北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、北京市朝阳区20222023学年度高一第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷（考试时间100分钟满分100分）第一部分知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。Steph Clemence had good grades and always intended to go to college. But her poor family couldnt I it. Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what

2、to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf. Inside a box she 2 two pages titled Mrs, Clarks Book List from the English teacher in her high school, Dorothy Clark. Shed spent months creating a list of 153 books,“ says St

3、eph. She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn. She was 3 about that.”Sleph was 4 and determined to improve herself. So it began in 1970. Starting at the top, she read every book in the order they appeared. People around her didnt find much 5 in her journey, as some

4、 of the books were hard going. But she fell 6. Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to 7 them sometime in 2023. I dont race through a book, as I want to ful

5、ly 8 it. Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world,“ she says. Tm no expert, but I am working tor my own 9. I now have the background to see how the world works.In Stephs eye, Mrs. Clark felt it was her particular 10 to offer young students a road map in achanging wor

6、ld. Thanks to a book list, at least one young woman who couldnt pay fbr college was the better fbr it.1.A. avoidB. affordC.changeD. refuse2. A. collectedB. packedC. selectedD. noticed3. A. wrongB. upsetC. rightD.angry4. A. surprisedB. hopefulC. calmD. nervous5 A. valueB. timeC. supportD. trouble6. A

7、. exactlyB. badlyC. differentlyD. similarly7. A. copyB. forgetC.checkD. finish8. A. describeB. enjoyC. shareD. protect9. A. safetyB. convenienceC. protectionD. improvement10. A. dutyB. pressureC. situationD. requirement【答案】l.B2.D3.C4. B 5. A6.C7.D8. B9. D 10. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了斯蒂芬克莱门斯受到家境的影响无

8、法继续读书学习，但是 老师多萝西克拉克列的书目让她燃起了继续读书学习的热情。the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer.Using just this type of ink, （he team measured skin hydration （含水量）and the electrical activity of heart and skeletal m

9、uscles. Because the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin, wearers could walk around without jarring it and thus reducing data quality. The ink didnt take in sweat and was easily removed with a wet paper towel and soap.For more advanced equipment, Ershads team used two additional inks: one served as a

10、semiconductor, and the other acted as an object to prevent electricity. Drawing different layers （层）with each ink, the researchers made temperature and strain （应变）sensors on a sheet of skin-like object, “The authors already presented many very attractive applications,v says Zheng Yan, a biomedical e

11、ngineer at the University ofMissouri. Yan and his colleagues have developed similar technology using pencils and paper, but their method is limited to passive conductors that cannot introduce energy into a circuit. Ershad says that he hopes to create high-tech sensors to discover health indicators r

12、anging from elements in sweat to the brains electrical activity.The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits. After that achievement they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own heal

13、th at home.38. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. How a safe ink is developed.B. How data is sent to a computer.C. How the drawn-on-skin system works.D. How （he circuit diagram is drawn with ink.39. What docs the underlined word jarring” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Hiding.B. Carrying.C. Cli

14、cking.D. Shaking.40. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Hospitals will increase the cost of testing health indicators.B. Researchers aim to make advanced wireless ink-based sensors.C. A safe sensor will be applied to make human skin more sensitive.D. Yans team has developed a technology to lea

15、d energy into a circuit.41. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. A childs art project has helped doctors check health indicators.B. A wireless sensor made of conductive ink sends data to a computer.C. An electronics system checks skin hydration and the electrical activity.D. A pen-and-ink met

16、hod could produce cheap wearable health equipment.【答案】38. C 39. D 40. B 41. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直 接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“A team led by biomedical engineer Fahccm Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that i

17、s safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit （电路）diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a sta

18、ndard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer.（由休斯顿大学生物医学工程师 Faheem Erhad领导的团队首次开发出一种可安全地用于人体皮肤的导电墨水。研究人员将墨水装入圆珠笔中，然 后将一个由胶带和胶片制成的模板放在志愿者身上，然后在上面画出简单的电路图。五分钟内，墨水就 干了，就能制造出个可工作的传感器。然后，研究人员将一根标准电线绑在起，以提供电力并将数 据发送到计算机。）”可知，本段主要介绍皮肤绘制系统的原理。故选C。39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句 Because （he sensor

19、 stuck perfectly to （he skin,（由于传感器完美地附着在 皮肤上，）”可知，由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，佩戴者可以在走动时不碰撞到它。所以jarring为“碰撞；震动”之意，与动词shake意思相近。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段 “The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits.（研究人员计划通过结合更先进的墨水电路，最终使他们的传感器成为真 正的无线。）”可推断，研究人

20、员的目标是制造先进的无线墨水传感瑞。故选B。41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 u A handful of stencils （模板）and three pens sound like materials fbr a childs art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.（少 量模板绘制图案和三只笔，这些听起来像是儿童美工的材料。但是研究人员现已利用这些工具直接在人 类皮肤上绘制功能性健康监测器。）”和最后一

21、段“After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.（他们说，在取得这一成就之 后，人们可以使用负担得起的模板和笔在家里仔细观察自己的健康状况。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍 一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在 皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。所以“ A pen-and-ink method could produce c

22、heap wearable heahh equipment.（一种笔墨法可以生产出廉价的可穿戴健康设备。）概括文章大意最为合适。故选D。DWould you turn down the chance to become a smart cookie? Weve been longing fbr quick fixes that could increase our intelligence （智 力）.Today, peoples hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital piH The more you play, the s

23、marter you will get-or so some apps tell us. But is this digital-shortcut all that it seems to be?The use of games fbr serious purposes has become widespread with the development of the Internet and smartphones. Brain training apps arc typical, frequently featured by Apple and Googles app stores. Ma

24、ny of such apps say that they are backed by science”. Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning.Several major studies, sur

25、veying users across a wide variety of apps, have found that they have little to no effect on users performance. A 2021 study by researchers discovered brain training has no significant effect on cognitive （认知的）functioning in the “real world*. The positive effects reported arc limited to the very spe

26、cific mini-games and tasks, such as memorizing lists of words or numbers, or performing mental calculation （心算）.So, if your job or your calling in life needs summing quickly or remembering all your fricnds, phone numbers, these apps will do. But if you are expecting them to improve your ability to w

27、rite a novel or form a complex （兔杂的） spreadsheet, you have to look elsewhere. Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun.As a co-creator of one of the most popular

28、 forms of gamification （游戏化）noted, what is especially disappointing about these apps is that they just arent that fun-at least, not compared with （he various ihoughtful board games and video games coming out every day. Puzzle video games, such as Baba Is You and detective games like Return of the Ob

29、ra Dinn, see players apply （heir skill a（ reasoning, memory and concentration in a far more challenging and engaging （吸引人的）way.If you arent into games, simply go for a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind. These activities

30、 might not lead to an increased IQ, but they are sure to engage your brain deeply while having funsomething I can by no means say of brain training apps.42. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?A. Brain training apps are backed by science.B. Creativity can be improved with bra

31、in training apps.C. Gamification has lillle to do with increasing intelligence.D. Increasing IQ is as simple as practising a few mini-games every day.43. According to the passage, brain training apps are still popular because.A. they turn mental exercises into quick gamesthey are considered both sci

32、entific and interestingB. they are more effective in shaping our minds than other gamesD. they have significant effects on the cognitive functioning in the “real world” 44. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. A Smart Cookie or Not?B. Theres No App for ThatC. What will Games Lead Us to?D

33、. A Digital Pill for Intelligence【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认 为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。42题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 “Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games ev

34、ery day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning.（即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天 练习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。）”可知，作者认为称 每天练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。 故选C项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training 叩ps play a leadin

35、g role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun.（然而， 尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的， 部分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。）”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B 项。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句Weve been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence （智 fj）

36、. Today, peoples hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy “digital pill”.（我们一直渴望快速解决问题，以 提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。）” 可推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句Bulisthis digital-shortcut all that it seems to be?（但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？）”可知，作者对这些“数 字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑；而最后一段一二句 If you arentinlo

37、 games, simply go for a walk orlearn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind.（如果你不 喜欢游戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。）”指出作 者最终得出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中

38、有两项为多余选项。Learn to Be AccountableHow docs it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships.What does being accountable mean?It can be easy to blame （责怪）others or make exc

39、uses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you arc responsible for what you say and do. 45 You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility （o get （here on time. However, being accountable doesnt mean taking the

40、blame for things you cant change. Yoirrc only accountable for things that you can control.46According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. 47 For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to li

41、e about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasnt in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.How can you be accountable?48 One way of doing t

42、his is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you cant. We cant always control what happens to us. 49 We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things

43、 go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens.A. Whai makes you accountable?B. How is being accountable good for you?C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it.D. Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.E. Taking responsibility can als

44、o make others trust you more.F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more.【答案】45. F 46. B 47. E 48. D 49. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎 么才能做一个负责的人。【45题详解】上文 “It can be easy to blame （责怪）others or ma

45、ke excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do.（责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责 任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。）”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言 行负货。卜 文 “ You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your respo

46、nsibility to get there on time.（你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接 受准时到达是你的责任。）”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做 的。选项 F u Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.（想象一下,安排与朋友见面,然后 迟到。）”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F 项。【46题详解】下文 u According to research, understanding you have

47、control over your own actions makes you feci more positive and hopeful about the future.（根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充 满希望。）” 以及 u Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.（负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助你更加 信任自己

48、。）”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助 于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B aHow is being accountable good for you?（做一个负责 的人对你有什么好处？）”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。47题详解】下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasnt in as much trouble as I thought.（但在我告诉她真相后,我并没有 像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。）”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作 者的好处。选项E uTaking responsibility can also make others trust you more.（承担责任也能让别人更加信 任你。）指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E 项。【48题详解】上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?（如何成为负责的人？）”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建 议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way ofdoingihis is by drawing a circle of control to help you work th