Unit6Survival——选择性必修第二册单元测试Word版含解析.docx

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1、Unit 6 Survival B卷能力提升2022-2023学年高二英语外研版(2019)选修二单元达标测试卷考试时间：90分钟 满分：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AYour 2019 Reading List, Provided by Bill GatesDo you want to be a billionaire? Most of us cant live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates

2、, but wc can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2019-though some were published earlier.Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2018)The best-selling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vincis contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his sci

3、entific, technological, and creative output. Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. Thats mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience, said Gates. The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui (201

4、8)Gates calls this graphic novel really impressive. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her lo look into her own parents miserable history. I was struck by how the experiences manage to be both universal and specific

5、 to their circumstances, said Gates.Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018)Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for (his novel. The book imagines the ghosts that hauni(出没)ihe basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincolns son, who died at 11 in real life. Willies death aft

6、er the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief hes creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle, said Gates.Origin Story： A Big History of Every things, by David Christian (2018)This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, online social

7、studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wish he talked

8、 more about (he role technology will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change, said Gates.I .Which books refer to (he field of science?A.Leonardo da Vinci and The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir.Lincoln in the Bardo and Origin Story： A Big History of Everything.C.Origin Story：

9、A Big History of Everything and Leonardo da Vinci.D.The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir and Lincoln in the Bardo.三段第二句After all. in the country.（毕竟，生活在城市中的鸟比那些生活在乡村的鸟面对的挑战和 危险更多。）可知D项“乡村的鸟为了生存有更广泛的挑战”不符合文意。故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句While additional studies. any different（虽然需要做额外的研究, 看看这对于所有城市的鸟来

10、说是否准确，但没有理由相信会有任何不同的结果。）可知,接下来的研究 是要证明是否城市里的鸟都比乡村的鸟免疫力更强、抵抗疾病的能力更强。文章最后一句提及“如 果鸟知道生活在人类中的好处，或许更多的鸟会迁到城市”的观点是以前研究的结论，且不是A项所 说的“乡村的鸟可以被教会生活在城市的好处”;研究结果表明“城市的鸟免疫力更强”，所以C项“城市 的鸟可能比乡村的鸟更容易生病不正确;D项“乡村的鸟在危险的情况下更小心”也与文意不符。故 选B项。3 .细节理解题。根据最后一段中的sing at a higher frequency to be heard over city noise可知，城市里的 鸟

11、啼叫的频率更高才能压过城市噪音而被其他鸟听见。A项“城市对它们来说有更多的危险”、B项 “城市的鸟彼此住得远”、C项“有更多的情况”均不是城市的鸟啼叫的频率更高的原因。故选D项。 4.主旨大意题。全文介绍了针对城市的鸟和乡村的鸟所做的研究，结果发现城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更 能创造性地解决问题，且具有更强的免疫力。A项”对鸟类免疫系统和学习能力的研究”;C项“一位博 士生所做的事情使全世界惊讶”和D项“把乡村的鸟迁往城市的必要性和方法”都不是文章的主要内 容。故选B项。第二节答案：GECFD解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者世界上的老 虎濒临灭绝主要是由于人类对老虎的猎杀

12、以及对其生存环境的破坏。由篇章结构可知，设空处是一个过渡句;根据前文描述“老虎不仅体型庞大，而且速度也很快。它们 在短距离内的冲刺速度可达每小时40英里，跳跃可达30英尺远。”和下一段前两句“在20世纪初，有 超过10万只老虎生活在野外。到世纪之交时，未被捕获的老虎数量减少到了 3.000多只。”可知，设 空处表示的是老虎的生存受到的威胁。G项“你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的老虎不需要帮助 来生存，但它们确实需要（帮助）。”承上启下，过渡自然。故选G.上文“有趣的是,老虎面临的最严重的威胁来自一个（比它们）小得多的物种，一个平均体重约140磅 的物种。那个物种就是智人，也就是我们更熟知的人类

13、。与E项人类主要从两个方面威胁老虎:狩 猎和破坏它们的栖息地承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述人类对老虎的威胁，故选E。根据空前“老虎被猎杀的原因有很多。”和空后“虽然现在在世界大部分地区，买卖虎皮是非法的，但 在黑市上,一张虎皮的价值约为1万美元。”可知，设空处谈论的是老虎被猎杀的一个原因是人们为了 获得虎皮。C项“人们长期以来都很珍视这种著名的条纹皮。”符合题意。故选C。根据空前“猎杀老虎也被当作一种游戏。”可知，设空处是对这种行为的进一步解释。F项“换言之, 人们猎杀老虎只是为了获得杀死它们的刺激和成就。承接上句，对.上一句进行解释说明,符合题 意。故选F。根据空前“老虎曾经遍布亚洲各地，

14、从土耳其到俄罗斯东海岸的所有地方。”和空后“老虎现在被孤 立在南亚和东南亚的小地方。”可知,设空处谈论的是老虎的生存范闱缩小了。D项“但是在过去的 100年里,老虎已经失去了它们的历史（分布）范围的93%。”承上启下，符合题意。故选D.第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：l-5.ADCBB;6-10.DCAAD; I1-I5.CBCAD解析：1.考查介词短语辨析。句意:米尔恩冰架位于 加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛的边缘。at the edge of在的边缘;in front of在的前面;at the back of在的后部;at the end of在结尾。故选A。2 .考查固定短语辨析。句意:在2020

15、年7月底,仅仅两天时间，该冰架面枳就减少了超过40%o rather than 而不是;less than 远不是;other Ihan 除以外;more than 超过。根据上文The last complete iceshelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed（倒塌）.（加拿大北极地区最后一个完整的冰架崩塌了。）可知, 此处指2020年7月底冰架面积减少了 40%以上。故选D。3 .考查名词辨析。句意:高于正常气温、离岸风和大陆架前的开放水域都是导致其断裂的部分要 素。situation 情况;condition 条件;element 要素;pro

16、blem 问题。故选 C。4 .考查动词辨析。句意:相比之F,纽约的曼哈顿岛占地大约60平方公里。combine组合,结合;cover 占（一片面积）;evaluate评价;obiain获得。根据6（） square kilometers可知,此处表示岛屿覆盖的范围。 故选B,.考查副词辨析。句意:极地地区的温度尤其高。seriously严重地;especially尤其;naturally自然 地;nearly几乎。故选B。5 .考查介词辨析。句意2）2（）年加拿大北极地区的夏季比30年来的平均气温高出5摄氏度。down 向下;below在下面;up向，在（较高位置）;above在之上。根据上

17、文The shelf lost more （han 40percent of its area in just two days at the end of July,2020.可知，冰架的融化是由于 2020 年的气温比往 年更高。故选D。6 .考查动词辨析。句意:那已经威胁到可以迅速融化的较小的冰盖。reduce减少;break破坏;1hreaten 威胁;bring带来。故选Co.考查关系词辨析。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ice caps,关系词在定语 从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故选A。7 .考查形容词辨析。句意:随着冰川的消失，更多的基岩裸露在

18、外。uncovered裸露的;暴露的;covered 有顶的:brokcn破损的spotted有斑力:的。故选A。8 .考查名词辨析。句意:然后这就加速了融化过程。program项目;progress进步:projec【方案，工 程;process 过程,进程。根据As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left uncovered.可知，冰川融化导 致的基岩裸露加速了融化的过程。故选D。9 .考查名词辨析。此处表示“这只是时间问题。question疑问;thing事件;mattei问题;concept概念， 观念。a matter of为常用搭配，意

19、为问题”。故选C。10 .考查形容词和副词辨析。句意:他的研究表明，冰盖有可能在五年内消失。possibly有可能地;likely 可能的，或许的;probably很可能,大概;surely必定,当然。sb/sth. be 1汰cly to do sth.为固定短语，意为“某 人/某物有可能做某事”。故选.考查动词辨析。句意:去年,（美国）国家航空和航天局的卫星图像显示，该地区完全没有冰雪,这证实 了冰盖的消失。simplify使简化;launch发起,发动;confirm证实;accompany陪伴。故选了11 .考查名词辨析。句意:Serreze的北极考察之旅是许多年前的事了。resear

20、ch调查,研究;search搜寻, 搜索;cullure文化;business生意。故选A。12 .考查名词辨析。此处表示“你有美好的回忆dream梦想;idea想法,主意;attitude态度;memory回 忆。根据上文When I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps可知，根据 Serreze的描述，当年的极地考察之旅是美好的回忆。故选D。第二节答案：that; cages; to get; smaller; arc conditioned; so; believed; hanging; si

21、mply; Failure 解析： 本文是 一篇记叙文。一个人因为大象的事情而感到困惑，他去请教驯兽师，被告知大象因为自己认为自己不 能逃脱而习惯于被束缚。考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容,that不作句子成分，不可以省 略。考查名词复数。句意:没有链子,（也）没有笼子。根据前面的chains和设空处前无冠词可知此处用 复数。考查非谓语动词。句意:他看到附近的一位驯兽师,就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里，不试着逃 脱。make no attempt to do sih.不尝试做某事。考查形容词的比较级。此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候，旦前有much修饰，故用形容

22、词的比较 级。考查固定用法。句意:随着它们长大，它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱。be conditioned to do sth. 习惯于做某事。考查连词。设空处前后为因果关系,所以用so。考查动词的时态。根据前边的could和空后宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时。考查非谓语动词。hang和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。考查副词。此处应用副词作状语。考查名词。句意:失败是学习的一部分。此处为名词作主语。第三部分写作笫一节答案：Dear Alan.Im glad lo receive your email. Thank you for your concern. Dont w

23、orry about me.A strong earthquake unexpectedly struck my city last week. Lots of houses fell down, causing serious damage. Lots of people were buried in the ruins and many of them lost their lives. Luckily, my family are all safe, so you dont need to worry. Thankfully, our government look many effec

24、tive measures immediately after it occurred and people all over the world offered their help. I believe the present situation will soon become better.Yours.Li Hua第二节 答案:Paragraph 1:Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, 1 stilt goi pulled underwater. I told myself I should never give up. The

25、n I pulled the weed again with great efforts. The weed finally broke. I swam back to the surface to take a deep breath. I saw two young men in canoes, racing each other. I was exhausted and shouted for help. The two men saw me and raced towards me. By the time they reached me. I had already been unc

26、onscious.Paragraph 2:When I woke up, / was in an empty room lying on a bed. It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realized that I was in a hospital. Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me to the shore and sent me to the hospital. After a few minutes, my parents with half

27、angry and half worried faces walked in. My parents scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured. I will never forget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever want to show off again.解析： 前 文提要：我挣扎着保持漂浮，但没有用。“如果我听了我父母的话，这是永远不会发生的，我默 默地想。(I)

28、第一段所给首句：Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwale.这是句转折句，接下来应该是作者不放弃，勇敢地游出水面，求救，无论从何角度拓展，需注意与 续写第二段首句呼应。(2)第二段首句：When I woke up, I was in an emply room lying on a bed.这一句应该是转折句，既然作者醒来，说明他已经被救，接下来应该是作者躺在医院里，一定是通知了他的家人，父母来 后一定会生气的，父母会责备他偷偷地跑出了房子，但也很高兴他没有受到严重的伤害。作者永 远不

29、会忘记那可怕的经历。他也不想再炫耀了。2.If you are interested in thrillers, whose book will you most probably choose?A.Walter Isaacson.B.Thi Bui.C.David Christian.D.George Saunders.3.What conclusion can be drawn from (he passage?A.TV/e- Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir left Gates unfavourable impressions.B.Leon

30、ardo da Vinci only made contributions to art.C.David Christian talks much about technology.in the Bardo has been warmly received.BWhen an editor called to ask if I could photograph fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes. Id seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcal

31、a once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now 1 work as a pholojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news

32、 stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home (o so many people I love. A task focused on the countrys natural beauty was a welcome reprieve fbr me.I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According lo our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph

33、the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod (三脚架)on a steep ,rocky path and had to steady

34、it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldnt be a big deal, but (he fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they were all over memy arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasts fbr only about 20 minutes

35、 each night, so I had time for just a few tries.On (he last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photos in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlightand Id grown accustomed to insects on my face.I was rewarded with th

36、e image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-second exposure. You can track the insects paths: some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.I .How did t

37、he author feel about the editors requesl?A.Nervous.B.Delighted.C.Confused.D.Regretful.2 . Which of the following can best replace the underlined word reprieve in paragraph 2?A.Relief.B.Return.C.Trend.D. Victory.3 .What did the author intend to do during the first two nights?A.Learn about the local t

38、ravel rules.B.Research the habit of the fireflies.C municate constantly with the guides.D.Find the suitable spot and time to lake pholos.4.What is the authors purpose in writing (he text?A.To tell findings about fireflies.B.To share the story behind a photo.C.Torecord a travelling experience.D.To sh

39、ow the authors working conditions.Nomophobia, NO Mobile Phone phobia（恐惧）is a 21st century term for the fear of not being able to use your smartphone. Smartphone addiction is on （he rise, surveys show, and a new study released adds to a growing body of evidence that smartphone addiction is harming ou

40、r minds literally.Smartphone addiction affects many people from all across the globe. Over 1.8 billion people own smartphones and the average owners check their screens 150 times a day. Considering those numbers, it shouldnt come as a surprise when 44% of people （compared with 20% in 2011） admit to

41、feeling anxious when they cant have access to their phones.Researchers from Hanard University used brain imaging to study the brains of 19 teenage boys who were diagnosed with smartphone addiction. Compared with 19 teenagers who were not addicted, the brains of the addicted boys had significantly hi

42、gher levels of GABA, which decelerates neurons （神经元）,than levels of glutamate-glutamine, which energizes brain signals. That results in poorer attention and control, which you dont want to have, because you want to stay focused. So that means you are easier to get distracted.Addicted teenagers in th

43、e study also had significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and levels of impulsiveness （冲动）said Dr. Leslie Perlow, who led ihe study.If you seem to have （he symptoms of smart device addiction, experts have some suggestions in addition to mindfulness training. First, turn off your phone at c

44、ertain times of the day, such as in meetings, when having dinner, playing with your kids, and of course, driving. Remove social media apps, like Facebook and Twitter from your phone, and only check them from your laptop. Try to stop yourself to 15-minute intervals al set times of the day when i（ won

45、t affect work or family life. Donl bring your cellphone and its harmful blue light to bed, and use an old-fashioned alarm to wake you. And last, try to replace your smart device time with healthier activities such as meditating or actually interacting with real people.1 .What is the conclusion of th

46、e research?A.Smartphone addiction leads to distraction.B.Smartphone addiction easily causes anger.C.Smartphone addiction is harmful to the mind.D.Smartphone addiction brings about anxiety and depression.2 .Where can you find the data that best supports smartphone addiction is on the rise?A.In Paragr

47、aph 2.B.In Paragraph 3.C.In Paragraph 4.D.In Paragraph 5.3 .Which of the following can replace the underlined word decelerates in Paragraph 3?A.Speeds up.B.Slows down.C.Adds to.D.Cuts down.4 .Which of the suggestions is encouraged according to the text?A.Touse an old-fashioned cellphone.B.To partici

48、pate in more social activities.C.To stop fiftccn-minutc intcrvals.D.To turn off the blue light on the bed.DA recent study by a team of researchers from Canada has uncovered that birds living in cities not just are better al problem-solving and more skilled in tasks than those in the suburbs, but als

49、o have stronger immune（有免疫力的）systems!The research, headed by Audet, a PhD student at a university, examined the cognitive （认知的）abilities of city birds with those of their country cousins. The team did their study in Barbados because it needed a broad range of situations: from crowded modern cities to the countryside. They began by catc