人教新目标英语八年级上册Unit1知识讲解+练习题.docx

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1、人教新目标英语八年级上册Unit 1 Where did von go on vacation?词句精*讲精练撰稿人：审稿人：词汇精讲 1. anvwhereWanywhere足副词，意为“在任何地方”，常用在否认句或疑问句中.而在H定句中，那么多用 somewhere。例如:He cant find his English book anywhere.他到处找不到他的英语 15。I thuik he must live somewhere.我觉符他#定住在某个地方。2. fewfew意为“少数的：很少的“，只修饰川数名词，表否认含义。例如：I caii see few biids ill d

2、ie tiee.我几乎看不到树上有鸟。a few为“几个;少许相当于several.只修饰可数名同复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends.他有儿个朋友。【拓展】(1) Httle意为“很少：一点儿”，用于 速；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名同，表否认含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：There is little iiulk in the cup.杯子里没 ft ,中奶了。A linle boy is coming.一个小男孩过来Y。(2) a little意为“有点儿：少量”修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：He has a little money w

3、ith huiL他随身带了点儿饯。a little也以用作副词.修饰形容词.副词.动词以及介词短语.表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：He is a linle tired.他有点累 了。You should walk a littlefaster.你碎该走快-点。She was only a little over fifty years01d.她才五十多一点。(3)相关短语：quite a few = not a few 相 多的 quite a little 许多only a linle but a linle 相当少mostmost后rif直接跟名词(4数或不f数)，同时，也口寸接柯形容词修饰

4、的名词。例如：Most boys like playing football.大局部男孩都S欢踢足球。(2) most前有定冠词时，讨用来修饰多音节形容同，表示最高级，意为“最”。但足，如果most 前有不定冠词a.那么表示“非常：很”，相当于very。例如：Tliis is Ilie most beautiful flower.漂亮的花。She is a most beautiful gul.她足个非常漂亮的姑娘。(3) most后不能直接跟有定冠词、ffi示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词.用most of代替most.例如：I did most of that difficult work.那

5、件闲难的工作绝人局部都足由我做的。Mostof the time we eat fish.绝大局部时间我们都吃鱼肉。【拓展】almost = very nearly 指在程度上相乾很少almost厂与 uo, none notlung, never,nobody等表示否认怠义的同还用。例如：I almost missed the flight我差一点误 丫 航班。Almost no onebelieved what lie said.几乎没人相信他的话。(1) mostly=mainly 意为“人局部、主要地”。例如：The students iii oui class aie mostly

6、from the factory;我们班的学生主要来 A 这家工厂 His stones were mostly about his travels m foreign countries.他的故事人多是关于他在国外旅游的经历bored boied也足形容阂，意为“感到厌烦的”，一般用来说明人的感受。例如：Ini bored witli the book.我对这本竹厌烦丫。【拓展】boring足形容词，意为“令人厌烦的”.一般用来说明市物的特征。例如：The stoiy is boiiug.这个故市令人厌烦。(2)英语中，带-ing的形容同，用来形容汛物，指某节物的性质、特征，意为“令人的”

7、“让人的”，常用衷物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的纪用来形容人的.意为“感到的”“使人的”，其主语是人.类似的词有：excituig令人兴奋的mteiestuig令人感兴趣的movmg今人感动的excited (人)感到兴奇的interested (人)感兴趣的moved (人)感动的tiling令人厌倦的nred (人感到疲倦/累/厌烦的decidedecide是动词，意为“决定.选定”。常见用法有：(1) decide stli.意为“决定某审”。例如：I cant decide anvthmg at the moment.现在我不能做 Hi 任何决定。(2) decide to do

8、 sth.意为“决定做某事”。例如：We decide to go to Pans next month.我们决定卜个月去巴黎。The boy decided to be a sailor. 那男孩决定做海员。The doctors decided to operate on him for the lumoi.医生们决定为他千干刀切除 肿瘤、【拓展】decide on.意为“由决定：决定于”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I decided on going to Beijing at last. M 后我决定 i 北京 f My mother decided on the red

9、dress.我妈妈决定买下那件红色的ffi子。6. enougli(1) enough作形容词，意为“充足的.充分的，足够的” .i4作表语或定语.作定语时，放在名词的 前面或后面。例如：The food is enough for the Uip.用于这次旅行的ft物足够了。I have enough tmie to watch TV.我行足够的时|ujS 电视。(2) enougli还4作副同，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容同或副同后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.那个年轻人足够强壮

10、能搬动重包。【拓展】(l)enougli.to do sth. “有足够的 做某事”。例如：I dont liave enough time to eai* lunch.我没钉足够的时 M 吃午饭。(3) .enough to do可以同 too1o或 sothat.结构互相转换。例如:He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school.他太小而不能上学。 7. seemseem是系动词.意为“好像.似乎来”，后常接形容

11、词。例如：Heseenis very angry他好像非常生奴。【拓展】seem的用法归纳：seem+名同例如：He seenis a nice man.他起来足个好人。2)seem like意为好像，似乎 .例如：It seemed like not a badidea ar that lime.那口+应主意麻像不错。(4) seem to do stli.意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如：I seem to have left inv book at home.我好像把 15 忘在家里了。(5) It seems that.或 It seemed that.意为“看起来好像，似乎.”。

12、例如：It seemed that he was very happy.他看上去好像很高兴。(6) seem to be +形容词或名词例如：She seen is to be happy.她看起来很高兴。8. trytry to do sth.意为“设法去做某聿，尽墨去做某衷，其否认形式为try not to do sth.。例如：Try not to be late again.尽星别再迟到了。Try to get here in two hours.尽量在两小口寸之内到达。【拓展】(1) tiy doing sth.意为“试着做某邮”.强调尝试做某市。例如：You should try

13、eating more vegetables.你沌 3 试着多吃点蔬菜。(2) try ones best to do stli.意为“尽某人g大努力做某审”。例如：We should tiy oui best to finish die work on tune.我们该尽最人努力准时完成这项工作6(3) iry构成的短语：try stli. on 试穿 try out slh.试验、检验Have a try试一试tiyfor slli.试阁获得某物try onesbest尽某人最人努力词汇精练I.英汉互译。I .任何有趣的地方. quite a few2 .感到厌烦. decide to d

14、o sth.3 .足够人.尝试做某衷4 . buy stli. foi sb.5 .看起来漂亮. roo manv books 1(). because ofH.根据汉语或首字母提示，完成以下单词.1.1 think Huaiigguosiiu Waterfall is very wThere are quite a f apple trees there.2. There is s wrong with my computci.3. Mr. Black(好像)to be quite happy.4. His talk made us feel b， so we wanted to go ho

15、me.5. The gill d to be a singer when she grew up.6. The cat tan after the rat aiid t to catch it.7. Do you know die(不同点)between rhe two books?8. My mother is w for me at the bus stop.9. After the long walk, they were(饥饿的)and thirsty.III.用所给动词的适当形式填空，On my next day off、I dont want(go) for a drive.1.

16、Whatyou(see) when you were m Chicago?2. The little boy(study) hard every day.3. They(not watch) TV last night.4. Where(be) you yesterday.I(be) at home.5. Tom(come) here last week.6. We decided(go) abioad oil vacation.8.1 think you should tiv(eat) more vegetables.IV.用适当的复合不定代词填空.(答案不唯一)Theres in tlii

17、s bag, its empty.1. There is waiting outside to see you She didn l tell me her name.1.1 didnt invite all of them, but has come.4. There isnt watching TV at (he moment.5. 一 Shall I make you to eat9 Yes. please. Tm really hungryIt s a secret.knows about it.6. Will you ask to cariy rlus bag lor me. ple

18、ase?7. Is there wrong with you bike9No.is wrong.参考答案I.英汉互译。1. anwhcrc interesting 2.相当多 不少 3. feel bored 4.决定做某$ 5. big enough6. try doing sth. 7.为某人买某物8. look beautiful 9.太多的书 1().因为11.根据汉语或首字母提示，完成以下单词1. wonderful 2. few 3. something 4. seems 5. bored 6. decided 7. tried8. differences 9. waiting 1

19、(). hungryin.用所给动词的适当i式填空.1. to go 2. did, see 3. studies 4. didnt watch 5. were; was 6. caiueto go 8. eatingIV.用适当的复i不定代词填空-(答案不唯一)nothing 2. someone / somebody 3. eveiybodv / everyone4. anybody / anyone 5. something 6. Nobody ! No one 7. somebody / someoneanything, notlung句式精讲Did you do anything s

20、pecial last month?本句足一个一般过去U寸的一般疑问句.其中的anything special意为“任何特别的市” .special是形容 词，修饰aiiytlung。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。例如：Can you tell something mteiestmg”你能讲些有趣的卞情吗?Is (Here anybody important here?这儿有人人物吗? Would you like soincthuig to eat?要来些吃的东西 吗？【拓展】a合不定代词的用法：(1) S合不定代词是由some-, any-, no-, eveiy-力口上-oue. -bod

21、y, -tiling等所组成的不定代 间。W 合不定代 i 司括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, notlung. nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等十二个。这些g合代词JI有名词性质，在句中川用作主 语、宾语或表 语，但不能用作定语。合不定代阂通常被咎成足单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语口寸，其后的谓语动同用单数 形式。例如：Is evciyonc here today?今天大家都到齐了吗？Nothing is difficult if you p

22、ut your heart into it.世上无难 5,只怕有心人。(3) it some-和 any-所构成的反合不定代同(即 something anything： someone 和 anyone： somebody和anybody)之l*ij的区别跟some和any的K别样。1) sometlung, someone, somebody 通常用于 H 定句中，而 anything, anyone, anybody一般 用于否认句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如：He found sometlung strange but mieresling.他发现了一些奇怪但却打趣的 S 情。Do

23、you liave anything to say ?你舍话要说吗？I didnt meet anybody on the island.在岛上 我没遇见任何人。2)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方s定答a的疑问 句,以及表示反问的问句中也用something- someone, somebody等S合不定代词。例如：Would you like something ro ear?要些吃的东曲吗？ Isntthere sometliing WToiig with you?难道你没问题？3)当anything表示“任何$ (物，无论何$ (物)，anyone, an

24、ybody表示“无论谁，任 何人等意义时.它们也可以用于肯定句中。例如：Anything is OK.f 卜么都 i j。Anybody knows theanswer.任何人都知道答案。口诀：不定代同美名扬，修饰成分后边饿：单数动词作谓语，何口寸何地都一样。2. Yes, I bought something for my father.本句中用了 buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物” 也可用buy sb. sth,即buy后跟双宾语，sb.指人是问接宾语.sTh.指物是直接宾语。例如：He bought me a present. =

25、 He bought a piesent foi me.他给我买 了 一份礼物。【拓展】英语中带双宾语的动词，如果把直接宾语置于问接宾语之前，必须加上K)或fen常见的此种用法的动词分两类：(1)动词buy； draw; make等nJ 跟双宾语*当直接宾语前置时.必须在叫接宾语前加fcr,即： buy/diawaiiake stli. for sb.例如：Motlier made a pair of tiousers for her son.母亲为儿子做 f 一条裤子。(2)动词 give; pass; lend, write; show; send; hand ft bling 接双宾 i

26、/i,当 S 接宾前置时 K 在 1 川 接宾语前加 to 构成 6 即：give/ pass/ lend. sth. to sb. 例如：ril send it ro you.我会把它送给你的。【注意】上述能接双宾语的动词，一般情况下两种形式可以互换，即V. + sb. + sth. = VI. + sth. for(to) sb.o但当直接宾语足代同时，不管问接宾语足何种同性，只能用vf. + sth.(代词)+ foi(to)sb.3. Everything tasted really good!本句中的taste在此足系动词，意为“尝起来”，后面接形容同作表语。例如： The food

27、 tastes good, f t 物尝起来很香。【拓展】(1) look, sound, smell： taste, 61r五个动词都与人的感觉有关，uj称之为“臧官”动同。这五个动词均4作系动词，后面接形容词作表语.说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/佼起来”。除lookZn.其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：The old mau looks very happy.那个老人召起来很幸福。These flowers smell veiy sweel.这些花闻起来 很香。The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿投起来很软。(2) look,

28、sound, smell, taste, feel这些动词后面也接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。 Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。4. .because there were too many people.too many在句中作形容词，意为“许多大量”，后接可数名词。例如：There aie too many books ui the loom. You can choose auy one to read.房M里有太多的书了 你可以选择任何一本来读。【拓展】too much / too many / much loo 的辨析：词语词形特点

29、too much形容词短活后跟不uf数名词，也14作代词短语too many形容词短语后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语much too副词短语后跟形容词或副词例如:Dont eat too much sweet. Its bad for your teeth.不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。Ifs much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.外面太冷了 , 你应该穿上外套。【had too much. Tm full now我 吃的太多了，现在饱了。You ask too many questions.你问得太多 f。5. And bec

30、ause of (lie bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.本句中的because of足缸合介阂，其后接名词、代词、动名阂、wliat从句等。例如：He lostlusjob because of lus age.由于年龄关系他失去了 K 作。He knew she was ciyiiig because of what he had said. 他知道她哭足冈为他说的话。【拓展】because和because of的辨析：(1) because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because后面接句子，常用来回答why

31、的 提问，一般放于主句之后，也口寸以单独存在：而because of的后面用名词、代同或者动名词短语形式。 例如：I stayed at home because it rained.因为卜雨我待在家里。Because Lmgluig was ill. she didnt come co school.玲玲闪病没介 h 学。一Why is she absent，她为什么缺席？ 一Because slie is sick.闪为她病 了。We couldnt have tlic sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain我们上个星期天没能召开运动会

32、是因为下雨了。句式精练I.根据汉语提示，完成英语句子(每空一词)。1 .那听起来很无趣。That sounds veiy.2 .此后，他们就没有买其他的东曲了。After that, they didnt buy.3 .王小姐喜欢在公闲里照相。Miss Whng likes ill the park.4 .把你的照片给我看看好吗？Can you me your photograplis?5 .这是一本有趣的书，你想读吗？This is au book, do you want to read it?6 .因为下雨，我们没有去看电影。didnt go to the movies the lain

33、.7 .我想给妈妈买一件外套。I want a coat my mother._.箱子太重了，我搬不动。The box is heavy, so I cant carry it._II.句型转换，每空一词*1. It ramed a lot that day.(改为一般疑问句)_it_a lot that day of the day, oiu teacher was very happy, because we c(10) the bus after This trip.IV.补全对话.A: Oh, John, what did you do? B: You wont believe it.

34、 But 12. There were some actors at the aquarium.(改为一般疑 问句)there actors at the aquarium?3. My day off was .ery boring.(京尤戈I修书局部书艮诃)_your dayoff?4. My brother made me a kite yesterdiy-(同义句转换)My brother a kite me vesteiday.5. He isnt old enough to go to school.(同义句转换)He is young he cant go to school.in

35、.阅读填词.On May Day the students in our class h(1) a great time on the school rrip. We went to the zoo tliat day. F(2) we watched a rn (3) about paiidas. Next we v_(4) die paiidas andtook a lot of p(5). Tliey were really shy a_(6) lovely. After lunch, we went to a gift shop where we b(7) lots of gifts.

36、 Finally, tired but liappy. we t(8) tlie bus back to school. At the eA: Jake Dean, the famous actor? You really met hun. B: Yes, he was making a movie in the zoo. A: Wow. 2No, I didnt. Lucy did. 3 Here it is. A: Wow. 4B: No. we only saw Jake. Look, here is Toby. He won a puze in the gift shop. A: 5B

37、: No, I didnt. I bought it.A. Were there oilier actors there,B. Did you win that CD?C. I met Jake Dean*D. But I took liis photo.E , Did you get his autograph?1.2.3 4.5 参考答案L根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。I. boring 2. anything else 3. taking photos 4. show 5. interesting6. because of 7. to buy； for 8. much tooII.句型转换，每空一词，1. Did; rain 2. Were; any 3. How was 4. made; fbi 5. so, that10. cleanedin.阅读填词。1. had 2. First 3. movie 4. visited 5. photos 6. and 7. bought 8. took 9. endIV.补全对话。1-5 CEDAB