第十五章+动词的-ed分词+讲义+2023届高考英语语法专题一轮复习.docx

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1、第十五章动词的-ed分词-ed分词即传统语法中所说的过去分词，它也是一种非谓语动词。一、-ed分词的句法功能（一）作定语作定语的-ed分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词前面，它表示被动和完成，而-ing形式作前 置定语则表示主动和进行含义。比较：boiled water 开水boiling water 沸腾的水frozen food 冷冻食品a freezing wind刺骨寒风developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家-ed分词短语作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词后面。如：He started a new programme cal

2、led communism”.他提出一项称之为共产主义”的新纲领。People developed a kind of paper made from the fibres of plants.人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。This is one of the houses built last year.这是去年建的一所房子。（二）做宾语补足语在某些动词如hear, see, make, find, keep等后可用-ed分词作宾补，表示一个被动的已完成的动 作。如：What should you do if you find a person trapped under a car?如

3、果发现有人被压在车下，你该 怎么办？I found all the windows broken.我发现所有的窗子都被打破了。注意“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”的不同含义uhave/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”归纳起来有3种不同含义:L表示让/叫别人（为自己）做某事。如:Hes going to have his hair cut.他要去理发。She had her house repaired.她（请人）修理了房屋。They are going to get their telephone put in.他们打算请人安装电话。2 .表示“使完成某事“，可以是别人完成

4、，也可以是自己参与完成。如：We must have / get the work finished by 10 o, clock.我们在 10 点钟之前得把工作做完。In that year he had a hundred yuan saved.那年他积蓄了 100 元。3 .表示“遭遇某事，常指不幸之事。如：She had her house damaged in the storm.她的房屋在暴风雨中毁坏九Charles was sentenced to death and would have his head cut off the next day. 杳尔斯被判 处死刑，次日将被

5、砍头。（三）作状语-ed分词短语作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种-ed分同短语相 当于个状语从句。这种分词（短语）作状语时，句子的主语是-ed分词所表示的动作的承受者。如：Born a free man, he was now in chains.他生来是个自由人，现在却戴上/镣铸。（表示让步）Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.他的足智多谋广为人知。因此他能帮助很多人解决私事。（表下原因

6、）Dr Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room.我和华生医生将要锁在你的屋里过夜。 （表不伴随）注意-ed分词前带连词-ed分词（短语）作状语时，也可在前面加上when, if, while, though等连词,以便明确是作何种状 语。如：If fal lowed, he would eat all the food in the house.如果被允许，他会把家里的食物全吃了。Even if invited, I won t go to his party.即使被邀请,我也不去参加他的聚会。When asked why h

7、e did it, he said nothing.当问至他为什么做这件事时， 他什么也没说。教你巧学巧记：现在分词的被动式与过去分词用法区别现在分词的被动语态形式和过去分词虽然都有被动的含义，但它们在时间关系上是有差别的。一、如果分词做定语或宾语补足语，表示说话的时候正在进行的动作或是与谓语动词同时进行的动作， 该用现在分词的被动语态的一般形式。如：.The large building being built will be a hospi tai.2. The watch being repaired is yours.3. They saw the stones being moved

8、 away.二、当分词作状语时，表示行为方式或伴动作，尽管它与谓语动作是同时进行，也常常不用现在分 词的被动语态的一般形式，而用过去分词。如：1. The Emperor went to see the cloth, fol lowed by the old Prime Minister and the officials.2. He slipped in at the back door unnoticed.三、如果分词表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生,一般可以用过去分词来译分词所表示的那 个动作。如：1. The book written by him has been transl

9、ated into English.2. Hit in the face, he became angry.四、如果要强调分词表示的动作先于谓语动作，可以用现在分词的被动式的完成式，在这种情况卜.分 词常用作状语。如：1. Hav i ng been given such a good chance, how could she let i t slip away?2. Not having been invited, he stayed al home watching TV.五、如果分词所表示的动作时间性不强，常用过去分词去译。如：1. The continent connected wi

10、th Asia 1ies at the Suez Canal in Africa.2. Turn in everything captured.六、如果要表示将来的动作，则过去分词和现在分词的被动语态形式都不能用，只能用不定式的被动 语态的一般式。如：1. There are a lot of things to be done tomorrow.2. The meeting to be held the day after tomorrow is very important.（四）作表语作表语的-ed分词大多已转化为形容词，用来表示主语所处的状态。常见的这类-ed分词有 disappoin

11、ted（失望的），astonished（惊讶的）,excited（激动的）,interested（感兴趣的），satisfied（满 足的），surprised（惊奇的），frightened（害怕的）等。如：She looked disappointed,她看起来很失望。I was not satisfied with the result.我对那个结果感到不满意。教你巧学巧记：巧用“令（使）人”解的动词分词式在中学英语本中出现了一些意为“令（使）人”的动词，许多同学对这些词在理解、运用上把握不准。 因此，我们拟作以分析，告诉同学们运用之法。请先看口诀：过去分词作表定，修饰通常是人称。表示“

12、使人”怎么样，皆由外因出感情。现在分词作表定，主语常是事、物名。表示“令人”怎么样，说明性质或特征。一、课本中出现的这类动词有：interesting, interested;exciting, excited;frightening, frightened; surprising, surprised; tiring,tired;encouraging,encouraged;puzzling, puzzled;astonishing, astonished： worrying, worried; del ighting, delighted; pleasing, pleased; touch

13、ing, touched satisfying, satisfied二、它们的特点：1 .在句中作表语、定语、补足语和状语。2 .这类动词都与它们的逻辑主语有着主谓关系（此时动词为现在分词）或动宾关系（此时动词为过 去分词）。三、具体用法：1 .作表语（主语指物、事）或作定语（被修饰词指物、事）时，用现在分词。如：II s well-known that a liger looks very frightening.Such a surprising event took place in this area.2 .作表语（主语指人）或作定语（被修饰词指人）时，用过去分词。如：We were

14、moved at the news that he had died for the four modernizations.3 .用作主语补足语:主语指人，用过去分词；主语指物（事），用现在分词。如：John Baird could be scon delighted when he saw the boy s face on the screen.To do that was once thought quite interesting.4 .用作宾语补足语:宾语指人，用过去分词；宾语指物（事），用现在分词。如：The owner of the shop found Tom dumbfou

15、nded.Do you feel this cloth satisfying?5 .用作状语，此时多为过去分词表示原因。如：Greatly touched by his teacher s deeds,the student got rid of his bad habits.6 .构成短语或被动语态时，带过去分词。如：When Bashi became tired of riding, he started to walk.二、-ed分词用于独立主格结构有时由名词通格或代词主格加上一个-ed分词构成独立主格结构。这种结构多用来表示行为方式或伴 随状况，有时用来表示时间、原因、条件等。这时-e

16、d分词与前面的名词通格或代词主格是被动的逻辑主谓关系。如：He rushed into the room, his face covered ( = was covered ) with sweat.他满脸是汗跑了进来。 (表示伴随)His work finished (=was finished), he prepared to go home.干完活后,他就准备回家。(表示时 问)表示伴随情况的独立主格结构，有时可由with+宾语十-ed分词”构成。如：There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a circle.还有一支枪和 一根细绳，绳子的末端扎成一个圈。With his home-work finished ahead of time, he began to use his computer to write his diary. 他提前把作业做完了，接着就开始用电脑写日记。有时我们也可以用名词通格/代词主格+-ing形式”构成独立主格结构，这时这两部分之间的关系是主 动的逻辑主谓关系。如：Weather permitting, well go out to cl imb the hill.天气好的话,我们就去爬山。