备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力训练02 句子的种类与成分要点精读与精练.docx
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1、备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)句子的种类与成分子的成分】英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:Pm Miss.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day (杰克每天清扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Pin史pin史.(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表
2、示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么L通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般 放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a /offer .(他给我写 了 一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me .(他给我写 了 一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:Shanghai is a big city.(上海是个大城市)
3、6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works入”.(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom他们通常让教室保持清洁)He often helps me do zny(他常常帮我做功课)The teacher wanted me to leant French all by “zysc/f (老师要我自学法语)同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where isc/assLEe 7b/n ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?) 【句子的种类】I .按用途
4、分 the books in three days?81 .你唱歌如此好听,为什么不考虑参加学校社团的选拔。Since you sing so wonderfully, why not the Singing Club in our school.82 .昨天我感到浑身难受。I all over yesterday.83 .我妈妈做的鱼汤闻起来很美味。The fish soup my mother makes. 三、短文填空1先阅读短文,再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。More than 1.5 million foreign students in more th
5、an 160 countries have taken part in the Chinese Bridge” competition. Minister of Education Huai Jinpeng said the annual competition has become an important 184project worldwide every year. More than 170, 000 competitors have been i 85 to summer camps in China to experience the Chinese culture and la
6、nguage, he said.The competition is a window for people to u 86 the real China. By joining in Chinese Bridge, young people from d 87 countries have experienced the beauty of Chinas natural scenery, language c 88 and the Chinese people. They have also witnessed (见证)the countrys d 89 road to prosperity
7、(繁荣),openness, inclusiveness (包容t生)and stability (稳定t生)and started to t 90 the countrys story in different languages. Meanwhile, the participants have enriched their life experience, broadened career opportunities and f 91 close friendships. The Chinese government and people have always s 92 and val
8、ued the contest.The Chinese Bridge, based on present competitions fbr university and secondary, school students, will open new competitions fbr primary9 school students, he said.Human beings are f 93unprecedented (史无前例的)risks and challenges, which calls for morecommunication in language and culture,
9、 and mutual understanding and friendly exchange of young people,especially among Gen-Zers. he added.2根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。With miles of beaches, sea and sunshine, Pattaya is one of the most popular places for 94 (参观者)to Thailand. It provides many kinds of activities for both 95 (年轻的)an
10、d old. Any time, any weather and day or night, there is 96(,总是)something to do.Orchid Farms is 97 (值得的)the visit if you are thinking of taking some of the plants home. You can visit a day or two before you leave to make sure of having live plants when you 98 (返回).You can also get great flowers in a
11、99 (瓶子)that will last for a long time.Pattaya Elephant Village is 100 (另一个)place that you cannot miss. It is a good place to learn and understand the importance of elephants in Thai life and 101 (文化).You can also take an elephant ride. Show time 102 (允许)the elephants to display their skills, such as
12、 playing football.You can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo. There you will learn more about tigers. You can take photos with them. You can also enjoy 103(观看)elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo.3 根据所给首字母,上下文或汉语提示完成空格中所缺单词,使短文完整通顺,语法正确,每个空只能填一 个词。As students you may have to take tests f
13、rom time to time. How should you deal 104 important tests and do better on them? Here are some s 105When the test day comes, give yourself enough time to do everything: have breakfast but dont drink too much, go to the toilet, arrive on time, but not too early or you will find yourself getting more
14、and more nervous while you wait to s 106During the exam, calm yourself down (使平静) 107 breathing deeply. Read the exam questions carefully because theyll tell you how the questions should be a 108.Dont get nervous when everyone around you 109 (好像)to start writing straight away. If possible, start wit
15、h the ones you can do e 110 to give you confidence (自信).Dont s 111 too much time on any question. You need to plan your time well so that you have enough time to answer every question.Finally, after the exam, dont join in those 112(讨论)about how everyone else did or you will loseyour self-confidence
16、for the next exam.Above all, remember that exams are not created to find out your mistakes, 113 to find out what you know, what you understand and what you can do.参考答案1C【解析】句意:2020年新冠病毒爆发时,人们预计它将很快消失,但是还没有消失。考查现在完成时的用法。根据题干“COVID-19 was expected to go away soon when it broke out in 2020”可知, 新冠病毒在202
17、0年爆发,是过去的动作或状态持续到现在,对现在造成影响,并可能持续发生下去,因此 现在完成时符合题意。应选C。2.B【解析】句意:珍妮,我到处都找不到我的眼镜了。你看到了吗? 抱歉,我没有。考查副词辨析。everywhere每个地方;anywhere任何地方;somewhere某个地方;nowhere没有任何地方。根据I cant find my glasses“我找不至U我的眼镜,这里是否认句,可知应该用anywhere,应选B。3 .D【解析】句意:一一我想你不能在这里拍照。看那个标志!一一对不起,我刚刚没有注意到。考查时态。根据just now”可知,时态为一般过去时,否认句要用didn
18、,t+动词原形,应选D。4 .D【解析】句意:安娜,你的房间太脏了! 很抱歉,妈妈,昨天我没清理房间。我忘记清理了。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据yesterday”可知句子是一般过去时,主语力广指的是房间,和动词“清理”之间 是被动关系,表达“没有被清理”,用一般过去时的被动结构wasnt cleaned”。应选D。5.B【解析】句意:汤姆要去那里。你不需要去那了。考查need的用法。need需要,作为情态动词后跟动词原形,作为实义动词后跟动词不定式。根据“Tom is going there. You.go there.”可知,此处表示否认,即不需要去,使用neednt或者donneed t
19、o。应选B。6.C【解析】句意:许多青少年认为,随着年龄的增长,他们应该被允许自己做决定。考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语“they”与allow之间是动宾关系,此处用被动语态;再由as they are older and wiser”可知随着他们更年长、更聪明,应该被允许自己做决定,用肯定句。应选C。7.B【解析】句意:我们不需要任何饮料,因为冰箱里有足够的了。考查动词。need“需要”,作为情态动词时,后面接动词原形,其否认形式为neednt;作为实义动词时,后 面接名词,代词或动词不定式作宾语,其否认形式为don,t/doesnt/didiTt need。此处接名词any drinks作
20、宾 语,因此need作实义动词,主语we是复数形式,否认句需借助助动词dont即dorTtneed,应选B。8.B【解析】句意:也许二十年后不会再有学校。哦,我不这么认为。学生在学校学习更好些。in twentyyearsHime“二十年后”,表示的是将来的时间状语,句子的时态用一般将来时,排除C,D;根据答语力 don,t think so. Students study better at school.(我不这么认为,学生在学校学习更好些。)判断,对“二十年后 不会再有学校”这一观点表示否认,故前面的句子应该是否认句,答案为B。9 . B【解析】句意:最近空气污染有所好转吗?没有,祸不单
21、行,附近河流的水质越来越差。你能找出原 因吗? A. A miss is as good as a mile 失之毫厘,差之千里;B. It never rains but it pours 祸不单行;C. The early bird catches the worm捷足先登;早起的鸟儿有虫吃;D. Burn the candle at both end鱼与熊掌难以兼得。空气 污染没有好转,河流的水质越来越差。坏事不止一件,用祸不单行来形容,应选B。10 .B【解析】句意:你不必如此匆忙地完成工作,你可以休息一下。考查need的用法。Need在否认句中有 两种用法:1、做情态动词,needn
22、t do sth; 2、做实意动词,don9t need to do stho结合选项,应选B。11. D【解析】句意:天舟四号货运飞船到达天宫空间站花了多长时间? 只有大约六个小时。考查特殊疑问词。How often多久一次;How soon多久以后;How far多远;How long多长时间。根据答语 “Only about six hours.”可知,此题对多长时间进行提问,应选D。12. C【解析】句意:你多久浇一次植物? 一个月两次。考查特殊疑问句。How far多远;How long多久;How often多久一次;How soon多久。根据答语Twice a month.”可知
23、,问的是频率。应选C。13. B【解析】句意: 我多久需要喂一次小狗?一一必须每天给它食物来维持它的生命。考查特殊疑问词。How long多长时间;How often多久一次;How much多少钱;How soon多久以后。根据 “every day”可知是问频率,应选B。14. D【解析】句意:你知道武汉和上海之间的高速铁路多久将建成吗? 几个月后。考查特殊疑问词。how long多长时间;how far多远;how often多久一次;how soon多久以后。根据“In a few months.”可知“in+一段时间”表示“.之后”,用how soon提问,表示“多久之后”。应选D。
24、15. A【解析】句意:北京冬季奥运会圣火是如何点燃的? 这是在希腊用凹面镜收集太阳光而形成 的。考查特殊疑问词。how如何;why为什么;when什么时候;what什么。根据by collecting the sunlight with a concave mirror (凹面镜)in Greece.”可知此处是问圣火点燃的方式,应选A。16. D【解析】句意:你有冰墩墩的模型吗? 还没有。很难弄到一个。考查一般疑问句。have引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+have,否认回答用“No,主语+haven,t”,排除A、B;根据“It,s too hard to get one.”
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