牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 语法复习讲义(含练习题及答案).docx
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1、牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 4语法复习讲义Unit 4 Exploring poetryTeaching objectives1 .知识目标:学生能够掌握非谓语动词的基本含义2 .技能目标:学生能够掌握非谓语动词的基本用法3 .情感目标:学生能够更有信心学习英语Key points, Difficult points1 .掌握非谓语动词的基本含义2 .掌握非谓语动词的基本用法Teaching procedures:非谓语动词综述非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,它包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。顾名思义,它不 是句子的谓语动词,不能单独作谓语。但非谓语动词的语
2、法作用较多,在句中可以作很多成分,因此它是 英语学习的重点,也是英语考试的主要语法项目。所以,在学习时应厘清非谓语动词的各种形式在句中的 作用,以及它们之间的区别。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但有一般体、进行体、完成体和语态的变化,还可以有自己的宾语 或状语。可用来作句子的主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语等。非谓语动词的语法功能见下表:形式功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式V动名词VVV现在分词JVVV过去分词VVV若按照英语语法进行严格区分,动词-ing形式”应分为动名词和现在分词,因为它们是两种不同性质 的非谓语动词。通过表格可以看出:“现在分词”和“过去分词”同属于分词,它们有着相同
3、的语法作用。 而动名词具有名词特征,能够在句中作主语和宾语。这些作用现在分词是没有的,只有作定语和表语时跟 动名词重合,但表达的含义也是不同的。动名词和现在分词作定语的区别,在第二单元的语法中已经涉及。非谓语动词的基本用法,在以前的单元语法中都已讲解。本单元主要分析非谓语动词各种形式的区别。 一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别不定式通常表示具体的一次性行为或将来的动作,强调动作本身,一般表示带有目的性的未完成事件。而 动名词通常表示一般的抽象的泛指慨念,强调事件本身,表示人的习惯、爱好、职业、经验等。有时,二 者之间的区别很小。Smoking is forbidden here.此处禁止吸烟。(抽
4、象泛指)足语。宾语和补足语之间存在着逻辑_E的主谓关系,二者:一起构成复合宾语。能作宾语补足语成分的,有名词形容词、介词短语副词、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。无论何种成分作宾补,必须同时具备以下三个条件:宾语是补足语的逻辑主语,宾补对宾语起补充说明的作用。在一个完整的句子中,宾补是不可缺少的,去掉后句意就不完整。判断某个成分是不是宾补,这跟谓语动词的性质有关。这类动词的性质体现在,宾补是动词作用于宾语的结果。大致可分为两类:动词具有“使令”“指使”“导 致”宾语做某事的作用,即谓语动词使宾语怎么样,成为什么,变成什么。如make, tell, cause,等。动词 具有感官的性能,对宾语
5、的动作或状态具有感知作用。如see, hear, find等。一般来说,在感官动词,如 see, watch, notice, discover, observe, hear, listen to, look at, smell, feel, find, catch (偶 然发现)和使役动词have. gel, leave, keep等后面,若接现在分词,都是作宾语补足语。Mary saw a stranger entering your office.玛丽看见一个陌生人进了你的办公室。He heard someone knocking at the door.他听见有人在敲门。I smell
6、 something burning.我闻到有东西烧糊了I found a beggar standing at the door.我发现一个乞丐站在门 口。Dont keep your children learning all day.不要让你的孩子整天学习。You shouldnt always have the machine running.你不该总是让机器运转。八、语法全解训练用括号内所给词语的正确形式完成卜列句子1. Without dreams life is a barren field( freeze ) with snow.2. The( cage ) bird sing
7、s with a fearful (rill of things unknown.3. You need patience and try constantly(reach) the remote destination.4. ( dig )up more clues, he collected and studied a lot of information.5. It is important( detect) the implied or hidden dimension of a poem.6. Its no use( read ) without( grasp ) the meani
8、ng.7. A poem may be complex, but you can detect its rhymes or(repeat)words.8. When( read) a poem, youd better abandon logical thinking to perceive its true inner beauty.9. If you are not capable of(interpret) the poem for the moment, you can set it aside.10. The novelist decided( break ) with (he ri
9、gid rules and advocate innovation.11. He held the belief that human society was undergoing a process( call) industrialization.12. Many experts advocate( reward ) your child fbr good behaviour.13. The novel(write) by this novelist is a combination of fantasy and reality.14. A road would diverge or be
10、nd with different kinds of people(tread)on it.15. The impostor claimed(bc)a journalist, and hcncc he could get around,( cheat).16. This child was( fascinate )by the plots in the novel( entitle ) Sherlock Holmes.17. Wc must make allowance for the background, even if he is(blame).18. ( use ) exaggerat
11、ion, metaphor and other artistic techniques, the poem is representative of his style.19. He doesnt dare( admit ) that he owes a debt of gratitude to me. but I dont mean(be) unforgiving.20. The tolerant atmosphere allowed him the liberty( develop ) an unconstrained personality.21. This is considered(
12、 be ) the most glorious period of the new era with social stability and economic boom.22. When legend encounters reality and they are even contradictory , are they easy(distinguish)?23.1 dare not( scare ) dwellers in the open air. It is unfair.24. Though mist and frost are cast, the plants are(fill)
13、 with vitality.选择性必修一Unit4 Exploring poetry语法复习1. frozen 2. caged 3. to reach 4. To dig 5. to detect6. reading; grasping 7. repeated 8. reading 9. interpreting 10. to break11. called 12. rewarding 13. written 14. treading 15. to be; cheating16. fascinated; entitled 17. to blame 18. Using 19. to admi
14、t;to be 20. to developto be 22. to distinguish 23, scare 24. filledCollecting stamps is his hobby.集邮是他的业余爱好。(习惯爱好)Teaching children music is her work.教孩子们音乐是她的工作。(工作职业)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在交通高峰期开车让人疲倦。(经验)To visit Australia is my nexl goal.游览澳大利亚是我的下一个目标。(未来动作)It is harmful
15、for you to smoke so much.抽这么多烟对你的身体有害。(具体动作)like swimming, but I dont like to swim on such a cold day.我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢在这么冷的天游泳。(前者指习惯爱好,后者指一次性行为)二、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别有些动词只能用不定式作宾语,有姥动词只能用动名词作宾语。这此动词 在语法书中一般都有总结和归纳。但是,许多同学并不满足于这种归纳,因为仍然需要死记硬背,却不解 其中的奥妙。现在同学们有了更高的要求,不仅要“知其然”,而且要“知其所以然”。因此,为了帮助大 家彻底解决这个问题,我们试图从逻辑
16、上进行分析和突破。1 .不定式作宾语的特征及分析(1)当动词表示“想要、希望、打算、意欲、安排、计划、决定、准备、企图”等意义时,用不定式作宾语。这类动词(组)主要有:want, would like, hope, wish, expect, long, desire, intend, mean, arrange, plan, decide, determine, prepare, attempt等。不定式作宾语有以下几个特征:不定式表示的动作发生在动词之后。不定式作宾语,表示将来的动作或事件。不定式作宾语,暗含目的性。I want to have a rest.我想休息一下。We would
17、 like to apologize for the delay.我们愿对延迟之事表示歉意。Everyone hopes to win.人人都希望获胜。She wishes to go to university.她希望上大学。Wc all expect to see you back.我们都期待着你回来。She longed to return to her native land.她渴望回到她的祖国。She desires to go back to the jungle.她渴望回到丛林中。I intend to help Mary with her homework.我打算帮助玛丽做作业
18、。I didn,t mean to hurl you.我不是有意要伤害你的。They planned to build a hospital.他们计划建一座医院。I decided to conduct an experiment.我决定做一项实验。They determined to start early.他们决定早点出发。They prepared to drive back the invaders.他们准备击退入侵者。He attempted to rescue the drowning man.他试图去援救那个溺水的男人。(2)表示“要求、请求”意义的一些动词,如ask, beg,
19、 offer等,也是接不定式作宾语。不定式表示的动作在 动词之后发生。I asked to see he manager.我要求见经理。He begged to be told the truth.他请求把真相告诉他。The kids offered to do the dishes.孩子们主动要求洗盘子。(3)表示“答应(promise)、“同意(agree)、“拒绝(refuse)的动词,也是接不定式作宾语。不定式表示的 动作在动词之后发生。He promised to love her forever.他许诺要永远爱她。We agreed to meet on Thursday.我们约定
20、在星期四见面。The bank refused to lend the money to us.银行拒绝向我们贷款。(拒绝意味着不同意,不答应).动名词作宾语的特征及分析当动词表示“承认、否认、放弃、完成、结束”意义时,用动名词作宾语。这类动词(组)主要有:admit, deny, give up, quit, slop, finish等。在逻辑上,动名词表示的动作早于该动词表示的动作。She admitted driving the car without insurance.她承认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。He denies attempting to murder his wife 他否
21、认企图谋杀妻子。She gave up teaching three years ago.三年前,她放弃 了 教学工作。Please stop crying and tell me whals wrong.快别哭了,告诉我出 了什么事。I was tying to quit smoking at the time.当时我正在努力戒烟。Be quiet! He hasnt finished speaking.安静!他还没有讲完。以上例句说明,动名词表示的动作已经存在或发生,动词实际表示对“已然事件”的处置,(2)当动词表示“允许、禁止、介意、反对、避免、阻止”意义时,用动名词作宾语。这类动词主要
22、有:allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, mind, oppose, avoid, escape, prevent 等。动名词表示的动作虽然没有确切的发生时 间,但都是动词“防范的行为”。动名词与动词所表示的动作几乎是同时发生的,不会在动词之后发生。比 如,并不是人们先禁止或避免,宾语的动作才发生。We dont allow making noise here, so you should keep quiet.这里不允许大声喧哗,所以你应该保持安静。The rules of the club do not permit smoking.这个俱乐部的规定不
23、允许吸烟。The government banned hunting in the mountains.政府禁止在山里打猎。I would oppose changing the law.我将反对改变这项法规。He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her.他迅速离去以避免见到她。(3)当动词表示“延误、推迟、错过、冒险”意义时,用动名词作宾语。这类动词(组)主要有:delay, put off, postpone, miss, risk等。动名词表示的动作是这些动词的直接受事者,在动词发生的同时.,动名词也在发生。He delayed telling he
24、r the news , waiting for the right moment.他没有马上把消息告诉她,等有了适当的时机再 说。Women who pul off having a baby often make (he best molhers.晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。He fell and just missed knocking the whole display over.他摔 了 一跤,差一点把全部展品碰翻
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