2023届重庆市高考模拟调研卷英语试题（二）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2023届重庆市高考模拟调研卷英语试题（二）学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解New Stories Await Just for YouThe Origin of DiseaseCarolyn Merchant, JD & Christopher Merchant, MDContaining exciting information and thought, this book could help people find ways to improve or avoid diseases that can dramatically change lives. Pulling medica

2、l knowledge together in an original way, it provides a new vision for understanding chronic（慢t生的） disease, and challenges readers to think of chronic disease based on the root causes. For many people, medical books can be a hard barrier to jump, but this book is written in an accessible style and fo

3、rmat, and contains information useful to the lay person, not just medical professionals.From Healing to HellVV. H. Wall, JrFrom Healing to Hell is about the fall of a good and decent man and goes further to reveal the shocking details of how he was done a cruel injustice at the hands of a CIA govern

4、ment experiment with the drug LSD. The book tells the story of illegal activity by officials in power who operated in （he name of protecting the country.The Stuff of MonumentsRichard A. CrouseyLittle things occur regularly, forbidding us to recognize their significance. What finally causes them to b

5、lossom into sweetness is their fading away. Through the stories in the book, it is shown that the seasons of our lives arc made up of the stuff that went before. Nothing is truly lost. As one picture begins to fade, another begins to dawn.There Are No Monsters HereBuffy BrinkleyA little boy is afrai

6、d to go to bed when his mother announces his bedtime. He believes there may be monsters hiding in his room. However, his fear doesnt stop him from trying to find them. What his decision creates is a doonvay to acceptance and friendship. Out of fear conics delight, and the idea that what wc sec and h

7、ow wc initially judge a situation can beIn many of the stores downtown, I couldnt go to a lunch counter to buy a hamburger or a cup of coffee. I could not attend any of the theaters. There were one or two Negro theaters, but they didnt get any of the main pictures. If they did get them, they got the

8、m two or three years later.I had grown up hating not only segregation but also the cruel acts that grew out of it. 1 had seen police violence with my own eyes, and watched Negroes receive （he most tragic injustice in the courts. I can remember the organization known as the Ku Kux Klan. It stands out

9、 white supremacy（至高无上）,and it was an organization that in those clays even used violent methods to preserve segregation and to keep the Negro in his place. I remember seeing the Klan actually beat Negro. I had passed spots where Negroes had been savagely lynched （用私JB）. All of these things did somet

10、hing to my growing personality.In my late childhood and early adolescence, two incidents happened that had a tremendous effect on my development. The first was the first empty seats at the front of （he store. A young white clerk came up and murmured politely:Ill be happy to wait on you if youHl just

11、 move to those seats in the back. uDad immediately replied, Theres nothing wrong with these seats. Were quite comfortable here.44“Sorry, “said the clerk, “but youll have to move.44“WeH either buy shoes sitting here, 44my father said quickly, ?,or we wont buy shoes at all.续写词数应为150左右：1 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应

12、位置作答。Therefore he took me by the hand and walked out of the store.I remember riding with him another day when he accidentally drove past a stop sign.参考答案:1 . B 2, C 3. C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本新书。I.细节理解题。根据 The Origin of Disease 下面的介绍中“For many people, medical books can be a hard barrier to jump. but thi

13、s book is written in an accessible style and format, and contains information useful to the lay person, not just medical professionals.（对许多人来说,医学书籍可 能是一个难以跨越的障碍。但这本书是以一种易于阅读的风格和格式编写的，它包含了对外 行人有用的信息，而不仅仅是医学专业人士）并结合选项可知，这本书的目标读者是关心自 己的健康的人们。故选B项。2 .推理判断题。根据 The Stuff of Monuments F面的介绍中“Through the st

14、ories in the book, it is shown that （he seasons of our lives are made up of the sluff that went before.（通过书中的故 事，我们可以看到，我们生活的时节是由过去的东西组成的）”可知，书中有许多不同的故事； 从而推知，The Stuff of Monuments可能是一部短篇故事集。故选C项。3 .细节理解题。根据最后一本书的介绍中“Out of fear comes delight, and the idea that what we see and how wc initially judg

15、e a situation can be wrongthat what it takes to overcome ourfears can sometimes be the best way to make a friend.（恐惧带来快乐，而我们所看到的以及我们 最初如何判断一种情况的想法可能是错误的克服恐惧所需要的东西有时可能是交朋友 的最佳方式）”可知，在书中是他的勇气（克服恐惧所需要的东西）给他带来了友谊,故选C 项。4 . C 5. D 6. A 7. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 friend、hangout、funky等词的旧时用法。4 .细节理解题。根据第一段“If

16、you could friend someone, it was only natural, according to the productive rules of English word formation, that you could unfriend （hem, too. The word shows up in this example from 1659: I hope, sir, that we are not mutually （相互的）un-friended by tis difference which has happened between us. ”（如果你可以和

17、某人交朋友，根据英语构词法的有 效规则，你也可以解除他们的朋友关系。1659年的这个例子中出现了这样一个词：“我希望， 先生，我们不会因为我们之间发生的分歧而失去朋友。可知，unfriend”这个词是1659 年出现的。故选C。5 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since the 1600s, funk was slang（俚语）for the unpleasant smell of tobacco smoke, and by extension, anything that stank（臭的）.Cheeses, rooms, and especially ships toilets could

18、 be described as funky. （ 17世纪以来，funk是一种俚语，指烟草烟雾的难闻气 味，引申而言，指任何有臭味的东西。奶酪、房间，尤其是船上的厕所，可以说是臭的。 可知，无家可归的狗可以形容为臭的。故选D。6 .细节理解题。根据最后一段The application of fanboy to comics and science fiction had to wait until the 70s, but before that, there were sports fans, and in 1919 the paper in Decatur, Illinois, rep

19、orted that, *it was a shock to the fan boys when Cincinnati.beat the Chicago WhiteSox. ”（fanboy在漫画和科幻小说中的应用必须等到70年代，但在此之前，有体育迷。1919 年，伊利诺伊州迪凯特的报纸报道，“当辛辛那提击败芝加哥白袜队时，球迷们感到震 惊。户可知，fanboy这个词最初出现在体育运动中。故选A。7 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了 friend、hang out、funky等词的旧时用法。 故B项“Words That Are Much Older than They Seem（

20、比看起来老得多的单词）”最能概括本文 主旨。故选Bo. B 9. D 10. A 11. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶和咖啡深受人们喜爱，并简单说明了喝茶或咖啡的 好处。8 .词句猜测题。根据第一段前两句Lets face itmost of us cant resist a cup of tea or coffee sometimes .They * re a perfect pick-me-up and comforter（让我们认清现实吧 大多数人有时都 无法抗拒一杯茶或咖啡。它们是一种完美的鼓舞和安慰）”可知茶和咖啡有提神、安慰的作用， 结合划线单词后的“our busy l

21、ives”可知茶和咖啡能缓解我们忙碌的生活，由此可知划线词词 义为“缓解”，故选B项。9 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Andrew Steptoe, a professor from University College Londons Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, told BBC Food that drinking black tea “may speed up recovery from the daily stresses in life. but we do not know what ingredients of tea

22、 were responsible fbr these effects on stress recovery and relaxation”.（伦敦大学学院流行病学和 公共卫生学系教授Andrew Steptoe告诉BBC食品频道说，喝红茶”可以加快从日常生活压力 中恢复过来但我们不知道茶中的哪曲成分对压力恢复和放松有这些效果。可知，茶 里的某些成分有减轻压力、放松的效果，即让人们暂时忘记让他们烦恼的事情。故选D项。10 .细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句However, too much can lead to anxiety. Sleep scientistMatt Walker told

23、the BBC that caffeine can decrease the amount of restorative deep sleep you have.（然而，过多会导致焦虑。睡眠科学家Matt Walker告诉BBC,咖啡因会减少让人恢复 精力的深度睡眠。厂可知过度地饮用咖啡不利于睡眠。故选A项。11 .推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Researchers at Osaka University linked drinking a daily cup of coffee with a lower risk of death among both stroke survivo

24、rs and healthy people, while drinking seven or more cups of green tea was associated with a lower risk of death among both heart attack and stroke survivors. So. whether we turn to coffee or tea for its taste, its image or as a lifestyle choice, it could be a lifesaver!（大阪大学的研究人员发现，在中风幸存者和健康 人群中，每天喝

25、一杯咖啡的死亡风险较低，而在心脏病发作和中风幸存者中，喝七杯或更多 绿茶的死亡风险较低。所以，无论我们选择咖啡还是茶是因为它的味道、它的形象或作为一 种生活方式的选择，它都可能是我们的救命稻草！户可知这篇文章主要告诉读者喝茶或者咖 啡对身体有好处。所以这篇文章取自于杂志的“健康”部分。故选D项。12 . B 13. D 14. A 15. C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Elon Musk等人一起签署的一封公开信，谈论了作 者对人工智能在武器中使用的担忧。12 .细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tesla and SpaccX Chief Executive Elon Musk has joi

26、ned dozens of CEOs of artificial intelligence companies in signing an open letter urging the United Nations to ban the use of AI in weapons before the technology gets out of hand.（特斯拉和 SpaceX 的苜席执 行官Elon Musk与数卜家人工智能公司的首席执行官一起签署了一封公开信，敦促联合国在 技术失控之前禁止在武器中使用人工智能。户及第二段中“The letter was published Mondayt

27、he same day the U. N. was to discuss ways to protect civilians from the misuse ofautomated weapons （自动武器）.（这封信于周一发表，同一天，联合国将讨论如何保护平民免 受自动武器的滥用。可知，Ekm Musk在公开信上签名是为了保护人类免受人工智能的潜 在危险。故选B项。13 .细节理解题。根据第四段中“The letter warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence in weapons, which could be used in as

28、sassinations （暗杀）.overturning nations, and selectively killing a particular ethnic group.（这封信警告了人工智能武器的危险，它可能被用于暗杀、颠 覆国家，以及选择性地杀害一个特定的种族。第五段中“Lower costs, as well as the fact that 答案第3页，共11页they dont risk the lives of military personnel, have contributed to their rising popularity.（更低的 成本，以及它们不冒军事人员

29、生命危险的事实，使它们越来越受欢迎。广以及第六段中“AI weapons would take things a step further, removing human involvement entirely, and potentially improving efficiency.（人工智能武器将更进一步，完全消除人类的参与，并有可能提高效率 可知，人工智能在武器中的使用可能会颠覆国家、选择性地杀害一个特定的种族并有可能提 高效率，但不会拿军事人员的生命冒险。故选D项。14 .词句猜测题。划线词句后文“It will only be a matter of time until the

30、y appear on the black market and in the hands of terrorists, dictators or warlords （军阀）.（它们出现在黑市上，落入恐怖 分子、独裁者或军阀手中，只是时间问题。）”说明人工智能武器会给世界带来很多威胁，从 而推知划线词句But they could also open a whole new box of worms, according to the letter, lowering the level fbr going to battle and creating a global arms race i

31、n which horrible technology can be mass-produced and misused.（但是，根据信中的说法，they could also open a whole new box of worms,，降低作战级别，并造成一场全球军备竞赛，在这场竞赛中，可怕 的技术可能会被大规模生产和滥用。厂其中划线部分应为“人工智能武器会给世界带来很多 威胁”的意思。故选A项。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Artificial intelligence technology has reached a point where the use of such sys

32、tems is-practically, if not legally-achievable within years, and the risks are high. It will only be a matter of time until they appear on the black market and in the hands of terrorists, dictators or warlords （军阀）.（人工智能技术已经达到了这样一种程度，即使在几年内不能在法 律上实现，这种系统的使用也几乎是可以实现的，而且风险很高。它们出现在黑市上，落入 恐怖分子、独裁者或军阀手中，

33、只是时间问题。广可知，作者对人工智能在武器中的使用是 担忧的。故选C项。16 . E 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解了四个选择大学时一定要避免的误区，帮助读者 更好地选择专业。16. . Choose a major only based on money（l.只根据钱来选择专业）”为本段小标题,起着统领本段的作用；小标题谈到误区之一是以金钱为标准，故本段都与金钱有关。E项“当 你只根据钱来选择专业时，就会犯这个错误。”中based on money为原文复现。故选E项。17. 上文“The truth is, choosing a maj

34、or with high-paying career options will not actually guarantee 答案第4页，共11页you a high-paying job.（事实是，选择一个高薪职业选择的专业并不能保证你得到一份高薪工 作 o ）“和下文“If there are limited openings, the job will go to someone who is truly interested in the 加Id.（如果有有限的空缺，工作将会给真正对该领域感兴趣的人。户表示，专业不能保证高 薪，好的工作岗位会给有兴趣的有心人。空处承上启下，故也需要提及

35、工作岗位。F项“这 完全取决于你毕业时的职位空缺和你的竞争对手。”中openings为原文复现。故选F项。18. 上文小标题“2. A hobby is never meant to be your priority（2.爱好从来不是你优先考虑的事 情）”提至本段关键词 hobby“爱好；下 Merriam-Webster defines a hobby as a pursuit outside ones regular occupation engaged in especially fbr relaxation. According to a photographer named Jeni

36、ka, passions differ from hobbies in that passions are not relaxing.（韦氏词典对爱好的定义是 “一个人在正常职业之外的一种追求，尤其是为了放松而从事的一种追求”。据一位名叫Jenika 的摄影师说，激情与爱好不同，因为激情不会让人放松。）“同样也重复出现该关键词“爱好”， 提到爱好和激情的区别：由此可以推测出，空处也与爱好和激情相关。D项“很多时候，人 们会混淆他们的爱好和激情。”符合段意。故选D项。19. 该空为本段小标题。下文“Being interested in a major is a start, but dont

37、stop there. Researching the field will help you be sure that a major is right for you.（对专业感兴趣是一个开始, 但不要止步于此。研究这个领域可以帮助你确定这个专业是否适合你。户强调不能仅仅停留 在感兴趣这一步，一定要对专M做研究：由此推出，本段以研究专业为主。A项“选择专业 凭感觉，而不去研究。”与本段意义相反，是选专业时会走的误区，符合段意。故选A项。20. 上文“The opinions of your friends and family arent something to ignore, but

38、the choice is uhimalelyyours.（朋友和家人的意见不容忽视，但最终决定权在你自己。户和下文“You11 only truly enjoy and succeed in the field if you wanted to be in it in the first place.（只有你一开始就想 在这个领域工作，你才会真正喜欢这个领域并取得成功。户均强调的是，“你”才是选专业的 主体，决定权在自己手里；空处承上启下，也需要强调的是选择专业、做决定的“主体性 C项“你是那个在努力并获得学位的人。”强调了学习和毕业的主体，符合段意。故选C项。21. C 22. D 23.

39、 D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B32. C 33. C 34. B 35. A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个小男孩失去双亲却通过自己的善意的行为想要 收集三万三千个微笑的故事。21 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是每个孩子最可怕的噩梦，6岁的杰登海耶斯经历了两次。 A. once 一次；B. yet到目前为止；C. twice两次;D. then那时、然后。根据后文“First he lost his dad when he was four and then last month his mom 2 unexpect

40、edly in her sleep.“可知，杰登海耶斯失去了双亲，所以最可怕的噩梦是经历了两次。故选C项。22 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：他四岁时失去了父亲，上个月他的母亲在睡梦中意外去世。 A. cried 哭泣；B. fought 打架；C. stayed 留下;D. died 死亡。结合前文“It is every kids worst nightmare and six-year-old Jaden Hayes has lived it twice.“可知，杰登海耶斯双亲都去世了。 故选D项。23 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我试了又试，我试了又试，我试着让她醒过来，但我做 不到，”

41、杰登说。A. delighted快乐的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. absent缺席的；D. awake醒的。 结合上文可知，杰登的妈妈在睡梦中意外去世，杰登还太小，以为妈妈只是睡着了，于是是 想把妈妈叫醒。固定短语get sb. awake意为“唤醒某人”，符合文意。故选D项。24 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：杰登的心碎是可以理解的。A. understandably可以理解地； B. impossibly不可能地；C. hardly几乎不；D. easily简单地。结合上文和常识，六岁的小男 孩失去双亲，他伤心难过是可以理解的。故选A项。25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的悲伤还有另

42、一面。A. comedy喜剧；B. grief悲伤；C. favor 赞成,帮忙：D. freedom 自由。结合上文“Jaden is understandably heartbroken.”可知, 杰登很伤心，故空处也需要填和heartbroken意义或感情相同的词。B项“悲伤”为近义词。故 选B项。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:他有个解决方案。A. fix解决；Breach到达；C. hide躲藏; D. obey 遵循。根据前文“he was sick and tired of seeing everyone sad all the lime.“可知，杰登不 喜欢看到每个人都很悲伤的

43、样子，于是想了一个办法解决这个问题，改变这一现状。A项“解 决”，符合文意。故选A项。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是冒险开始的地方。A. pace步子：B. pattern图案；C. adventure冒险，经历：D. anger愤怒。纵观后文可知，是在详细介绍杰登的计划；结合实际， 对于一个六岁的小男孩来说，他做的这些事情确实可以算得上是一次“冒险经历,，或“很刺激 的经历，故选C项。28 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰登让他的阿姨芭芭拉买了一堆小玩具，带他到乔治亚州， 萨凡纳市中心，他住的地方附近，这样他就可以把玩具送人了。A. balls球；B. toys玩具； C. flower

44、s 花；D. fruits 水果。根据下文“It is just so overwhelming to some people that asix-year-old orphan would give away a toy-expecting nothing 14_except a smile.“可知，杰登是在分发玩具，其中toy为原文复现。故选B项。29 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：杰登让他的阿姨芭芭拉买了一堆小玩具，带他到乔治亚州， 萨凡纳市中心，他住的地方附近，这样他就可以把玩具送人了。A. sell them out卖光；B. set them up 设置；C. set them asi

45、de 预留：D. give them away 捐赠。根据下文“It is just so overwhelming to some people that a six-year-old orphan would give away a toyexpecting nothing 14except a smile.”可知，杰登是在分发玩具，其中give away为原词复现。故选D项。30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我在努力让人们微笑，贾登说。A. smile微笑；B. feel感 觉：C. succeed 成功：D. talk 谈话。根据下文“It is just so overwhelmin

46、g to some people that a six-ycar-old orphan would give away a toy-expecting nothing 14except a smile.“可 知，杰登分发玩具是为了让人们快乐、微笑起来，其中smile为原词登现。故选A项。31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰登的目标是那些没有微笑的人，然后让他们的一天变得更 好。A. desires想要；B. largels以为目标；C. allacks攻击；D. rescues解救。结合上文可知，杰登是把玩具分发给路人，让他们开心、微笑；由此可以推测出，他分发玩具的目标群 体为没有微笑的人。B项

47、以为目标”符合句意。故选B项。32 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经去到四次不同场合，他也总是很成功。A. serious 严肃的；B. stubborn固执的;C. successful成功的;D. troublesome麻烦的。空前and表示并 歹!、递进和顺承；后文“Even if sometimes he doesnt get exactly the 13 he was hopingfor”表示，即使有时候不如他的意。由此可以推测出，前文是想表达他每次的活动都很成功， 即使有时活动效果没有那么好。故选C项。33 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使有时候他并没有得到他想要的反应。A. gi

48、ft礼物；B. difficulty困难；C. reaction反应,行动；D. excuse借口。结合上文,杰登分发玩具是为了让 大家微笑，而结合常识可知，微笑是一个面部表情，即人们看到玩具后做出的反应和行为。 故选C项。34 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：这对一些人来说是如此的不可思议，一个六岁的孤儿会把一 个玩具送给别人除了一个微笑，什么也不求回报。A. in need有需要的；B. in return作 为回报；C. for fun为了好玩；D. on show上映。结合上文，杰登分发玩具是为了让大家微笑， 所以是除了微笑，别无他求，不求任何回报。故选B项。35 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：

49、当被问及他是否认为自己可以实现这个目标时，他回答说: 答案第7页，共11页wrongthat what it takes to overcome our fears can sometimes be the best way to make afriend.1. Who are the targeted readers of the book The Origin of Disease?A. Students preferring challenges.B. People caring about their health.C. Researchers in the chemistry lab.D. Doctors in the emergency room.2. Which book is most likely to be a co