高一英语下册课时课堂检测题23(细节诠释).docx

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1、细节诠释Tt语凝M 【过去分词做定语和表语】一、过去分词的含义过去分词有“被动”或“完成”的意思，及物动词的过去分词既表被动也表示完成，但有时只表被动；不及 物动词的过去分词只表完成。如：a broken heart 一颗破碎的心（被动和完成）a ploughed field犁过的田地（被动和完成）a risen sun己升起的太阳（完成）fallen leaves （落叶）（完成）二、过去分词做定语1.单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通 常放在所修饰的名词后。如：（enified people.;the affected person ;

2、ordinary people exposed to cholera.the river polluted by the dirty water from London 注意: 1.有些单个的过去分词，像left （剩余的given （所给予的）concerned （有关的）等,习惯上用作后置 定语。如：the money left （剩余的钱）the people concerned 有关人士 the time given 给出的时间例如，For bread fast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm.A. grown

3、 B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow 2.过去分词作定语和现在分词做定语的区别，现在分词和过去分词作定语来修饰名词，区别主要表现 在语态和时间关系上。1）在语态上不同：现在分词与被修饰词之间构成“主动”，而过去分词则构成“被动”。如：surprising news令人吃惊的消息surprised listeners吃惊的听众an exciting movie令人激动的电影 excited children 激动的孩 T注意:An excited expression appeared on his face, when he saw his mother

4、.2）时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行中，而过去分词则表示的动作往往已 经完成。如：(he changing world.正在发生变化的世界 developing countries 发展中国家 the changed world 已经改变了 的 developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves正在下落的叶子 a rising sun正在冉冉升起的太阳fallen leaves落叶a risen sun 已升起的太阳3)判断如何选择过去分词还是现在分词，应该考虑动词的词性(及物还是不及物动词)，而不要单从汉 语角度考虑。注意:dress,

5、seat, fix, lose, dovote, compare, tire 等及物动词及 remain, sit 等不及物动词和 taste (尝起来)，smell (闻起来)，lound (听起来)，appear (看起来像)，look (看起来)等系动词。a. He. dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook (han a doctor.b. Can the audience scatcd/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me?c. My mother, lost in tho

6、ught, didt hear us entering the room.d. The desserts tasting very delicious arc cocked by my mother.e. The theory remaining to be proved was put fonvard by Mr. Smith.f. Julia Smith stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.3. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别过去分词含有“被

7、动”“完成”两种含义;若表示“某事正在被做“，通常使用动词的being done形式；若表示 “即将被做“，通常使用动词的to be done形式；(1) The meeting (hold) now is of great importance.(2) The meeting (hold) yesterday was of great importance.(3) The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.答案(1) being hold (2) hold (3) to be hold解析考查过去分词hold的用法。含有，被动2完成

8、两种含义;若表示二某事正在被做“，通常使用动词Fbeing done形式；若表示地口将被做“，通常使用动词的to be done形式。4.过去分词和现在分词作定语与定语从句的互换。(1)过去分词作定语改成定语从名后一般为被动句An organized trip is a trip (which/that is) organized by somebody or some organization.(2)现在分词作定语改成定语从句一般为主动句An honest person is a person always telling the truth. An honest person is a p

9、erson who always tells the truth.三、过去分词作表语1过去分词作表语时总是用在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，如：Oa. She looked disappointed.b. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people, c. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 常用的系表结构 be/ge

10、t married to sb. be lost in thoughtbe devoted tobe surprised/astoinsed/shocked ,at2.系表结构与被动结构的区别： be/get married to sb. be lost in thoughtbe devoted tobe surprised/astoinsed/shocked ,at2.系表结构与被动结构的区别：be/get stuck受困,被卡住，陷入,”, bc seated ”,，be dressed in1）二者都是由“be+done”构成，但系表结构中的过去分词表示主语所处的状态，被动语态则表示主语是 动作的承受者。如：。a. The lake is badly pollaied by ihe p叩er mill.这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。（被动语态）QHe is dressed in white uniform.（系表结构）2）过去分词作表语时，句子主语多是人，表示主语的感受；现在分词作表语，句子主语多是物，它表示 给别人造成的感觉。如： The match is exciting ； The autience are excited