高中英语语法专题讲解——虚拟语气.docx

《高中英语语法专题讲解——虚拟语气.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法专题讲解——虚拟语气.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、虚拟语气课前拓展:1、Bank holiday公共假期(在英国国定节假日叫Bank holiday,在国定假日银行不开门)2X coming of age不是时代来临，而是成年3、full of beans不是到处都是豆子，而是精力充沛一、语气的定义和种类1、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态 度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑 问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready.我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊！(2)祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命

2、令等。如:Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假 设或推测等。如：I如 were you, I should study English,如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed!祝您成功!6. He acted as if he everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won!t knowThey got up early in order that they their first train.A. caught

3、B. will catchC. might catch D. shall catchWould you have called her up had it been possible?Yes, but I busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had been D. would beHis tired face suggested that he really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. wasC. be D. should beCACDD ACAB二、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法1.条件句有两类：

4、一类是真实条件句一类是虚拟条件句。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事 ）2、结构:A.与现在事实相反werewould/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形B.与过去事实相反had +过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词C.与将来

5、事实相反C.与将来事实相反动词过去式should +动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形were to +动词原形如：If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切者B没问题了。If you had taken my advice, you wouldnft (couldn,t) have failed in the exam. 如 果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (woul

6、d, could, might) go to see my grandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。经典例题：1. If I where he lived, I a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they earlier than expected, they here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had starte

7、d, would have beenD. will start, might have beenBA注:*主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从 句中的should可用于各种人称。*有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟 语气)，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如:If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now,如果你当初听了医生 的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)3、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：(1)

8、省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should,可以 把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如：Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。经典例题：1.1 didnt know his telephone number. it, I then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I

9、know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him upWere I to do it, I it some other way.A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to dodidnt know his telephone number, otherwise I him.A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D

10、. telephoneDBC(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而 是通过介词短语来表示。例如：Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things.如果没有空气的 话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是 没有 你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：、It is important (strange, natural

11、, necessanQthat”这类句型里,that 所弓I 导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“khould十动词凝I”结构,表示某事是“重要“、“奇 怪“、咱然“、“必要”等意义。例如：It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每 个成员知道这些规则。经典例题：1. It is important that we wild animals.A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protectingIt is

12、 important that we.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leaveBD(四)、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法:1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿 望，从句通常省略连词that。A.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）o如：I wish I

13、knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知 道）；B.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用”had十过去分词”。如：I wish （wished） I hadnt spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。（实际上已经 花掉）C.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句 的主语与从句的主语不能相同。如：I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止I wish you would come soon,但愿你立亥U来。经典例题：1) . We wish we

14、what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. had doneD. should do. She wishes she to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD.were going). Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he be tall when he grows up.A. could B. shouldC. would D. were able to答案：ccc2.在

15、 succest, demand, order, propese, insist, command, request, desire 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should +动词原形卜,表示建议、要求、命令等。如：I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。经典例题. The teacher demanded that the exam before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished. She

16、made the demand that the journalists at once Iraq.A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for). The young man insisted that he nothing wrong and free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be set D. had done; must be set4) . I suggested there be a kind of language all could

17、 understand and useA. can; itB./; / C. would; it D. may; /5) . The suggestion has been made the basketball game put off.A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being.The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt. B. couldnt. C. neednt D. shouldnt) . Our monitor

18、requested that.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemthe problem was more carefully studiedB. with great care the problem could be studiedall the class study the problem more carefullyCACBB DD(五)、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句 都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例

19、如：Even if he had been ill, he would have gone this office.即使生 了病，他俩去办公 室。(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词 的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如：He treated me as if I were a stranger.She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看 过一样。经典例题：1) . He is talking so much about Amer

20、ica as if he there.A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone【注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气】经典例题：1) . The order came that the medical supplies to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sentAC六、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:It is time (that)”句型中，意思是”该干某事的时候了”。如：Its (hig

21、h) time we did our homework.我们该做作业了。经典例题：1)-What will you do during the summer holiday?-I dont know, but its high time something.A. Im deciding B. Til decide C. I decided D. I decide c课后练习him the answer possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should

22、 have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be2. You didnt take his advice.his advice, you such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnft have made B. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you to take; shouldnt have made D. Have you taken; wont have made3. My sister advised me that I accept the invitation.A. could B. mustC. should D. mightHe asks that he an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is given B. must giveC. should give D. be givenIt is quite natural that my coming late again them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make