牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 语法复习讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx

《牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 语法复习讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 语法复习讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 3语法复习讲义Unit 3 The art of paintingTeaching objectives1 .知识目标：学生能够掌握动词-ing和动词-ed的基本含义2 .技能目标：学生能够掌握动词-ing和动词-ed的基本用法3 .情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Key points, Difficult points1 .掌握动词-ing和动词-ed的基本含义2 .掌握动词-ing和动词-ed的基木用法Teaching procedures:动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语一、分词形容词概述英语中，有一些动词的现在分词和过去分

2、词可以转化为形容词用法，在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补 足语和状语。其中有一类表示人的心理或情绪变化的“使令性动词”，由此演变而来的现在分词和过去分 词，已经成为形容词，我们称为“分词形容词”。它们属于同个词源：现在分词表示事物本身的性质以 及给他人的感受，意为“令人怎样”；过去分词表示人的心理和情绪的变化，是被动的感觉，意为“感到 怎样。一般都认为，以-ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人，以-ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物。其区别主要在于：1 .以ing结尾的分词形容词，常用来描述人或事物本身具有的特征，即人或事物具有能够令人产生某种情绪 的作用或能力。This is a disappointin

3、g result.这是一个令人失望的结果。2 .以.ed结尾的分词形容词，常用来描述人对某事物做出的反应，而产生种被动的心理变化或情绪，其主 语通常是人。He wasnt surprised when he heard the news.听到这个消息时，他并没有感到惊讶。3 .同源的情绪使令动词、现在分词和过去分词，用法对比如下，仔细体会其含义：(1) The news excited all of us. That is to say, the news was exciting, and we were all excited at the news. 这消息使我们大家都很兴奋。也就是说，

4、这个消息是令人兴奋的，我们都对这个消息感到兴奋。(2) It is encouraging news that our team has won the match. Before that, my parents encouraged me to compete.and I also received a lol of encouragement from my friends. Now I am really encouraged.我们队赢 了 这场比赛，这 是个令人鼓舞的消息。此前，我父母鼓励我参加比赛，我也从我的朋友那里得到了许多鼓励，现在我真的受到了鼓舞。(3 ) This is a

5、 shocking sight, it has shocked everyone, and everyone is shocked at (he sight,这是个令人震惊的 景象，它震惊了所有人，每个人都对这一景象感到震惊。(4 ) The tiger was so frightening, it frightened the children, and the children were frightened by the tiger.老虎太 “J6. surprised 7. satisfied 8. boring; bored 9. interesting 10. inspiring1

6、1. encouraging, encouraged 12. exciting 13. fascinating 14. astonished 15. challenging16. puzzled17. confused 18. surprising 19. amazing 20. astonished21. terrified 22. pleased 23. concerned 24. disappointing 25. worried26. convincing 27. challenging 28. pleasingII .1. satisfied, satisfying 2. movin

7、g: moved 3. discouraged, discouraging 4. surprised, surprising5. bored, boring 6. frightening, frightened 7. inspiring, inspired 8, amused, amusing9. amazing; amazed 10. disappointing, disappointed 11. astonishing; astonished12. excited, exciting 13. annoying; annoyed 14. puzzled, puzzling15. confus

8、ing; confused 16. embarrassed, embarrassing 17. frustrating; frustrated18. pleased, pleasing 19. encouraged, encouraging 20. tired, tiring21. fascinated, fascinating 22. disturbed, disturbing 23. terrified, terrifying怕了，吓到这些孩子了，孩子们被老虎吓坏了。(5 ) This is amazing news, it has amazed everyone, and everyon

9、e is amazed at the news.这是令人惊讶的消息，它 让每个人惊讶，每个人都对这个消息感到惊讶。(6) This is a puzzling question, and it has puzzled me. So I am puzzled at the question.这是一个令人费解的问题, 它使我迷惑不解。所以我对这个问题感到困惑。(7 ) His experience was terrifying, and it terrified his children. All of them were terrified.他的经历很可怕,所以吓 坏了他的孩子。他们都吓坏了。(

10、8 ) The noise has disturbed all of us. It is disturbing noise because it has made us feel disturbed.这噪音使我们大 家都不安。这是令人不安的噪音，因为它让我们感到了不安。(9 ) This is a confusing question, and it has confused us. So eveiyone is confused about the question. 这是一个令人困惑的问题，它把我们大家弄糊涂了。所以每个人都对这个问题感到困惑。(1() This is astonishin

11、g news, because it has astonished everyone. So everyone is astonished at the news.这是一 个令人震惊的消息，因为它让每个人都惊讶。所以每个人都对这个消息感到惊讶。(11 ) This is a boring lecture. We are all bored with it, because it has really bored all of us.这是一个无聊的讲座。 我们都对它感到厌烦，因为它真的让我们所有人感到无聊。(12 )What he said convinced us. His words are

12、 really convincing, so we are convinced that he is an honest man.他 的话使我们信服。他的话很有说服力，所以我们相信他是个诚实的人。(13 )1 think this is an amusing story because it has amused us. Of course it makes us amused rather than amazed, because an amazing story is not really amusing.我认为这是一个有趣的故事,因为它把我们逗乐了。当然，它 使我们感到有趣而不是惊奇，因

13、为一个令人惊奇的故事并不一定真的有趣。二、分词形容词作表语The speech you have delivered is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣且很鼓舞人。Her point of view was very convincing.她的观点很令人信服。He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.当他想到帮助那些感染霍乱的普通人时，他感到很振奋。The teacher was pleased with my ans

14、wer to the question.老师对我给出的问题答案很满意。三、分词形容词作定语That must have been a terrifying experience.那肯定是一段可怕的经历。She told us a moving story, and we were all moved.她给我们讲了一个感人的故事，我们都被感动了。The worried parents were all concerned for the childrens safety.忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。 Without satisfied customers, companies cann

15、ot survive either.没有满意的顾客，公司也不可能生存。 四、分词形容词作宾补We all consider this game very exciting.我们都认为这场比赛很刺激。She found the story quite interesting.她觉得这个故事很有趣。His jokes made the children amused.他的笑话把孩子们逗乐 了。The experiment result made us disappointed.实验结果使我们感至lj失望。五、分词形容词作状语分词形容词作状语，可以从非谓语动词作状语的角度去理解。由过去分词变来的形容

16、词，力U不加being 均可，因为它曾经是分词，本身就是非谓语动词。例如：(Being) worried about his health, she couldnt sleep.由于担心他的健康，她睡不着。(Being) surprised at the news, he kepi asking how.他听到这个消息很惊讶，一直问怎么I可事。如果单个的形容词作原因状语，这时应加being,变成非谓语动词，即现在分词。单个的形容词之前加 being,主要是为了避免单调。例如：Being ill, he can attend todays meeting.由于生病，他不能参加今天的会议了Bein

17、g hungry, (hey had to look for food.由于饥饿，他们不得不寻找食物。(1)常见的表示情绪变化的现在分词形容词和过去分词形容词对比：annoying恼人的 boring令人厌烦的 challenging富有挑战性的 convincing令人信服的 disappointing令人失望的 discouraging令人丧气的 disturbing令人不安的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 exciting令人兴奋的 frightening使惊恐的 inspiring令人鼓舞的 interesting令人感兴趣的 moving感动人

18、的 puzzling令人困惑的 relaxing令人放松的 satisfy i ng令人满意的 shocking骇人听闻的 surprising令人惊讶的 tiring令人疲劳的 worrying令人担忧的annoyed生气的； bored感到厌烦的； challenged受到挑战的; convinced被说服的； disappointed感到失望的; di scouraged 感到丧/ 的; disturbed心神不安的; embarrassed感到尴尬的; encouraged受到鼓舞的; excited感到兴奋的;frightened 受惊的; inspired受到鼓舞的; intere

19、sted感兴趣的； moved受感动的； puzzled感到困惑的; relaxed感到放松的； satisfied感到满意的; shocked震惊的； surprised感到惊讶的； tired感到疲劳的； worried感到担忧的这类带连字符的复合分词形容词，一般都是作定语，不作表语。（2）常见的复合分词形容词：badly-paid低工资的long-lived 长寿的newly-married 新婚的easy-going随和的clear-cut轮廓鲜明的；清晰的ever-lasting 永恒的one-eyed -只眼的cold-hearted 无情的peace-loving爱好和平的wel

20、l-written 得好的nice-smelling香气扑鼻的ice-covered 冰封的warm-hearted热心肠的absent-minded心不在焉的able- minded能干的like-minded看法相同的good-tempered 好脾气的middle-aged中年的five-storeyed 五层的fine-looking 美貌的long-standing长 久 的well-received 受欢迎的well-known著名的man-made人匚的grass-covered被草覆盖的far-reaching意义深远的newly-built新建的forward-looking

21、 有远见的ordinary-looking 相貌平平的snow-covcrcd被雪覆盖的例如：a wcli-rcccivcd story 一个受欢迎的故事a well-known writer一位著名的作家a man-made lake一座人工湖the grass-covered ground被草覆盖的地面a far-rcaching speech一个意义深远的演讲a newly-built library一座新建的图书馆（3）过去分词形容词作表语和被动语态的区别：有些行为动词变成过去分词后，由动作变成了状态，成为形容词。例如:broken （被打破后的结果），written（写完后的情况）等

22、。如何区分过去分词作表语表示状态还是被动语态？特征比较：The vase is broken. It isnt worth so much money.（表示状态）The vase was broken by my little brother yesterday.（被动语态）The article is written in simple English.（表示状态）The article was written in 1990.（被动语态）通过比较发现，过去分词作表语表示状态，多用般现在时，不用by sb.;被动语态表示动作，常跟过去时间 连用，可以加by sb.以下都是常见的分词形容词表

23、状态：He is an experienced leacher.他是个有经验的教师。This is an organized trip.这是一次有组织的旅行。Some villagers died from polluted water.有些村民死于被污染的水。She has a broken hearl.她有一颗破碎的心。a written report 一份书面报告a returned overseas Chinese归国华侨a retired teacher退休教师faded flowers凋谢的花used books用过的书a developed country发达国家 departe

24、d friends离去的朋友 cooked food 熟食boiled water开水furnished rooms有家具的房间fallen leaves落叶 (4)动名词作表语和现在分词形容词作表语的区别:a. Her job is looking after children.b. Her job is boring.句a的意思是“她的工作是照料孩了 o这是动名词短语looking after children作表语，它说明主语的具 体内容。主语和表语是对等关系，所以可以互换位置而意思保持不变:Looking after children is her job.句b的意思是“她的工作很无聊

25、”。这是现在分词boring作表语，表明boring具备了形容词的作用。由于 它是由使令性动词bore变化而来，具有主动使令意味，所以，可以转换为一个主谓宾的句子:Her job bores her. 她的工作令她厌倦。但是，“Her job i3 boling.这句话，不能像Her job is looking afler children.那样主语和表语可以交换位 置。我们不能说:Boring is her job.特别提小：凡是表语可以跟主语交换位置的，都是“确认性表语”。如果表语不能跟主语交换位置，则是“归属 性表语”。这是区别动名词作表语和现在分词形容词作表语的关键标志。“确认性表语

26、”举例(主表可以交换)：His hobby is collecting stamps.-*Collecting stamps is his hobby. （1E）Mary is my best friend.-*My best friend is Mary.（正）“归属性表语”举例（主表不可交换）：The news is very exciting.Very exciting is the news.（误）Mary is hard-working.-*Hard-working is Mary.（误）动名词作表语，说明主语的具体内容。例如：His ambition is working as a

27、 lawyer.他的抱负是当律师。The only way to cure your disease is going lo bed.治疗你的病的唯一办法是上床睡觉。Her job is keeping the offices clean.她的工作是清洁办公室。Her work is teaching children music.她的工作是教孩子音乐。His only wish is finding a job in an office.他唯一的愿望就是找一份办公室的工作。The ant queens full-time job is laying eggs.蚁后的专职工作是产卵。The b

28、oys hobby is playing games online.这个男孩的爱好是玩网上游戏。My favourite sport is playing tennis我最喜欢的运动是打网球。Her first delight was going to the tower.她第一。件想做的事情是参观塔楼。以上例句中，表语跟主语是对等关系，是主语的确认性表语”。所以可以交换位置而意思保持不变。例 如：His ambition is working as a lawyer.他的抱负是当律师。-* Working as a lawyer is his ambition.当律师是他的抱负。The on

29、ly way to cure your disease is going to bed.治疗你的病的唯一办法是上床睡觉。-*Going to bed is the only way to cure your disease.上床睡觉是治疗你的病的唯一办法。现在分词作表语，说明该现在分词具备r形容词的作用。它表示句子的主语所具备的某种性质，这个性 质是主动的，具备使令意味，让人在情绪上发生变化。Toms progress in English is sa【isfying.汤姆在英语上的进步是令人满意的。The examination result is discouraging.考试结果很令人沮

30、丧。The story about space travelling is interesting.那个关于字宙旅行的故事很有趣。The film was boring to a degree.这部影片非常枯燥。The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.昨晚我们听的歌曲很鼓舞人。The joke he told us was amusing.他给我们讲的笑话很有趣。It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event.他对这个事件亳不知情，真让人感到诧异，It is astonishin

31、g to me ihat he should be absent.他竟然缺席，使我卜分惊异。That game was not veiy exciting.那场比赛并不怎么精彩刺激。The people upstairs arc very annoying.楼上的那些人非常令人厌烦。The spelling of English is often puzzling.英语的拼写常常使人伤脑筋。The meaning of this word is confusing.这个词的意思很令人费解。I dont like making speeches in public; if s so embarr

32、assing.我不喜欢在公开场合演说,太难为情了。My job can be very frustrating sometimes.我的工作有时非常令人无奈。The soft music sounds very pleasing (o the ear.那轻柔的音乐听起来十分悦耳。The overall picture for farming is encouraging.农业的总体形势是令人鼓舞的。This work is tiring; it has tired me out.这工作很累人，可把我累坏了。Walking in (he rain is really fascinaling.雨中

33、漫步非常令人陶醉。The news from the front is very disturbing.来自前线的消息令人极为不安。The crawl of a snake is terrifying.蛇爬行起来真可怕。以上例句中，表语跟主语不是对等关系，是“归属性表语”，所以不可以互换位置。例句中的现在分词形容词，说明主语具备了 “使令”意味:令人感觉如何。我们可以把这个分词转换为动词 作句子的谓语，后面补上所缺的宾语。例如：The service here is disappointing.这儿的服务令人失望。-The service here disappoints us.这儿的服务令我

34、们失望。Her facility for languages was surprising.她在语言方面的才能令人吃惊。Her facility for languages surprised us all.她在语言方面的才能令我们吃惊。The speed of the bus was frightening.这辆公共汽车的速度真吓人。-*The speed of （he bus frightened the passengers.这辆公共汽车的速度吓坏了 乘客。观点a frightened look还是a frightening look?实际上，“过去分词形容词修饰人，现在分词形容词修饰事

35、物”，这个说法是不全面的。这只是一种表 象，不是问题的实质。请看下面的句子：You always look frightening when you wake up.你醒来时总是露出令人害怕的样子。You always look frightened when you wake up.你醒来时总是露出感到恐惧的样子The little boy is very interesting.这个小男孩很有趣。The little boy is very interested in the toy.这个小男孩对这个玩具很感兴趣。同样是人，为何出现上述两种情况？问题的关键在哪里呢？本书认为，问题的关键在于

36、分词形容词的性质：现在分词形容词表主动，过去分词形容词表被动。所以， 过去分词或现在分词都可以修饰人。有的语法书和教辅书特别指出:像look（表情），expression（表情），voice（声音），smile（微笑）等词，一般用过 去分词修饰,如:a frightened look, an astonished expression, a satisfied smile, an excited voiceo 事实果真如此 吗?请看例句：You look frightening. Since you look frightening, you have a frightening look.你

37、看起来令人恐惧,因为这样，所 以你有一个令人恐惧的表情。You look frightened. Since you look frightened, you have a frightened look.你看起来很恐惧，因为这样，所以你 有一个恐惧的表情。又如：a satisfied smile：（感到）满意的微笑（这种微笑是在人感到满意后表现出来的微笑）a satisfying smile：（让人）满意的微笑（这种微笑是让人满意的微笑。意味着笑得真诚自然，不做作）an astonished expression：（感到）惊讶的表情（这种表情是在人感到吃惊后显现出来的表情）an astoni

38、shing expression：（令人）惊讶的表情（这种表情是让人吃惊的表情。意味着这个表情有些可怕，使人 惊讶）an excited voice：（感至U）兴奋的声音（这是人在兴奋时，说话带出来的声音）an exciting voice：（令人）兴奋的声音（意味着说话的人声音很有号召力，令人鼓舞，令人兴奋） 特别提示：人的表情、声音或微笑，是通过人的情绪表现出来的，它同样有两种情况。由于现在分词形容词表主 动，过去分词形容词表被动，所以，反映在同一个人或事物身上，可以有两种不同的情况或结果，所以要 从根本上理解这个问题，不要死记硬背某些条条框框。一般都认为:Tigers arc terri

39、fying老虎很可怕。但是, 它们自己也有害怕的时候。大家一定熟悉唐代文学家柳宗元创作的一篇寓言小品黔之驴。其中有一句 话是“驴一鸣，虎大骇”，翻译成英语是“When the donkey brays, the tiger is terrified.,这里，老虎不再是令 人恐惧，而是自己感到恐惧了。这就是语言背后的逻辑。六、语法全解训练I.用所给动词的-ing形式或-ed形式，完成下列句子1. The portraits and landscape paintings displayed at the gallery possess features. ( strike)As I wander

40、ed around the gallery, I wondered why this portrait was so vivid and( amuse)2. Many tourists have been to this neighbourhood in the past decades. ( attract)Their paintings focused on real life, as to the history paintings dominating European ail. ( oppose )3. The artist employed new brushwork to pro

41、duce art works which were realistic, vivid and(move)Visitors were to find many outstanding paintings on display in the exhibition hall. ( surprise )4. Tourists are not because these scenic spots are not worthy of being visited, (satisfy)Painted mostly with a pond as their setting, his paintings were

42、. Most people were(bore).5. The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of note, (interest)What is the essence of art? It should be(inspire).6. They have waged an campaign, and everyone is( encourage).7. The host arranged an party and prepared raw vegetables, mushrooms, garlic and toast fordinner

43、, (excite)8. The landscape featuring a winding river, a sailing boat and crop fields is to our vision. ( fascinate)1 am to see his painting has exposed serious political and social problems. ( astonish)15. Modern architecture is more(han ever.( challenge)Classical art has an enormous and comprehensi

44、ve influence on modern art, which makes critics (puzzle).16. She gave me clear and precise directions, so 1 was no longer( confuse).17. Il is not that a declining dynasty with its emperor was eventually overthrown. ( surprise)The artistic technique is apparent in the overall scroll. ( amaze)18. The

45、value of (he scroll is down to its great scale and artistic quality,said (he critic, (astonish)People from all walks of life, including soldiers and butchers, were not at the signs before theearthquake, (terrify)Wc arc to find that the painting describes the ancient clothing, temples and other struc

46、tures, (please)19. After (heir closer inspection, the critics felt about the coming economic crisis. ( concern)It is that there is a rare chance for the original scroll to be on exhibition. ( disappoint)20. The parents and their eager expectations speak volumes about the safety of the school. ( worr

47、y )It is that these paintings have great historic significance in their own right, (convince)21. We should regard these careers as our true calling. Therefore, they are for us. ( challenge)28.It is a thing to let all the shade and darkness be bathed in warm sunshine. ( please)II .用表示情绪变化的分司形容词填空，“令人

48、怎样”还是“感到怎样”Richard felt with their service at the hotel, (satisfy )1. The movie was. Rose was greatly( move ).2. Sophia wasn,t though her answer was.( discourage )Jenny is at the news. ( surprise )3. William became at his job. (bore )The tiger looked, but Lily wasnt.( frighten )4. His speech was very. Mary became.(inspire )Charles wasnt though the story you had told was.( amuse)5. The scene was quite. Catherine got.(amaze)The result of the