大一轮复习学案语法部分专题二第四讲形容词副词和比较等级Word版含答案(1).docx

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1、第四讲形容词、副词和比较等级A组单句语法填空1. （2020全国卷ni）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait（画像）done so he called all great artists to come and present their（finc）work, so that he could choose the best.解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。答案：finest2. （2020全国卷 I ）The far side of the moon is of particular int

2、erest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so the familiar near side.解析： 考查连词。本句中含有more,空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。答案：than3. （20204折江卷 1 月）Thc first is declining birth rates, which means old generations arc large compared to younger generations and so on average, the population beco

3、mes（old）than before.解析：考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的Ihan before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填。Ider。答案：older4. （2018全国卷HI）He screams the（loud）of al I.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.解析：knidesi考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的all可知要用最高级。答案：loudest5. （2018浙江卷 6 月）There could be an even（high）

4、cost on your health.解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”， 故需要用high的比较级higher。答案：higherB组单句改错1. （2020全国卷 I ）Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.解析： 形容词和副词混用。此处修饰名词dish,故用形容词simple。答案：simply-simple2. （2020全国卷 II ）Im surely youll have a good time.骑自行车是很好的运动；而且还不污染空气。（单句语法填空/单句改错）1. （2021 东北三校高

5、三第一次联合模拟）Compared with other male poets in China, who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems, she has only eighty- seven., her artistic creativity in her existing works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle.解析：考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作有几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她 只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后

6、形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填However。答案： However2. （2021湖北武昌区高三调研）In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals.However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.解析： 上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分 开，所以应用therefore。答案：However-* Therefore解析： 形容词和副词混用。根据句中的“rm”可知，

7、此处应用形容词。答案：surelysure3. （2019全国卷 I 短文改错）1 stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.解析：此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”，应用hard（a而.用力地）。hardly意为“几乎不”。答案： hardly-* hard4. （2019全国卷 II 短文改错）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.解析： 本

8、句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰，表示程度，more 在本句中多余。答案：去掉more5. （2018全国卷II【）I had done my homework, but I was shy.I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.解析：词法错误。由语境可知，前后没有比较的意味，故用原级。答案： larger large如何确定形容词、副词1 .看到作定语、表语、或补足语，用形容词。2 .看到修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，川副词。He was more than just a

9、n English teacher, because he also taught me useful lessons in lifc.（uscful 作定语）（2（） 18河南洛阳第二次统考）Obvious】y, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.（Obviously作状语，修饰整个句子）名即学即练1. （2020陕西省重点中学 4 月模拟）（interesting）enough, the United Nations even has a cartoon character to represent

10、 this day.解析： 考查副词。有趣的是，联合国甚至有一个卡通人物来代表这一天。此处作状语 修饰整个句子，应该用副词形式。答案：Interestingly2. （2021合肥市高三第一次质量检测）The painting is made up of 10 sub-themes and was created(large)using marker pens.解析： 考查词性转换。修饰空后的动词using,箫要用副词，所以填largely。答案：largely3. (2021烟台、黄泽市高三水平诊断)To protect the pandas, in 2012, Eanhwatch Inst

11、itute, a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important(science)research launched a program called “ On the Trail of Giant Panda解析： 考查词性转换。应用形容词修饰名词research。scieniific意为“科学的。故 填 scientifico答案：scientific4. (2021昆明市高三测试)The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to hel

12、p people solve the problems(gradual).解析： 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve,应用副词形式，在 句子中作状语，所以填gradually。答案：gradually5. (2021 青岛质量检测)The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours sleep a night to stay(health).解析： 考查形容词。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。st

13、ay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。答案：healthy6. (2021 安徽六校第二次联考)The organization helps to organize events across America to make children feel(delight).解析：考查形容词。句意：此组织帮助在全美组织活动，让孩子们感受到快乐。设空 处前的feel为连系动词，其后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，故填delighted。答案：delighted形容词、副词构词法形容词变副词的后缀一般在形容词的词尾加心将其变成副词。如 quick-quickly

14、, slow-slowly, loud-loudly, sudden-suddenly 等。(2)一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把-y改为-i,再加-ly。如happy-happily, angry-angrily, lucky-luckily, heavy -heavily, noisy-noisily 等。（3）有此以-ble 或-le 结尾的形容词，去掉-e 再加-y。如 possible-possibly, terrible-terribly 等。(4)少数以结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如truetruly等。但绝大多数以-e结尾 的形容词仍然直接加-ly。如politepo

15、litely, widewidely等。以-1结尾的形容词要在词尾加-ly,以-11结尾的形容词要在词尾加斗如usual-usually, carefulcarefully, useful usefully, full -fully 等。注意事项1 .以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sunsunny, fun funny等。2 .少数以不发音的-e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉-e,再加-y。如：noise-noisy,iceicy 等。名即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错)1. （2021 烟台市高考诊断性测试）So if you

16、 are passionate about something, slick to it and through hard work, you（true）can make your dream come （rue.解析：考查词性转换。此处用副词修饰谓语动词。答案：truly2. . （2020-合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测）Unfortunately , coral species arc being 66.（severe）threatened. many of which have been destroyed by pollution, overfishing practices and

17、other impacts over the past centuries.解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰过去分词threatened,应用副词形式， 所以填severely。答案： severely3. （2019全国卷HI短文改错）What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. 解析： 此处用形容词ordinary修饰名词cafe。答案：ordinarily-* ordinary4. （2018全国卷 I ）My grandpa said last summer they earned qui

18、te a lol by selling the fish.I felt happily that their life had improved.解析：本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故happily改 为 happy ,答案： happily-* happy5. (2018全国卷IH)Al that moment, I remeinbered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and

19、mistakes as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.解析： 修饰后面的动作raised my hand,应用副词。答案：Immediate-* Immediately6. (2017全国卷 II )They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.解析： 考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，仅表示主语习惯性的行为，故用原级。答案： earlier-yearly易混淆的形容词、副词1. before ago(l)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。(2)bcforc：常用于过去

20、完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。2. late, later(I )late M.迟到的；o面.迟，晚(2)later(也是late的比较级)时.后来的,以后的；a血后来,以后3. however, therefore4. )however：副词，表示转折。5. )therefore：副词，表示因果关系。4 .常见的易用错的形容词和副词(1)以-ly 结尾的形容词。如:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。(2)意义有别的同根副词。如:close靠近(通常指距离)closely密切地，仔细地hard努力地，费力地hard

21、ly几乎不most最，(程度上)最大,非常mostly一般地，主要地表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以心结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的 表示具体意义。如：wide宽地，widely广泛地，如:be widely known被广泛了解high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高deep深地,deeply深深地,如：be deeply moved被深深感动5 . -ed型形容词和-ing型形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”（-ing）,还是“感 到”（-ed）；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征（-ing）还是感受（-ed）。1. （2021

22、 沈阳监测）Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later, I still couldnt bear to keep my eyes（wide）open.解析： 考查副词。空处修饰形容词。pen,故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性， 意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。答案：wide2. （2021 山西孝义实验中学二模）As the last name became（wide）accepted

23、, the first letter was capitalized.解析：句意为：随着姓氏被广泛接受，其首字母被大写。设空处作accepted的状语， 故填副词widely。wide也可作副词，表示“充分张开”，因此此处不能填wide。答案：widely3. When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.解析：句意为：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多 年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了 late与later,前者为形容词“迟

24、到，迟做”或副词“迟， 晚”，后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间+later”表示这段时间之后。答案：late-* later4. （2021山东、湖北部分重点中学联考）Several days before, we held an activity in the schoolyard to learn and appreciate the history and art of Peking Opera facial masks.解析：考查副词。ago表示“从事情发生到现在过去了多久”，需和过去时连用。before 指“从事情发生到过去某个时间是多久”，常和完成时连用。由下文对活动的介绍可知，活

25、动是几天前举办的，故此处填ago。5. （2017全国卷 I ）A few minutes late， the instructor asked me to stop （he car.解析： 考查副词。late意为“迟，晚”。“一段时间+later”表示“一段时间之后”， 故把late改为later答案：late-* later6. （2021山西八校第一次联考）Meanwhile, during every holiday, there arc so much tourists in almost every scenic spot that it is difficult to admir

26、e the beautiful scenery and enjoy myself.解析：考查形容词。此处修饰可数名词复数tourists,故应用many。much用来修饰不可数名词。答案：much-* many7. （2017全国卷I【I）I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.解析：考查形容词的最高级。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故把late 改为 latest o答案： la（e-* latest8.

27、 Children is a time when there are little duties.If a child has good parents he is fed, looked after, and loved no matter what he may do.It is impossible for him to be given such much again in his later life.解析： 考查形容词和副词。（l）fcw, a few, many用来修饰可数名词，而little, a little, much修饰不可数名词，duty是可数名词，故把little改为

28、few； （2）so much/many.为固定句 型。答案： little-*few； such-*so形容词、副词的比较级、最高级1. “lhe+比较级.，the+比较级.，表示“越越”It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.人们相信，工作越努 力，得到的结果将越好。2. “the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表示“两个中较的”Which is the better ofthe two universities Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fud

29、an University?上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个?3. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。4. “the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围”表示在某个范围内“最”。She is the most active studentin our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。5. 可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, stilb even, rather, a l

30、ittle* a bit* alol, agrealdeal及数字、倍数等，常放在比较级的前面。The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。1. (2020合肥市高三第一次质量检测)In fact, Guo Feng is(familiar)to the public as a music producer than as a painter解析： 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级符号than并结合语境可知，空处 含有比较的含义，应用形容词的比较级，familiar为多音节词，比较级为more famili

31、ar,所 以填 more familiar。答案： more familiar2. (2021 安徽安庆二模)Nowadays, not only docs China have the(fast)growing modem cities in the world, but (he landscapes are also truly diverse.解析：考查副词的最高级。句意：现在，中国不但有世界上发展最快的现代化的城市， 而且风景也多种多样。设空处前有定冠词the,且在句中修饰growing,根据比较范围in the world可知,此处应用最高级形式，故填fastest。答案：faste

32、st3. (2021 山西五地市高三联考)While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or(cold), the people living in these locations are certain of the need to protect (heir communities.解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：尽管佛罗里达有些政府官员怀疑气候会变得更热 或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社区。根据并列连词or及之前的holter 可知，此处表示比较意义

33、，应用形容词的比较级。故填colder。4. (2021 唐山第一次调研)Als adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the(kind)men I have ever known.解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而，AI已成年的儿子Emie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据“I have ever known”可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。答案：kindest5. (2021 广东七校联合体第二次联考)1 was scanning the restaurant waiting to sit at the first table that was(conv

34、enient)than others.解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的ihan可知，空处用形容词的比较级。答案： more convenient6. (2021昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more watera low-cost sugar- free drinkwe can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feci(grcat)throughout the day and do better in school.解析： 考查

35、形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处 对应，应用形容词的比较级。答案： greater连接副词的用法连接副词逻辑语意意义though表转折虽然，然而yet表转折然而，可是however表转折，其后常用逗号然而，但是instead表转折或相反相反，代替otherwise表转折否则besides表递进另外，而且moreover表递进再说，而且still表递进仍然，依然therefore表结果因此thus表结果因此anyway表让步无论如何Bicycling is good exercise； besides, it does not pollute the air.