南京财经大学外国语学院821英语翻译与写作历年考研真题汇编.docx

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1、目录2011年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真题2010年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真题2009年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真题2008年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真题2007年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真题markets are dedicated to finding and funding new competitors. Incumbents ignore this fact to their peril: if they dont cannibalize their product lines, someone else will do

2、it for them. Even the greatest of brand names are not immune. As the authors ask rhetorically, would IBM even exist today had it stuck lo its core business in mainframe computers? “Unless the corporation can learn to overcome the natural bias lor denial, they write, “it will, in the long term, tail

3、or at best underperform ”The successful company, Foster and Kaplan conclude, is one that manages for discontinuity. It presumes change. It is comlortable with fluid and even vague decision making. It has relatively flat hierarchies. In short, it adopts the fearlessness of capital markets ihemselvcs.

4、 And it doesnt have to be a slarl-up, or even a young company, lypical success stories include Coming, which shifted its business from glass to optical fiber just in time to capture a growing market, and General Electric, which dumped one tifth of its asset base in 山c first four years of Jack Welchs

5、 tenure as CEO.Not long ago, it was fashionable to liken business to warfare. Executives were reading Sun-tm, Machiavelli and Clausewitz Ibr guidance on how lo overcome the competition. Bui business diilers trom war in one vital respect. In war the advantage lies with the defense. In the New Economy

6、, as Foster and Kaplan make clear, it belongs to the attacker.2009年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真南京财经大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷考试科目：817英语翻译与写作适用专业：英语语言文学考试时间：2009年1月11日下午2： 00-5： 00注意事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。一、Explain the following terms in Chinese.（共 2 题，每题 10 分，共计 20 分）1 .正反译法2 .递降二、Answer the following q

7、uestion.（You may use both English and Chinese）（共 1 题，每题20分，共计20分）Giving examples to illustrate the use of antonomasia （借代）in translation .Translate the following phrases from Chinese into English and vice versa.（共10题，每题1分，共计10分）毛遂自荐 小题大做打破僵局 放下架子 唱反调Walk off with something.Talk and laugh cheerfullyT

8、alk at randomKeep a still tongue in ones headAwait with great anxiety四、Translate the following Chinese passage into English.（共 1 题，每题 25 分, 共计25分）停止住房实物分配，逐步实行住房分配货币化，是中国十年住房制度改革的重大 突破。根据国家不同的住房供应政策，最终将形成三类住房供应体系，即高收入者购 买、租赁市场价商品住房；中低收入者购买经济适用房；最低收入者租用政府或单位 提供的廉租住房，从而建立起以经济适用房为主的多层次城镇住房供应体系。在此基础上。中央

9、要求各地从实际出发、从本地区经济发展的全局出发，合理确 定住房补贴标准。城镇居民则应做好准备，用20-25年时间拿出家庭收入的20%左右 来购买住房。五、Translate the following English passage into Chinese.(共 1 题，每题 25 分， 共计25分)On their silver-wedding day Ashurst and his wife were motoring along the outskirts of the moor, intending to celebrate the festival by stopping the

10、night at Torquay, where they had first met. This was the idea of Stella Ashurst, whose character contained a streak of sentiment. If she had long lost the blue-eye,flower-like charm, the cool slim purity efface and form, the apple-blossom colouring which had so swiftly and so oddly affected Ashurst

11、twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.六、Writing.(共1题，每题30分，共计30分)Suppose you are writing an essay of about 400 words on this topic: Why Do You Think the Celebrati

12、on of the 30th Anniversary of the International Friendly Exchange Should Be Held in Nanjing This Year?” You should argue from the following three aspects: history; city and culture (30 pointsa) Write the introductory paragraph of this essay. This paragraph should contain a thesis statement and shoul

13、d not be too long.b) Write down the topic sentences for the three body paragraphs.c) Write out the entire paragraph that presents you most important argument. The paragraph should have a topic sentence and should have supporting evidence. It should not be too long. (Note the entire essay is only abo

14、ut 400 words.(Warning: you will not get any score if you write out the entire essay.)“匕.Read the following passage. Write a shortened form of a piece of writing of about 80 words.(共1题，每题20分，共计20分)Less than a year ago, a new generation of diet pills seemed to offer the long-sought answer to our chron

15、ic weight problems. Hundreds of thousands of pound-conscious Americans had discovered that a drug combination known as fen-phen could shut offvoracious appetites like magic, and the FDA had just approved a new drug, Redux, that did the same with fewer side effects. Redux would attract hundreds of th

16、ousands of new pill poppers within a few months. But now the diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash. Some of the nations largest HMOs, including Aetna U.S. Healthcare and Prudential Healthcare have begun cutting back or eliminating reimbursement （退款补 偿、 报销）for both pills. Several states, meanwhil

17、e, have restricted the use of fen-phen. Last week the Florida legislature banned new prescriptions entirely and called on doctors to wean （使断绝）current patients from the drug within 30 days; it also put a 90-day limit on Redux prescriptions. Even New Jersey doctor Sheldon Levine, who touted Redux las

18、t year on TV and in his book The Redux Revolution, has stopped giving it to all but his most obese patients.The reason for all the retrenchment （紧缩、 册U节）：potentially lethal side effects. Over the summer, the FDA revealed that 82 patients had developed defects in their heart values while on fen-phen,

19、 and that seven patients had come down with the same condition on Redux.As if that werent bad enough,physicians reported that a woman who had been taking fen-phen for less than a month died of primary pulmonary hypertension, a sometimes fatal lung condition already associated with Redux. And an arti

20、cle in the Journal of the American Medical Association last month confirmed earlier reports that both fen-phen and Redux can cause brain damage in lab animals. These findings led the New England Journal to publish editorial admonishing doctors to prescribe the drugs only for patients with severe obe

21、sity. Meanwhile, FDA asked drug makers to put more explicit warnings on fen-phen and Redux labels. Since mid-July, prescriptions for fen-phen have dropped 56%, and those for Redux 36%, according to IMS America, a pharmaceutical market research firm. Manufacturers said from the start that their pills

22、 offered a short-term therapy for the obese.FDA approved Redux with just such a caveat, and when limited to these patients, the drugs may still make sense despite the risks because morbid obesity carries its own dangers, including heart disease, diabetes and stroke. Too often, however, Redux and fen

23、-phen were peddled to all comers, almost like candy. The current backlash, says Levine, is a nroller coaster that never should have happened.2008年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真南京财经大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷考试科目：817英语翻译与写作适用专业：英语语言文学考试时间：2008年1月20日下午2： 00-5： 00注意事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。一、Explain the followi

24、ng terms in Chinese.（共 2 题，每题 10 分，共计 20 分）1 .增词译法2 换序译法二、Answer the following question.(You may use both English and Chinese)(共 1 题，每题20分，共计20分)Giving examples to illustrate the priority of free translation method over literal translation method. (You may answer the question both in English and Chi

25、neseTranslate the following phrases from Chinese into English and vice versa.Translate the following phrases from Chinese into English and vice versa.（共10题，每题1分，共计10分）空中楼阁；唇枪舌剑；恻隐之心；声势浩大，不可阻挡;六神无主Have ones nose in the airHit the nail on the head Sweep the board to get the green light turn over a new

26、 leaf四、Translate the following Chinese passage into English.(共 1 题，每题 25 分， 共计25分)首先，我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定颁奖给联合国维持和平行动。他们 的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会，向那些为和平行动派遣部队或提供后 勤支援的国家表示深深的感谢。我们要把这种遏制冲突的伟大实验的成功归于他们的 自愿合作。和平，这个词唤起了人们对人道的最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平过去是，现在仍 然是人类最崇高的希冀。然而，我们大部分历史却表明，当我们无休止地谈论和平时, 我们的行动却在讲述一个迥然不同的故事。五、Trans

27、late the following English passage into Chinese.(共 1 题，每题 25 分， 共计25分)Dozing off, he dreamed that Qiguan had come to tell of his capture by prince Zhongshuns steward; after which Jinchuan appeared, in tears, to explain why she had thrown herself into the well. Half sleeping and half waking, he paid

28、only scant attention. But then he felt himself shaken and caught the faint sound of sobbing. He opened his eyes with a start to see Daiyu. Suspecting at first that this was another dream, he propped himself up to look at her more closely. Her eyes were swollen, her face was bathed at her longer, but

29、 the pain in his legs was so unbearable that he fell back with a groan.“You shouldn/t have come； he said, Though the suns set, the ground is still hot. Walking here and back may make you unwell again, fm not in any pain after my beating, just putting on an act to fool them so that word of it will ge

30、t out to my father, fm shamming actually. Dont you worry about me.”六、Writing.(共1题，每题30分，共计30分)Suppose you are writing an essay of about 400 words on this topic: Do Some Young People Today Have Feudalistic Thinking? You should argue from the following three aspects: parents; society and marriage (30

31、points)a Write the introductory paragraph of this essay. This paragraph should contain a thesis statement and should not be too long.b Write down the topic sentences for the three body paragraphs.c Write out the entire paragraph that presents you most important argument. The paragraph should have a

32、topic sentence and should have supporting evidence. It should not be too long. (Note the entire essay is only about 400 words.(Warning: you will not get any score if you write out the entire essay.)七、 Read the following passage. Write a shortened form of a piece of writing of about 80 words.(共 1 题，每

33、题 20 分，共计 20 分)(270words)Given modern medicines capabilities, always to do what is technologically possible to prolong life would be morally indefensible on any ground other than vitalistic outlook; that is, that biological survival is the first-order value and that all other considerations, such as

34、 personality, dignity, well-being and self-possession, necessary take second place, vestigial last-ditch provitalists still mumble threateningly about “what the Nazis did, but； in fact, the Nazis never engaged in euthanasia or mercy killing: what they did was merciless killing, either genocidal or f

35、or ruthless experimental purposes.The traditional ethics based on the sanctity of lifewhich was the classicdoctrine of medical idealism in its prescientific phases must give way to code of ethics based on the quality of life. This new ethics comes about for human reason. It is a result of modern med

36、icines success, not failure. New occasions teach new duties; time makes ancient good uncouth, as Whittier said.Many of us look upon living and dying as we do upon health and medical care- as person centered. This is not solely or basically a biological understanding of what it means to be “alive and

37、 to be dead”. It asserts that a so-called vegetable, a braindamaged victim of an auto accident or a microencephalic newborn or a case of massive neurologic deficit and lost cerebral capacity, is no longer a human being, no longer a person, no longer really alive. It is personal function that counts,

38、 not biological function. Humanness is understood as primarily rational, not psychological. This doctrine of man puts man and reason before life. It holds that being human is more “valuable than being alive.2007年南京财经大学821英语翻译与写作考研真南京财经大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷考试科目：417英语翻译与写作适用专业：英语语言文学考试时间：2007年1月2

39、1日下午14： 00-17： 00注意事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。I .Explain the following terms in Chinese.（共 2 题,每题 10 分,共计 20 分）1 .转态译法2 . 合词译法 II. Answer the following questions.（You may use both English and Chinese）（共1题，每题20分，共计20分）Applying translation theory and giving examples to illustrate the variety of trans

40、lation. III. Translate the following phrases from Chinese into English and vice versa.（共10题，每题1分，共计10分）安分守己门庭若市攀龙附凤扬汤止沸灯红酒绿forgive and forgetthe fifth columnat a nonplusto haggle over every pennyto hold a candle to the sunR/.Translate the following Chinese passage into English.（共 1 题,每题 25 分, 34计25分

41、）气势磅礴的太平洋冲刷着五大洲一一北美洲，南美洲，亚洲，大洋州和南极洲一 的海岸。太平洋在东南方与大西洋汇合，在西南方与印度洋相接。然而，巨大的太 平洋最美妙只之处不在大陆的海岸上，也不在沿海的岛屿上，而是在远离陆地的海域, 在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。在那里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚 虫在这里活动、死亡，形成了数不胜数的环状岛屿，这些岛屿被称为环礁。散发着鲜花和香料芬芳的微风轻轻地吹拂着南太平洋诸岛。明媚温暖的白天和清 澈而凉爽的夜晚交相更替。滚滚巨浪拍打着海岸发出阵阵轰鸣，椰树柔弱的枝叶在空 中低声吟唱着催眠曲

42、。V - Translate the following English passage into writings in classical Chinese.（共 1题，每题25分，共计25分）Adding Feet to a Snake While Drawing ItA native of Chu after worshipping his ancestors gave his retainers a pot of wine. One of the retainers said: Its insufficient for all of us, but too much for one o

43、f us. I suggest therefore, that we draw snakes on the ground, and the one who first finishes drawing the snake will win the pot of wine, When one retainer had completed his drawing, he took the pot to drink. As he held it in his left hand, he continued to draw the snake with his right hand, saying:

44、I can add feet to it. While he was adding feet to his snake, another man who had then drawn his snake snatched the pot from his hand, protesting: No snake has feet. How can you add feet to it?” Then he drank the wine.Vl.Writing.（共1题，每题30分，共计30分）Suppose you are writing an essay of about 400 words on

45、this topic: Is It Wise to Begin English Learning in Kindergarten You should argue from the following three aspects: the teacher, the learner, and the learning environment. 30 pointsa Write the introductory paragraph of this essay. This paragraph should contain a thesis statement and should not be to

46、o long.b Write down the topic sentences for the three body paragraphs.c Write out the entire paragraph that presents you most important argument. The paragraph should have a topic sentence and should have supporting evidence. It should not be too long. （Note the entire essay is only about 400 words.

47、）（Warning: you will not get any score if you write out the entire essay.）d I . Read the following passage. Write a precis of about 80 words.（共 1 题，每题 20分，共计20分）Te great artists of the past, despite the love lavished on them by the scholars and esthetes, are becoming more and more remote and unfamili

48、ar. T others because we are moving into a world of non-art. One has only to compare the world of the long sea voyage, sunsets, leisure, complete works of so-and-so, with the still mildly esthetic world of the train and then with the completely incurious existence of the air passenger with his few re

49、assuring leaflets issued by the company, his meals wrapped up in cellophane in a cardboard box, his copy of time in case the sleeping pill doesnt work. This unseen, unreading traveler is a symbol of the new public. Poetry of this civilization may well cease to exist, for no one except a few professors will posses