Unit2Robots语法复习不定式2学案-高三英语一轮复习人教新课标选修七.docx

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1、高中英语人教版新课标选修7Unit2语法复习不定式2【课前检查】完成句子Lightning usually thunder, followed by a storm.雷声常常伴随着闪电而来，接下来就是暴风雨。1. Many teachersboys, without even realizing it themselves.许多老师偏爱男生，甚至他们自己也没有意识到这一点。2. Mr. Steel bankrupt.斯蒂尔先生被宣布破产了。3. Iher;she had to bring up the children on herown.我非常同情她她得独自把孩子抚养成人。4. She to

2、 visit us.她表达了想拜访我们的渴求。Keys: 1. acpanies 2. favour 3. has been declared 4. have a lot of sympathy forexpressed a desire【问题查找】用所给词的适当形式填空Lit is a great honour (invite) to attend the opening ceremony.2 .The novel is said (publish) next month.3 .My mother is not easy (persuade).4 .The volunteer will sh

3、ow you the right path (take).5 .They still have many difficulties (overe).6 .“Are there any more clothes (wash)?”asked Mum.Keys: 1. to be invited 2. to be published 3. to persuade 4. to take 5.to overe 6. to bewashed【要点精讲】学习目标：能够理解不定式的被动语态的基本形式，掌握不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的用 法，能够把不定式运用于实际考试题型中。目标分解：学生知道什么是被动语态(

4、2)学生理解不定式的被动语态的形式和概念(3)学生了解不定式的被动语态可以充当何种成分(4)学生掌握不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的用法教学过程：目标一：被动语态的定义和基本构成被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语 态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等被动词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式, 过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式

5、的变化也如此。目标二：不定式的被动语态的形式和概念一、不定式的被动语态的概念当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式的被动式。 不定式的被动语态有两种：(1) 一般式：(not never) to be done表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或同时发生；(2)完成式：(not never) to have been done表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前目标三：不定式的被动语态可以充当的成分作主语It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.作表语The

6、 new drug is to be tested out on the 50() overweight people next year.作宾语The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers.作宾补The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.作定语The meeting to be held in our school next week is of great significance.作状语He hurried t

7、o the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.注意：感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to,但在变成被动语态后需要加上to。能 这样用的动词有:make, have, let, see, hear, notice, listen to, watch 等。如：We often see him act like that.=He is often seen to act like that.步骤四：掌握不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的用法.不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面

8、，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定 式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today?你今天要洗什么吗？（to wash的主语为句子的主语you,其逻辑宾语为anything）Do you have anything to be washed ?你有什么要其他人洗的吗？（to be washed不是you做，向是由“我”或其他人来做）内化过程：你还能举出其他类似的例子吗？/ have a lot of things to do this afternoon.（to do与things是动宾关系,与1是主谓关系）Ill go to t

9、he post off ice. Do you have a letter to be posted?（post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系,只和前面letter构成动宾关系）.在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，即在“主语+改+2句+1。（10”句型中，一般用主 动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：Thc work is impossible to finish in two days.（The work is finished.）English is not so easy to learn.（E

10、nglish is learnt.）. There be结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。（多用主动形式）例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.There is no time to lose /to be lost.注意以下两点：如果不定式结构加了“for sb.”表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. （us 与 discuss 主谓关系，用主z为 to discuss）There are a lot of reasons for the boo

11、k to be published, （the book 与 publish 是动宾关系，用被动 to be published）.在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用be to blame； ”（东西等）出租”用to let。如：He is to blame for what he has done.他应为他的所作所为受责备。The house is to let.房子要出租。1 .假如不定式所表示的动词，在谓语所表示的动词（或状态）之前发生，该不定式要用完成式。 如：Im glad to have seen your mother. =Im glad that I have see

12、n your mother.我很高兴见到过你母亲。2 .在“with+n+to do”结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bed.With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema.【查漏补缺】一、单项填空1. He rushed out of the room.that he knew nothing about it.A. statedB. statingC. to staleD. having stated2 . The day just before the final

13、 examinations, some naughty students did nothing except all day long.A.playedB.playingC.playD.to play3. Many applicants stood outside the managers office, nervously waiting for the job.A.to chooseB.being chosenC.choosingD.to be chosen4. I am going to Shanghai. Do you have anything to your parents?A.

14、to takeB.takenC.takingD.to be taken5. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very fortablc to.A.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat on6. My grandpa doesnt like as an old man.A. to treatB. to treatingD. treatC. to be treated7. With a lot of problems, the newly-elected president is having a hard time

15、.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled历一段困难时期。由于问题还没有解决，故用不定式表示动作还没有发生。8. It seems now, because I can see all the people in the street are holding umbrellas.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. to rainingD. be rainingholding都可以体会出来。9. Im sorry to buy you the book. Ill remember to next time.A. to

16、 forgetB. to have forgottenC. forgotD. forgetKeys: BCDDB CCBB二、完成句子Though he had often made his little sister (cry), today he was made (cry)by his little sister.1. No one told her what(do).2. One ought(not punish) fbr what one hasnt done.3. Is it necessary(tell) his father every thing?4. Paul doesn*

17、t have to be made(learn). He always works hard.5. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule(never break).6. This page needs(check)again.Keys: 1. cry; to cry 2. to do 3. not to be punished 4. to tell 5. to learnnever to be broken 7. to be checked【梳理优化】一、常考题型：1 .完型填空；2.阅读理解题；3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解

18、题技巧语法填空题中不定式的解题技巧.观察空格处是否给出提示词(一般是未给出提示词的)；.观察句中所给单词的词性是否为动词词性；.观察句中所给单词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；.观察句中所给单词前是否有实义动词需要采用不定式来充当宾语或者宾补；.观察句中是否缺少不定式充当主语、表语、状语、定语等；.观察不定式动作与谓语动词动作之间发生时间关系以及不定式与逻辑主语之间的关系 优化：形式主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing无完成进行式to have been doing无【强化巩固】一、用动词不定式完成下

19、列句子。1. I was the accident.事故发生了，我该受指责。2. He wishesby all.他希望受到大家的爱戴和尊重。3. by people is a happy thing.被人爱是一件幸福的事。4. We expected him.我们希望他能受到优待。5. This is a day never.这是令人难忘的一天。Keys: l.to blame for2.to be loved and respected 3.To be loved4.to be well treated5.to be forgotten二、用被动语态完成下面对话。1. A： Thousan

20、ds of people have been killed in the past few years because of drunk driving. I ihink some measures must be taken to handle it.B： I couldnt agree more. It is said that it has been put into Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China already, and（以后酒驾 者将会受到严惩）.A: In my opinion, another measure to b

21、e taken is to make the public understand the harm of drunk driving.B: Pm afraid（这个问题不好处理），for it is a tradition in China to drink at dinners.2. A: Lisa, I got caught in the traffic jam yesterday. You will never know how angry I was!B: Oh, sorry to hear that. The transport in Beijing really needs to

22、be improved.A: Yes. A bus full of passengers had been stuck in the long queue for a long time. And the driver got shouted at by some passengers.B: He is not to blame for it.(汽车的数 量应该控制一下)and people should be requested to travel by public transport.Keys:l. drunk drivers will be heavily punished in th

23、e future; the problem is hard to deal with 2. The number of cars is supposed to be controlled【课后练习】一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. He was said(invent) a lot of things in life.2. With many questions(settle), 1 went to our teachers office.3. I hurried to the station, (tell) that the last train had been cancelled alr

24、eady.4. You need planning permission (build) on this land, and youH be permitted.5.1 read enough of the article(get)the main idea.6.1f they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.7.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to

25、 have her written English (improve) in a short period.Keys: 1. to have invented; 2. to be settled; 3. to be told; 4. to build;5. to get 6. to be cheered 7. improved 二、语法填空Space Station Unity 1. (plctc) within the next decade, and international teams of astronauts will then be sharing quarters for lo

26、ng periods of time. What can 2. (do) to improve living conditions in space? Heres what fbnner astronauts suggest:FoodIt doesnt taste as good in zero gravity. Food should be made spicier in order for those effects 3.(overe). International tastes must also 4.(consider).ClothingLayered clothing could h

27、elp astronauts stay fortable. The top layer should be designed 5.(remove) or added as temperatures vary.SleepingBecause of weightlessness, sometimes sleep 6.(disturb) in space, fortable restraints must be provided to give a sense of stability.Emotional NeedsPeople need “down lime in space just as they do on Earth. Time ought to 7.(provide) for relaxation and privacy.Keys： 1. will be pleted 2. be done 3. to be overe 4. be considered5. to be removed 6. is disturbed 7. be provided