中考英语复习专题——专题10：定语从句专项复习.docx

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1、中考英语复习专题专题10 :定语从句专项复习央哈MHJ一且都是仞中央I苜宇刁6里总和XB忌，仞中宇dtrVMHJe次喑从 句、宾语从句、定语从句，这些都是我们要重点复习的内容。今天，我们一起 来进入专题10:定语从句专项复习。定语从句作为初中英语的难点，在语篇阅读中对定语从句的考查必不可少。因此掌 握定语从句的简单用法是非常有必要的。在做此类试题时，首先确定先行词是指物还是指人，指人就从that, who, whose, whom中选择；指物就从that, which中选择。然后再根据关系词在从句中所作的成 分来确定到底应该用哪一个关系词。1定语从句概述在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语

2、从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定 语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词thcit,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词 whenzwherezwhv o关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行 词例句thatwhO, whom （只作 宾语）主语、宾 语、表语人Doyouknowtheold man who/that is standing underthetree? 你认 识站在树下的那个老人吗?thatzwhich主语、 宾 语、表 语物She got a computerwhich/that her parents bought for he

3、r, 她有一台 电脑，这台电脑是她父母买给她的。whose定语人/物The boy whose father is a doctorstudies very hard. 这个男孩学习非 常刻苦，他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我 的。when状语时间1 still rememberthedaywhen you left for Beijing.我彳乃然t己得彳尔前往 北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所 学校。why

4、状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟 到的原因吗？2关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、 表语或宾语;which指物，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾 语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。A doctor is a person who looks after q QQtient.先行词 主语 谓语宾语句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。1 .以下情况下，先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导

5、：(I)领先行词是。11,1 升tie,much,none,everything,anything,nothing 等代词时。Is there anything that you dont understand? 你有什么不懂的地方吗？Tomtold his motherall that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。(2)领先行词前面有the onlyjhe veryjhe last等修饰时。This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。This is the b

6、est book that I have ever read,这是我读过的最好的书。(4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆？2 .关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的 宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时，不能省略。111 never forget the day on which I joined the club. 我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的 那一天。注意:thot,which,who在从句中作主语时，不能省略。Who

7、is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是 谁？3关系副词的用法This is the factory where my father works.先行词 地点状语 主语 谓语句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。l.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remembertheyearwhen you graduated from No.8MiddleSchool. 我依然i己 得你从八中毕业的那一年。2 .why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示原因的reason 一词。We don、k

8、now the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟 到。3 .where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就读的学校。4定语从句解题技巧Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popularamongtheyoung people.主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program从句: which is popular a

9、mong the young people先行词：TV program关系代词：which因此，如果确定是考查定语从句，我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如： whato在此过程中要掌握“三看”原那么。（1） 一看指人还是物先行词指人：thcit,who, whose, whom先行词指物：that, which, whose（2）二看句中作何用主语 who（ A）, which （物），that （人/物）宾语 who/whom（人）,which （物）z that （人/物）定语whose （人/物）状语 where（地点），when （时间），why （原因）如： My bro

10、ther likes the stories were wri甘en by Mark Twain becausethey are often humorous.先行词（the stories）指物，关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词 which/that。如：He is the boy I talked with just now.先行词（the boy）指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填。如：Whats the name of the girl father is a doctor ? 先行词（the girl）指人，关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词w

11、hose。如：I still remember the day our new school was built. 从句中不缺成分,先行词（thdoy）指时间，关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when。（3）看是否是特殊情况：关系词只能用that的几种情况领先行词是。11,little,much,none,verything,onything,nothing 等不定代词时。如: Tom told his motherall that had happened.汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。领先行词前面有the only, thvry, the lost等修饰时。如：This is the o

12、nly book that I can find.这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：The tallest playerthat plays football forourteam is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢 足球的那个最高的运发动来自上海。领先行词既有人又有物时。如：Lets talk about the people and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。关系词只能用which的几种情况：关系代词放在介词之后。如：This is the factory in whic

13、h we once worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。非限制性定语从句中。如：This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun.这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。thcih thos作主语时。如：Those which are on the desk are English books.桌子上的那些是英语书。用who而不用that的情况：领先行词为people和those时,只能用who。如:Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。领先行词为one,ones,。nyon

14、6,evryon,none,clll（指人）时，只能用who。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用WhOo如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in afewdays. 昨天 来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。真题演练1. 一What shall we do next?Taketheadvice is given by Dr. Bloch.A. who B. which C. whose【答案

15、】B【解析】先行词advice,指物体，关系代词应用which.2. Mr. Smith is smoking is looking for he lost yesterday.A.whom;which B. who; whatC.that;who D. which; where【答案】B【解析】先行词Mr. Smith指人，关系代词应用who;在寻找他昨天丧失的物体，从选项 来看，关系代词应用what.3.1. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end o

16、f an era （时代）.A. who B. whom C. which D. /【答案】A【解析】从句子结构来看先行词Steve Jobs,指人，且作主语。关系代词应用who.1.1. Do you know the girl is talking to the headmaster over there?Of course. She is my sister.A. who B. whom C. which D. what【答案】A【解析】选Ao考查考查定语从句。先行词是the girl ,指人，在定语从句中作主语，因 此用关系代词whOoFoshan is a city has a ve

17、ry long history.A whose B. which C. who【答案】B【解析】先行词是Foshan,是地方，引导词用which.5. The Palace Museum is the best place Ive ever visited.A. who B. when C. that【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句。先行词是The Palace Museum ,指物，且在定语从句中 做visited的宾语，因此选Co7- Do you know the girl is helping the old woman.-Oh, that s my sister,A. whom

18、B. whose C. who D. where【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句。先行词是the girl ,指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用 关系代词whOo8. Do you know the lady is talking with Mr. Smith?一Yes, shes our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.A. who B. which C. whom【答案】A【解析】选Ao先行词是the lady,指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词 who。9.1 was looking for the pen I bought yesterday

19、 when you called me.A. who B. where C. which D. what【答案】C【解析】选Co考查定语从句引导词。前置语为the pn名词，用which代替。whot不 能作定语从句的引导词。10. Please pass me the cartoon book has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whom B. whose C. who D. which【答案】D【解析】选Do考查定语从句引导词。前置语为the carton book,名词，用which代替。 11.1 like the friends to do the

20、same things as me so that we can communicatebetter with each other.A. who likes B. what like C. who like【答案】C【解析】选Co先行词是the friends,指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词 who,由于friends是复数，谓语动词用原形。12. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week.A. who B. when C. what D. which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句

21、的现行词the pork是“物，在定语从句中 充当的是visited的宾语，因此用关系代词which或thcit引导来引导，应选D.13. Most students like the teachers understand them wellA. who B. when C. what D. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词th怕ochers是“人”，在定语从 句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，应选A.14. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teachergave h

22、er love to herstudents in danger.A. who B. that C. whom D. which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词the most beautiful teacher是 “人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，同时先行 词受到形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that来引导，应选B.15. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A. whose

23、B. when C. who D. that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词dictionciry是“物”，在定语从句 中充当的是宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，应选D.I 6. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothesmake me feel comfortable.MA. that B. what C. who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词clothes是“物”，所以，定语 从句的引导词用which或thcit引导

24、。根据句意：你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好，我喜欢让 我穿着舒服的衣服。应选A.1 7.What are you looking for?I m looking for the ring my husband bought me last year.A. that B. who C. whom D. it【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the ring”表示“物”，故定语从句的 引导词用that或which,应选AoRobert is just one young overseas Chinese has come to visit hisancestor s homel

25、and.A. who B. where C. when D. which【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句修饰的先行词“one young overseas Chinese” 表示的是“一个年轻的海外华人”，所以定语从句的引导词用that或who,应选A.19. What are you looking for?一 I m looking for the pen my father gave me last week.A. who B. which C. whose D. whom【答案】B【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the pen”表示“物 故引导词用 t

26、hat 或 which,应选 B。20. What kind of movies do you like?一I like the move are about Chinese history.A. who B. whom C. whose D which【答案】D【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the move”表示“物L故引导词用 that 或 which,应选 DoPeople often like clothes can make them look young.A. when B. who C. that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的先行词clot

27、hes是“物、所以，定语从句的 引导词用which或that引导，应选Colean never forget the stories my grandma told me.A. what B. who C. them D. that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 the stores是“物”，所以, 定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，应选D。21. The little boy was wrapping the present would be sent to histeacher.A. who B. / C. what D. that【答案】D【解

28、析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the present是“物 在定 语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，应选Do22. There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?The one hat is yellow.A. who B. whose C. that D. which【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是the one/girl ,在定语从 句中充当hot的定语，所以，定语从句的引导词用whose引导，应选B.23. This is t

29、he primary school I studied three years ago.A. where B. when C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the primary school, 语从句中充当的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导，应选A.24. Its interesting that there are many people speak French inCanada.A. which B. where C. who【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词many people是“人

30、”，在 定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用who或that引导，应选C.27.1. Please pass me the cartoon book has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whom B. whose C. who D. which【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thcartoon book是“物”, 在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，应选D.28. I want to find a partner to practice roller skating.Myfriend

31、Fred is a person may help you a lot.A. which B. so C. who D. and【答案】c【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词Q person是“人”，在定语 从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用who或that引导，应选C.29.1. 一Now many people smoke and get ill.一So we should do something can help stop smoking.A. what B. who C. / D. that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词som

32、ething是不定代词， 只能用关系代词that引导，应选Dstill remember the time we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.A. when B. what C. who D. which【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thetim是物L在定语从 句中充当宾语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，应选D.31. One of the most delicious drinks I like is orange juice.A. which B. that C. whose D

33、. whom【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是drinks,受到形容词的最 高级修饰，只能用that引导，应选B.32. Success will belong to those never say impossible.A. whom B. what C. who D. which【答案】c【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thos表示的是“人、在定 语从句中充当的是主语，所以用引导词who引导，应选C.33. 一Do you enjoy My heart will go on?一No, I prefer songs loud.A. that is B. which is C.that are D. what are【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词songs表示的是“物、所 以用引导词which或thot引导，同时表示的是名词复数，系动词应用ore,应选C.