北京市2023届高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题word含解析.docx

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1、2022-2023学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂John Oens was an enthusiastic hunter and enjoyed being in the woods. Once into the Wisconsin wilderness in November, his

2、team encountered something unbelievable when he checked the 1.Instead of a coyote, he saw a huge timber wolf, which is on the endangered species list, trying to get free. John realized he couldnt 2 this wolf, since the animal might die of exposure. However, he had to put his 3 on the line to free th

3、e creature. His heart was pounding while he prepared.His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood（夹板）.4、theycould figure it out without the gun.A little time had passed since they found the wolf, but it seemed like an eternity（永，恒）to John. When his dad returned, John put th

4、e plan in motion. He 5 the plywood, using it as his shield（盾牌）.While all that happened, his friend filmed everything. His dad was also available to fire the gun if the wolf decided to attack. They were prepared but 6!John 7 closer and closer all the while. His dad was a reassuring sight for him. Joh

5、n looked at his friend for moral support, 8 that now was when the action started.Finally, John freed the wolfs paw from the trap. It took one moment fbr it to spin and fly away. The three men were happy because the wolf was free, and John was still safe.When they viewed the video to see it all 9 lat

6、er, they noticed the wolf look at John for a brief moment before running back to the woods. Was it his way of showing appreciation?Anyhow, John made the best 10!1. A. trapsB. plansC. routesD. numbers2. A. freeB. helpC. missD.abandon3. A. handsB. lifeC. mindD. hope4. A. HopefullyB. ExcitedlyC. Finall

7、yD. Causally5. A. took overB. set downC. picked upD. gaveaway6. A. determinedB. interestedC. scaredD.processes and also behavioural processes. In everyday life, its not necessarily easy to ascertain whether the person were talking to is really listening, however. They might be making plenty of eye c

8、ontact, fbr example, but ifs always possible that they9re just pretending to be listening well. In this research, the team focused on only the participants5 perceptions of others5 listening skills.In an earlier study, 147 first-year business students, who met weekly in groups of six to work on leade

9、rship skills, rated the listening skills of everyone else in their group. The participants then completed a scale that assessed their own extraversion. The team found that those with higher selfreported extraversion got poorer marks for listening.However, in this study, peoples perceptions could hav

10、e been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion sp

11、ectrum （范围）.Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations. As the team writes: That is, despite the tendency fbr people to see extraverts as highly sociable, they tend to see this sociability as

12、 highly one-sided.”An online study of 337 US-based adults suggested why this might be. Fictional people who were described as highly extraverted were also perceived to be better at controlling and modifying how they come across to others. To observers, this signal of malleable self-presentation sugg

13、ests that extraverts are more interested in looking the part than attending to what others have to say,“ the team writes.It would be really interesting, though, to see work on the real-world implications of this particular belief. For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful s

14、ales/9 the team notes-so perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour with clients.A vast amount of research has been done on extraversion itself. Our findings contribute to the study of extraversion by examining how people think about extraversion/9

15、the researchers write. And for understanding conversations and relationships, which of course are two-way, thafs clearly important, too.27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Some reasons for poor listening ability. B. The participants perception of listening. C. A common understanding of good lis

16、tening. D. Some practical skills in improving listening.28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Being extraverted might be an unpleasant personality.B. Some people are afraid to assess their group members.C. Fictional people decrease the reliability of the research.D. Actual social relationship de

17、termines the scores of rating.29. What does the underlined word “malleable“ in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Smart.B. Flexible.C. Consistent.D. Stable.30. What message does the author probably convey to extroverted people?A. It is wise to listen more when communicating.B. Focusing on peoples eyes mak

18、es a good speaker.C. Rating oneself honestly helps one in social situations.D. It is necessary to change ones selfpresentation style.【答案】27.C28. A 29. B 30. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现越外向的人越不善于倾听。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，结合There is no academic agreement on what constitutes 66good, listening. But, in li

19、ne with some other researchers, the team conceptualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes.（对于什 么是“好的”倾听，学术界还没有达成一致。但是，与其他一些研究人员一致，该团队将 其概念化，包括与情绪相关的过程、认知过程和行为过程）”可知，本段主要介绍善于倾听 的共同理解。应选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “The team found that those with hig

20、her self-reported extraversion got poorer marks forlistening .（研究小组发现，那些自我报告外向性较高的人在倾听方面得分较 低）”和第四段 uHowever, in this study, peoples perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh

21、 groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum（范围）.Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in s

22、ocial situations （然而，在这项研究中，人们的看法可能 会受到他们与团队其他成员的实际社会关系的影响。因此，在随后的几乎所有研究中，新 加入的一组参与者都对虚构人物的听力能力进行了评分，这些虚构人物被描述为内向型和 外向型的不同类型。这些研究的结果支持了之前的发现。一次又一次地，外向的人被认为 是社交场合中糟糕的倾听者）”可推断，外向可能是一种不讨人喜欢的性格。应选A。【29题详解】词句猜想题。根据划线词后半句 u extra verts are more interested in looking the part9 than attending to what others

23、 have to say,H the team writes.（外向者更感兴趣的是看起来像个参与 者，而不是关注别人说什么）”可知，外向者具有易改变的自我表现。所以malleable为“易改变的，灵活的”之意，应选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍越外向的人越不善于倾听，并结合倒数第二段 的 “For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales J the team notes一 so perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverte

24、d sales people to try to modify their behaviour withclients.（“例如，倾听已被确定为成功销售的关键，”该团队指出,因此，高度外向的 销售人员尝试改变他们与客户的行为可能是明智的）”推断，作者可能向外向的人传达了交 流时多听是明智的信息。应选A。DOutdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thafs according to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biologica

25、l Conservation, entitled Light Pollution Is a Driver of Insect Declines”.The article notes that sudden drops in insect numbers around the world have happened over the past couple of decades in what amounts to an insect destruction. The blame is usually assigned to habitat loss, chemical pollution, i

26、nvasive species, and climate change”. But the authors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due.A longtime preference among ecologists for studying daytime phenomena, and a preference for sleeping at night has led insect conservationists to overlook another widespread habitat dist

27、urbance, pollutant, and method of insect control: artificial light at night（ALAN）.ALANs influence occurs through its interference with the development, movement, foraging, and reproductive success of diverse insect species. Another factor is lights positive effect on insectivore predation. That is,

28、birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids arent stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.Sadly, ALAN increases sharply after Thanksgiving, as many people add festive illumination（照明）to the exterior of their houses to celebrate the approach of Chri

29、stmas. Many neighborhoods have a particular house that embraces the spirit of the season in such an outsized way as to produce a radiant haze perhaps visible to hunters in other star systems.The task then must be to lessen the ecological consequences of ALAN on insects while still maintaining suffic

30、ient levels of nighttime illumination for human safety and enjoyment.Monochromatic LEDs can be engineered to produce light of any desired spectral composition,the investigators write. Therefore, once we know the specific wavelength affinities of insects, we can in theory design lights with minimal o

31、utput in the wavelengths that most affect insect fitness.Turning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass filter（滤波器）that makes its emissions

32、visible to humans alone. Help end the war on insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.31. We can know from Paragraph 2 that.A. lights are to blame for insect decreaselightness hasnt got the attention it deservesB. lightness hasnt caused environmental problemsthe dying ou

33、t of insects is too slow to be noticed32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most insects enjoy the lights at night.B. Birds and bats cannot hunt without light.C. Lights in the night make insects easily caught.D. Lights in the night has positive effect on insects.33. What solution is proposed in

34、the passage?A. To make lights only visible to human.B. To use candles instead of light bulbs at night.C. To reduce light resource by turning off some lights.D. To change the light bulbs into ones with special light.34. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The importance of light to insect

35、sThe main causes of insects decreaseB. To light, or to candle, that is the questionToo much illumination is killing vital insects【答案】3LB32. C 33. C 34. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “ But the authors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due.（但作者认为，光亮度

36、的影响力没有得到应有的重视。）”可知，光亮度没有 得到应有的重视。应选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段 “That is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids arent stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.（也就是说, 鸟 类、蝙蝠、两栖动物和蛛形纲动物并不愚蠢一一如果很多昆虫在夜间开始在灯光周围打 转，捕食者也会出现。）”可推断，夜间的灯光使昆虫很容易被捕捉。应选C。【33题详解】

37、细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 uTurning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass filter（滤波器）that makes its emissions visible to humans alone. Help end the war

38、 on insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.（关掉一些灯可能也会有帮助。在许多情况下，屏蔽、调暗或关闭光源要比寻找特定 类型的灯泡或窄带通滤波器更容易、更快、更廉价，从而使其辐射只对人类可见。帮助结 束对昆虫的战争。与其诅咒地球，不如吹灭一根蜡烛。）”可知，通过关闭一些灯来减少光 源，从而保护昆虫。应选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 uOutdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thats acco

39、rding to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation, entitled “Light Pollution Is a Driver of Insect Declines”.（户夕卜照明通常对昆虫构 成致命威胁。这是根据2019年11月在生物保护杂志在线发表的一项题为“光污染是 昆虫数量下降的驱动因素”的研究得出的结论。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了过多的光 照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。所以“Too much illumination is killing vital in

40、sects （过多的光照 会杀死重要的昆虫）”作为文章标题最为合适。应选D。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Does Your Handwriting Say About You?Why do some people have better handwriting than others? Does it reflect your personality? Graphologists（笔t己学者）believe your handwriting speaks volu

41、mes about your personality.A study by graphologists says: Graphology is a discipline used in the determination, study, and interpretation of a persons personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text. 35 It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, h

42、ow afraid the person is, etc.”Some graphologists believe that a right slant（倾斜）in your writing could mean you are outgoing and open to new things, but a left slant could mean the opposite-that you like to be alone. Writing with no slant can mean that youre logical, practical person, not outwardly em

43、otional.Large letters may suggest a big personality and that you seek attention, while small letters mean the opposite. 36People who write with big loops（H） when joining the letter L to another letter are thought to be relaxed and spontaneous, whereas a loopless L means the opposite, youre seen as t

44、ense.37Space between letters can also determine characteristics. Spaced out letters suggest that you dont like to be crowded and like your space. Close letters can mean you get lonely easily and enjoy being around people most of the time-you might also fail to give others enough space.38 With comput

45、ers and iPhones, many type everything. Handwriting is often used recreationally for things, such as personal notes, song writing, and journaling.There is no problem in taking pride in your handwriting, whether its good or not.39 If youre the only one who is going to read your notes, its understandab

46、le to write however carelessly you want, as long as you can read them. If youre writing for others, you might want to make sure everything is neat and easy to read.If you hate your handwriting, dont worry, you can always change it.A. Good and bad can be interpreted differently, of course.B. Medium s

47、ized letters might mean youre perhaps well adjusted.C. As long as your writing satisfies its purpose, you,re in business.D. Some people have handwriting so beautiful that its almost like art.E. The same is said fbr the eye of the letter e-the bigger the loop, the more open you are.F. According to gr

48、aphology, handwriting is nothing but an expression of the subconscious mind. G. Although handwriting is a basic action fbr most, this generation probably doesnt get as much practice as previous ones.【答案】35. F 36. B 37. E 38. G 39. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍笔迹能反映一个人的性格。【35题详解】根据前句 u Graphology is a discipline used in the determination, study, and interpretation of a persons personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text.（笔迹学是门利 用手写文本中的空格、曲线和笔触来确定、研究和解释一个人的性格的学科。）”和后句“It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.（它表达了各种