么多麻烦/DO直接宾语me.我、IO间接宾语4 Some sentences have a linking verb followed by a complement (C).有些句子

5、有系动词，其后跟着一个补足语(C)。I我/S主语feel感到/V谓语动词A linking verb系动词embarrassed.尴尬。/C 补足语 The complement dcscribcsthc subject.补足语描述主语。Some sentences have an object followed by a complement (C).有些句子的宾语后跟着一个补足语(C)。mad.受不了了。/C补足语me我/O宾语is driving让/V谓语动词She她/S主语The complement describes the object.补足语描述宾语。Things to rem

6、ember需要记住的事情Verbs such as find, keep and make often use the above pattern.像find、keep和make这样的谓语动词经常使用上面的句式。I try to keep the room tidy.我尽量保持房间整洁。She makes me angry.她使我生气。5 Some sentences have an adverbial (A).有些句子有一个状语(A)。I我/S主语saw看见/V谓语动词a sick lady 一位生病的女士/0宾语two days ago.两天前。/A状语The adverbial adds

7、 information about time, place, etc.状语补充关于时间、地点等的信息。I我/S主语am studying学习/V谓语动词at home.在家。/A状语Look at the pictures below. Complete the sentences with the words in brackcts.Add other words if necessary.看下面的图片。用括号里的词完成句子。如有必要，可添加其他的词。Tom is a junior high school sludenl. (Tom, junior high school student,

8、 be) He visits his besl friends every weekend, (best friends, visit, every weekend) One of them isa boy called Alex.汤姆是名初中生。他每周都去探望他最好的好友。其中之是个叫亚历克斯的男孩。Last weekend, Alex showed Tom some new books in his flat. (Alex, some new books, showed, Tom, in his flat) Suddenly Alex knocked a flowerpot out of

9、his window by accident. This made (hem worried, (ihem. made, worried)上周末，亚历克斯在他的公寓里向汤姆展示了一些新书。突然，亚历克斯意外地把一个 花盆碰到了窗外。这让他们很担忧。Luckily, no one was hurt by the flowerpot. Then Alex and Tbm went out for an hour. (for, went out, an hour, Alex and Toni)幸好没有人被花盆所伤。然后亚历克斯和汤姆出去了一个小时。Alex and Toin reiurned lat

10、er ihal afternoon, (later that afternoon, returned) They saw a policeman questioning a boy about the broken flowerpot. They felt very bad(very bad, felt), but they did not know what to do.亚历克斯和汤姆在那天下午晚些时候返回。他们看见一名警察正在问一个男孩关于碎花 盆的问题。他们感觉很糟糕，但是他们不知道怎么办。单元语法详解析语法解读句子成分(1)英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、状语等。主语是全

11、句主体，动作的执行者，一般位于句首。.The braces hurt my teeth.牙箍伤害了我的牙齿。(名词作主语).He reads books every day.他每天都读书。(代词作主语) To see is to believe.眼见为真。（不定式作主语）.Smoking is harmful to our health.吸烟对我们的健康有害。（动名词作主语）.The rich should be willing to help.富人应该乐于助人。（名词化的形容词作主语）.Where we should go is not yet decided.我们应该去哪还没确定。（从句作

12、主语）谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，说明主语“做什么”。.He can speak Spanish.他会说西班牙语。（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）.We dont go （o school on Sunday.我们周日不上学。（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）宾语是动作、行为的对象或目标。.She is reading the newspaper now.她正在读报纸。（名词作宾语）.We often help him.我们经常帮助他。（代词作宾语）.He likes to play badminton.他喜欢打羽毛球。（不定式作宾语）.We enjoy listening to t

13、he music.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）.She says（that）she is ill.她说她病了。（从句作宾语）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。 They elected him the chairman.他们选他做主席。（名词作宾语补足语）This made her sad.这让她很伤心。（形容词作宾语补足语）.Please let him in.请让他进来。（副词作宾语补足语）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。.He ran quickly.他跑得很快。（副词作状语）.Her mother does some cleaning

14、 on Friday.她的妈妈周五做了一些清洁工作。（介词短语作状语） .He is proud to be the winner of the game他为成为此游戏的获胜者感到自豪。（不定式作状语） .When I woke up,I found myself lying on the ground.当我醒来，我发现自己躺在地上。（从句作 时间状语）（2）及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词 的直接对象，指物；间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所涉及的人，指人。间接宾语一般放在 直接宾语之前。间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人的间接宾语之前会出现介词

15、“t。”或下列动词后用 to:bring、feed、give、hand、lend、offer、pass、pay post、sell、send、show take teach、tell、writeo下歹U动词后用 for:buy、choose、cook、fetch、leave、make、order pick reserve、save。（3）常用基本句型:S+V（主+谓）I cried.我哭了。S+V+O（主+谓+宾）1 read books.我读书。S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+补）.We called him Henry.我们叫他亨利。S+V+A（主+谓+状）.They played in th

16、e garden.他们在花园玩。S+LV+P（主+系+表）It tastes good.这尝起来很美味。S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾）.Mom bought me a dictionary.妈妈给我买 了一本字典。中考真题（）（宿迁市中考）The structure of the sentence The students visited the museum. is.A.S+VB.S+V+DOC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC（【点拨】本题考查句子的基本结构。the students是主语；visited是谓语；the museum是直接宾语。故选B。）即学即练.单项选择

17、：按要求找出句子中对应的成分。宾语： How many books do Lou have?ABCD（2）表语： The flowers have turned red.ABCD补语： She found it interesting lo do （he work.ABCD（4）状语： He began lo learn English when he was eleven.ABCD.将下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语位置互换。(1) Dad told me a story.(2) She will buy me some flowers.(3) The sentence structure of She offers me some help. Is.A.S+V+OB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+CD.S+V+P(l.(l)A(2)D(3)C(4)D2.(1) Dad told a story to me.(2) She will buy some flowers for me.3.B)