外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 U12 Lecture Notes.docx

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1、Unit 12 The Design of Chinese Gardene Pre-reading Activities2I. Lead-in2II. Cultural information2III. Audiovisual supplements3o Global Reading4I . Main idea4II Structural analysis4ree Detailed Reading5Text 15ur Consolidation Activities25I. Vocabulary Analysis25II. Grammar Exercises30III. Translation

2、 exercises34IV. Exercises for integrated skills35V. Phonetics36VI. Oral activities37VII. Writing Practice38VIII. Listening Exercises39ve Further Reading41I. Text II41II. Memorable Quotes46Paraphrase: Unlike Chinese gardens, Japanese gardens are simple and small, and they boast a high density of shru

3、bs and bushes.Paragraphs 3-6Questions:1. What do you think is the purpose of Chinese garden walls?A: Walls are an important architectural feature of the Chinese garden. With high walls surrounding a garden, the area seems secluded. With the garden separated by walls, the elements of the area stand o

4、ut and become even more vibrant. Walls also block out surrounding buildings that would otherwise interfere with the serenity of the garden.2. What is tracery and how does the author describe it?A: Tracery is a pattern of lines and curves in stone used as wall decoration. The author gives a detailed

5、description of the tracery in Chinese gardens and his choice of words such as “depth” and “spectacle“ gives clues to how he feels about the subject to arouse the readers interest.3. Why is white a dominating color in the Chinese garden?A: White serves as a pure backdrop for the flowers and trees in

6、the Chinese garden. Green leaves and colorful blooms really stand out against a white setting, creating an artistic effect.4. What is the religious significance of the Chinese garden?A: To the Zen Buddhist it means the extinction of all desires and passions and the extinction of ones individual iden

7、tity. The purpose of the garden is to replicate in miniature the fullness of nature so as to produce an environment in which the soul can immerse itself and find tranquility and peace.5. Read the first sentence of each paragraph in this part. And can you find out how does this part be developed? How

8、 do they connect to the next part?A:para.2: Chinese garden-design is primarily a branch of pictorial art.para.3: The Chinese garden is usually enclosed in high walls.para.4: The garden wall in South China is invariably white-washed.para.5: The wall is seldom straight.para.6: Since the Chinese garden

9、 is not a showy art, it depends largely upon the wall to conceal its beauty, beckoning the wanderer on with a glimpse through the doorway or the grille.Para.2 tells us one of the features of Chinese garden-design: a branch of pictorial art. Right then, it shows us “how” in the following part, for wh

10、ich “wall” is an illustration, because wall” repeats in every first sentence in this part: the first sentence of para.3 tells us the structural design of the walls, the first sentence of para.4 the color design of the walls, and the first sentence of para.5 the shape design of the walls.In short, wi

11、th the “walls as an example, para.3, 4 and 5 try to explain that Chinese garden-design is primarily a branch of pictorial art”. While the explanations in para.3, 4 and 5 are about the look of the wall design, para.6 tells us the concept of the wall design, that is, the design is an art, but not a sh

12、owy art.By close reading, development of this part (from para.3 to para.6), and the organic transferring to the last part (para.2) are evident. Reading in this way can effectively help us to grasp a unified picture rather than fragments.Words and Expressionsvitally adv. in a way that is extremely im

13、portant, or necessary for the success or continued existence of somethinge.g The country was vitally dependent on imports, particularly of oil.该国严重依赖进口，特别是石油进口。Synonym:very importantlypatterned with thin brick or tile: decorated with a recumng design using thin brick or tie pattern v. to be copied f

14、rom something or to be very similar to something:e.g. Papa in his finest coat, patterned with gold lion heads embroidered on the fabric. 爸爸穿着他最好的外套，上面绣着金色的狮子头。9. enhance v. to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth e.g. We are using technology to enhance our levels o

15、f service.我们正在运用技术提高服务水平。You can enhance the flavor of most dishes with the careful use of herbs.添加药材可以让许多菜肴的风味Synonyms:increase, improve, intensify, magnify, amplifyComparison:improve v. to become better than before; to make sth/sb better than before e.g. Residents improve the appearance of their v

16、illage.居民改善了村庄的面貌。10. lend itself to to be suitable for being used in a particular way e.g. None of her books really lends itself to being made into a film. 她的书没有一本真正适合改编成电影的。Her voice doesnt really lend itself well to blues singing.她的嗓音真的不适合唱蓝调歌曲。Comparison:be suitable for right or appropriate for

17、a particular purpose or occasion e.g. I thought this suit would be suitable for your interview.我觉得这套西装适合你面试穿。I had tried many fields, but they didnt seem to be suitable for me.我尝试了好几个领域，但是好像没有适合我的。11. undulate v. to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and fallinge.g. I saw various ridges to

18、 my right and left, undulating over the huge and imposing landscape. 放眼四顾，山脉变化多端，在广袤壮观的大地上延绵起伏。As we traveled south, the countryside begins to undulate as the rolling hills sweep down to the riverbanks.我们一路南行，乡间面貌开始起伏不平，绵延的山峦一直延伸到河岸。Synonyms:rise and fall, surge, waveDerivation:undulation: n.12. rel

19、ieve v. to make a problem less difficult or seriouse.g. We need to find ways to relieve overcrowding in our schools.我们需要找到方法来缓解学校过度拥挤的问题。They decided not to count on foreign aid to relieve the famine.他们决定不依靠国外援助来缓解饥荒。Synonyms:alleviate, soothe, reduce, lessen, diminishDerivation:relieved: adj.13. cr

20、eep v.(1) (of plants) to grow along the ground or up walls using long stems or rootsto move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention e.g. Interest rates have been creeping up in the past few weeks.在过去的几周里，利率一直在缓慢增长。Old age creeps upon one unawares.人不知不觉就进入迟暮之年。(2) to move al

21、ong with the body close to the grounde.g. A spider was creeping on the bathroom floor.一只蜘蛛在卫生间的地上爬着。She crept toward the edge of the roof and looked over.她爬到屋顶边缘，望过去。Derivation:creeper: n.creeping: adj.Synonyms:crawl, move on all fourscrawl v. to move forward on your hands and knees with your body c

22、lose to the ground e.g. Our baby is just starting to crawl.我们的宝宝刚开始会爬。15. terminate v. to end in a particular way or at a particular placee.g. The branches of that tree terminate in flower clusters.那颗树的树枝延伸至花丛。He had a scar across his face which terminated in an empty eye-socket.他脸上有一条疤痕，末尾是空洞的眼窝子。D

23、erivation:termination: n.Collocation:VERB+TERMINATEbe entitled to, be free to 有权终止,随意结束eg You are entitled to terminate the contract.你有权终止合约。16. rockery n. a garden or an area within a garden that has plants growing between piles of stones e.g. From the orientation perspective, rockery can be placed

24、 in the west, South, southwest, northwest, northeast, middle is not residential room.从方位来讲，假山可以放在西方，南方，西南方，西北方，东北方，就是不能房间住宅的中 间。Synonym:rock gardenconceal v.(1) to hide something carefullyeg A wide-brimmed hat concealed her graying hair.一顶宽边帽遮住了她灰白的头发。(2) to hide your real feelings or the truthe.g.

25、She tried to conceal the fact that she was pregnant.她试图隐瞒她怀孕的事实。Hawkins could not conceal how he felt about working with his close friends.霍金斯无法掩饰和好友一起工作时的感受。Synonyms:hide, keep out of sight, keep hidden, cover, secretebeckon v. to signal someone with arm or hand so as to tell that person to come cl

26、oser or follow e.g. ”Come and look at this/* he said, beckoning me over to the window.“过来看看这个，”他说道，边招手让我走到窗前。The figure raised a hand and beckoned to me for a second time.这个人又伸手向我示意了一次。Synonyms:gesture, signal, wave, make a gesturea retreat for meditation: a quiet and secluded place in which one can

27、 rest and relax and think deeply and seriously about sth.retreat n. a private and safe placee.g. a country/mountain/lakeside retreat乡村/山间/湖畔休养地Sentences5. The beauty of the tracery is greatly enhanced by its depth, which, when light plays on it, presents the most sparkling spectacle. (Paragraph 3)Pa

28、raphrase: The depth of the tracery immensely increases its beauty, which, under light coming from different angles, shows / displays a most splendid sparkling scene. / The depth of the tracery renders it much more attractive or more charming, and when light from different angles dances on it, it cre

29、ates the most fascinating spatial illusion shining in small flashes.6. The garden wall in South China is invariably white-washed. It lends itself admirably to bamboo shadows thrown on it by sunlight or moonlight. (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase: The garden wall in South China is always painted white. The pl

30、ay of light and shadow on the white wall make it look artistically abstract, adding interest to the sight.7. The top of the wall is usually undulated, and relieved of its heaviness by tile-tracery. This idea is sometimes carried too far when head and tail are added to make it look like a dragon. (Pa

31、ragraph 4)Paraphrase: The roof line of the wall usually has gentle curves. Tile-traceries along the top of the wall give it a softer look. Sometimes too much detailed decoration makes it look like a dragon.8. Winding and creeping, it may terminate either in a pavilion or a hill. It can stop graceful

32、ly in curves or further continue itself with a screen of rockery. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase: The wall zigzags and extends and may end either in a pavilion or in a hill. It can stop with beautiful curves within the wall or extend to hide itself behind a rockery.9. Since the Chinese garden is not a show

33、y art, it depends largely upon the wall to conceal its beauty, beckoning the wanderer on with a glimpse through the doorway or the grille.(Paragraph 6)Paraphrase: The Chinese garden is not a kind of art that is colorful and attractive and easily visible. It relies mainly upon the wall to make its be

34、auty invisible. Visitors or passersby are tempted to walk inside and see the garden only if they have a glimpse of it through the doorway or the grille.Paragraphs 7Questions:1. Why are doorways and window grilles designed in various ways?A: Because doorways and window grilles are significant aesthet

35、ic features of the Chinese garden, designed in various ways, they are certainly more attractive to tourists or visitors, who may be charmed and feel delighted at first sight.2. What is the function of window grilles?A: Window grilles are an important architectural feature of the Chinese garden that

36、creates the first impression for visitors. In a Chinese garden, one finds a variety of window grills in different colors and designs. They blend into the garden harmoniously and allow visitors to have a clear view of the interior of the garden.3. How does para. 7 prove the most prominent feature of

37、the design in Chinese-garden9s doorways and window grills? And are they the best design according to the author?A: Variety is an essential quality of the design for doorways and window grills. The doorways possess different shapes, and the window grills assume innumerable forms.Expressions like “No

38、picture-frame is more attractive than one of these doorways through which a vista arrests the eye., and Window grilles, the closeness of whose pattern is necessitated by the rather small size of tell us the design works well and they arenecessary. Therefore, the last sentence explains why does the d

39、esign work and introduces the next paragraphthe design of the pavement, another example without intricacy.Words and Expressionsarrest v. to make somebody notice something and pay attention to it e.g. She put out a hand to arrest his attention.她伸出手来引起他的注意。The work of an architect of genius always arr

40、ests the visitors9 eye.天才建筑师的作品总是能吸引参观者的注意。Synonyms:attract, catchnecessitate v. to make something necessary e.g. A miscount necessitates a recount.数错就得再数一遍。Your proposal would necessitate changing our plans.你的提议必须要我们为之改变计划。Synonyms:make necessary, entailDerivation:necessity: n.20. translucent adj.

41、If an object or a substance is translucent, it is almost transparent, allowing some light through it in an attractive way.e.g. translucent plastic/glass半透明的塑料/玻璃This china is so fine and delicate that its translucent.这件瓷器做工精细，晶莹剔透。Lauras skin has a translucent quality.劳拉皮肤白皙清透。21. assume v.(1) (form

42、al) to begin to have a particular quality or appearancee.g. The issue has assumed considerable political proportions (= has become a big political problem).这已经成为一个很大的政治问题。(2) to think or accept that something is true without having proof of it e.g. It is generally assumed that stress is caused by to

43、o much work. 人们普遍认为，压力是工作量大引起的。If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful. 要是盒子包装得好，我们通常认为里面的东西也一样优质。Synonyms:presume, supposeDerivation:assumed, assumable, assumedlyCollocation:(l)adv.-i-ASSUMEautomatically, naturally理所当然地认为；自然地认为 e.g. I automatically assumed that you

44、 knew about this. 我想当然地认为你知道这事。(2) VERB+ASSUMEtend to倾向于认为be fair to, be reasonable to, be safe to的假设是公正的；的假设是有理由的；有把握地认 为It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve. 认为经济会持续好转是有理由的。22. intricacy n. the fact of having complicated parts, details or patterns e.g. I enjoyed the

45、 film, but I couldnt follow all the intricacies of the plot. 我喜欢这部电影，但情节中有些复杂的细节我弄不明白。Collocation:Learn, master, understand + INTRICACY学习复杂的事物；掌握复杂事物；理解复杂性Pve never mastered the intricacies of cricket.我从未掌握打板球错综复杂的要领。Derivation:intricate: adj.an intricate maze; an intricate machineSynonyms:complexit

46、y, difficulty, confusionSentences10. No picture-frame is more attractive than one of these doorways through which a vista arrests the eye. Window grilles, the closeness of whose pattern is necessitated by the rather small size of the translucent sea-shells that serve as panes, assume innumerable for

47、ms.(Paragraph 7)Paraphrase: No picture-frame is more noticeable or more charming than one of these doorways through which a view or scene of a large area draws ones attention and entices one to enter. Window grilles present a variety of forms. The rather small size of the translucent sea-shells serv

48、ing as panes fits in with the pattern of window grilles.Paragraph 8Questions:1. What special features does the pavement show?A: The pavement in a Chinese garden is made up of numerous mosaics of different insignificant materials such as chips of stone, broken tiles, pebbles and fragments of porcelain. Usually the design is symmetrical, in the form of combinations of polygons or quatrefoils. Of the asymmetrical forms the most common is the “broken-ice“ pattern.2. Why is the pavement made by simple material?A: Simple