Unit4Friendsforever3SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing学案.docx

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1、SectionlHUsinglanguage&Writing定语从句（1）定义1 .在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词 或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2 .关系词分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）两类。关系代词的用法1. who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。（作主语） Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹

2、尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。（作宾语）2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Roseistheperson（who/whom） youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。（作宾语）3. whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。（whose引导定语从句作定语） Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfaces

3、north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。（修饰物）4. which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。（作主语） Theradio（which） heboughtyesterdaydoesn work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。（作宾语）Thisisthehouseinwhichloncelived.这是我曾经住过的房子。（作介词in的宾语）5. that即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who, whom,指物多用that。

4、Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。（指物，作主语） Themagazine（that） Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。（指物，作宾语）thephonerang.“Grandmadiedlastnight.rmsorry.Ihungupthephonefeelinglikemyworldhadended.Ihadlostmyfriend, andthatwasfarworsethanknowinglwouldhavetoretumtowashing dishes. Iwentbackattheendof

5、fourweeks,askingtobegintheworkstudy programagain.Thefinancialaidadvisorlookedatmeasiflhadlostmymind.Iexplainedmypositio n, thenhesmiledandslidmeanenvelope. u Thisisforyou, hesaid.Paragraph!：TTznetopwav/ramGra/idfm.Shehadknownhowsickshewas.Intheenvelopewasenoughmone ytopayfortherestofmycoHegeyearanda

6、requestthatltakepianolessonsinhermemory.Movedtotears, Ideterminedtolearnpianolessonsbyheartandmymemoryofgrandmainotivatedmetopracticedayandnig ht.Now,year slater,whenlwalkbyapiano,IsmileandthinkofGrandma.Sheisplayingthepianosmilinglyinheaven, lamsure. ?远大前程？又译?孤星血泪？，是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯晚年写成的长篇小说。故事背景 为1812年圣

7、诞节前夕至1840年冬天，主角孤儿皮普(Pip)以自传式手法，表达从7岁开始的 三个人生阶段。 词句积累1. manage/ maenlds/z. 设法做成；运用2. blacksmith/blaeksmie/九铁匠；锻工3. gravestone/brelvstsun/.墓碑,基石4. marsh/marj/zi.沼泽；湿地5. . Hewasabigman, dressedallingrey, withanironchainonhisleg.分析：该句为简单句，形容词短语dressedallingrey修饰abigman作后置定语，with复合 结构也作定语，修饰abigman。Great

8、Expectations(excerpt)MyfirstnamewasPhilip, butwhenlwasasmallchildlcouldonlymanagetosayPip.SoPipwaswhateverybodycalledme.whowasovertwentyyearsolderthanme,solcouldnotrememberthematall, aboutamilefromthevillage,IlivedinasmallvillageinEssexwithmysister, andmarriedtoJoeGargery, thevillageblacksmith.Mypar

9、entshaddiedwhenlwasababy, butquiteoftenlusedtovisitthechurchyard, tolookattheirnamesontheirgravestones.Myfirstmemoryisofsittingonagravestoneinthatchurchyardonecold, grey, Decemberafternoon, lookingoutatthedark,flat,wildmarshesdividedbytheblacklineoftheRiverThames,andlisteningtotherushingsoundofthese

10、ainthedistance.DontsayawordCriedaterriblevoice,asamanjumpedupfromamongthegravesandcaughtholdofme.Ifyoushoutr Hcutyourthroat! Hewasabigman,dressedallingrey,withanironchainonhisleg.Hisclotheswerewetandtorn.Helookedexhausted,andhungry,andveryfierce.Ihadneverbeensofrightenedinmy wholelife.“Oh! Don9tcutm

11、ythroat, sir! Ibeggedinterror.Tellmeyourname, boy! Quick! Hesaid, stillholdingme. u Andshowmewhereyoulive! “ Myname sPip， sir.AndUiveinthevillageoverthere. Hepickedmeupandturnedmeupsidedown.Nothingfelloutofmypocketexceptapieceofoldbread.Heateitintwobites,likeadog,andputmebackonthegravestone. u Sowhe

12、reareyourfatherandmother? Heasked.uThere, sir, lanswered, pointingtotheirgraves.uWhat! Hecried, andwasabouttorun, whenhesawwherelwaspointing. Oh! Hesaid.?远大前程?（节选）我的教名叫菲利普，但是在我还是个小孩子的时候，我仅会说皮普。因此，皮普就成了大家叫我的名字。我与姐姐住在埃森克斯的一个小村庄，姐姐比我大20多岁，她与村里的铁匠乔葛吉瑞 结了婚。当我还是一个婴儿时，父母就离开了人间，所以我不记得他们的一切情况，但是，我常 常去离村庄大约1英

13、里的教堂墓地，瞻仰墓碑上他们的名字。我最初的记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午，坐在那个教堂墓地的一块墓 石上。看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽荒地，听到的是从远处大海刮 来的嗖嗖的吼叫声。“别出声！” 一个凶恶的声音大喊起来，这时，从墓地里窜出一个人来，一把抓住我。 “如果你叫喊我就割断你的喉咙！他身材高大，穿着一身灰色衣服，腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿漉漉的，并且破烂不 堪，看上去筋疲力尽、饥寒交迫又十分凶残的样子。我在一生中从没有如此害怕过。“噢！先生，不要割断我的喉咙！我害怕地乞求着。“小子，告诉我你叫什么名字！快点！他仍然抓着我说。“指给我看你住在哪儿！ “先

14、生，我叫皮普，我住在那边的村庄里。 他抓起我，又把我按倒在地。我的口袋里除了一块剩面包外一无所有，他狼吞虎咽地两口吃下，又把我放回墓石上。“那么，你的爸爸妈妈在哪儿？ 他问道。“先生，在那儿，我指着那里的坟墓答复。当他看到我所指的地方时，“什么！ 他叫起来拔腿就要跑。“噢！ 他说。只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况1 .先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。Thisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatlhaveeverhad.这是我吃

15、过的最美味的食品。2 .先行词是不定代词，如 all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none 等时。 HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。3 .先行词被 all, every, no, theonly, thevery, thelast 等修饰时。 vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。 Theonlythingthatsh

16、ecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。Ihavefoundtheverypenthatllostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。4 .领先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremeinber.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5 .当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？I用适当的关系词填空1.

17、Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringwhich/thathehadlostonthetrain.2. Thechildrenwho/thatwereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.3. Thewomanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.4. Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatlhavevisited.5. Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatsh

18、ewasinterestedin.6. . Look, herea(esomepeoplewho/whom/thatlwantyoutomeet.7. Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?8. . Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.9. Thisistheveryhotelthatlstayedatwhenlwastravellinghere.10. ThechildwhpseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.II

19、语法与写作Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshowethisyear（今年放映过的）.1. Wheatisakindofplantwhich/thatisgxowninthnnorthofChina（中国北方种植的）.2. Heisthemostcarefulboythatlhaveeverknown（我所知道的）.3. Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear（我们去年参观过的）.4. Mr.LiuwantstotalktothestudentwhoseparentsworkinAmerica（父母在美国工作 的学生）.5

20、. Thosewhovolunteertogotothewest（想 自 愿去西部的人）havesignedtheirnames.有关人际关系、友谊的文章“文体感知与人际关系、友谊相关的文章的体裁以议论文为主。议论文的写作是就某一方面的问题 通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般说来，议论文由论点、论据、论证三局 部构成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。增分佳句Heishonestandalwaysreadytohelpothers.1. Heisverykindandtalkative.2. Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.3. Afriend

21、inneedisafriendindeed.4. . Alifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutthesun.5. Heissuchawarm- heartedmanthatwealladmirehimverymuch.“写作要求你校某研究学习小组正在开展关于“处理学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系的调查。 请你就这一话题，按照以下要点写一篇80词左右的英语短文。1 .现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题，如与同学吵架、不听家长和老 师的建议等。2 .你个人的改良意见（至少两条）。审题谋篇词句推敲工程结论体裁议论文话题处理人际关系时态一般现在时人称第一、二人称1

22、.词汇存在exist焦虑anxiety发脾气 loseonestemper对充耳不闻turnadeafearto吵架quarrel与某人关系不好beonbadtermswithsb.记住keep.inmind反过来inreturn2 .完成句子一些学生因为焦虑和学习负担很容易发脾气。Somestudentsareeasytolosetheirtempeebecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.他们有时和别人吵架，甚至对父母和老师的意见充耳不闻，这很让人失望。TheysometimesquairelwithotheroTheyeventumadeafeartotheirpa

23、rentsaedteachers.Itisverydis appointing.在我看来，我建议我们高中学生应努力改善这种情况。Inmyopinion, Isuggestusseniocschoolstudentsmakingoureffortstoimprovethesituation.我们和朋友、老师或者父母关系不好，我们可以敞开心扉地和他们聊天。Weareonbadtermswiththemandwecanhaveaheart - to - heartchatwithourfriends ， teacheisorpaients.3 .句式升级用并列句和非限制性定语从句升级句Theysom

24、etimesquarrQlwithothers,andeventumadeafeaetotheirparentsaedteachers,whichisvcry disappcinling.用when引导的时间状语从句升级句Whenweareonbadtermswiththerruwecanhaveaheart-to-heailchatwithou】friends,teache】sorparents.妙笔成篇Onepossibleversion ：Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersandclass

25、matesisbein gmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.Generallyspeaking,wegetonwellwitheachother.However,therestillexistsomeproblems.Somestudentsareeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburd en.What sworse, theysometimesquarrelwithothers, andeventurnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachers, whichisveryd

26、isappointing.Inmyopinion,Isuggestusseniorschoolstudentsmakingoureffortstoimprovethesituation.First,weshouldrespectourparentsandteachersaswellasourclassmates.Second, whenweareonbadtermswiththem, wecanhaveaheart to heartchatwithourfriends, teachersorparents.Weshouldkeeptheiradvantagesinmindandapologis

27、etothem.Inreturn, theywillforgiveusfromthebottomoftheirhearts.I单句语法填空1. Istillremembertheearthquakethat/whichhappenedin2021 inSichuan.2. Haveyoureadthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?3. Thefirstthingthathedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.4. Isthistheteacherwho/thatrescuedseveralstudentsfr

28、omtheburningbuilding?5. Doyouknowtheladywho/thatourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?6. ItisthetallestbuildingthatDaminghaseverseensincehecamehere.7. Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan 1, 000ya.8. Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9. An

29、yonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10. Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.II阅读理解Dear Dani,My friend makes up stories about things she has done all the time and other people at school believe her. What should I do?Anna Dani says：Often people make things up because they,

30、 re worried that they are not interesting. So let your friend know that she doesn t need stories to make friends or impress（给留下深亥I E1 象）others. Point out that when others discover the truth, they won t be impressed at all.Dear Dani,I have two best friends and they re always leaving me out! They neve

31、r invite me to anything.What can I do?TomDani says：Groups of three can be very difficult because one person often gets left out. Your friends may not realize how you feel. Talk to them about this and agree to plan the next outing together. With a bit of effort, a group of three can be a wonderful fr

32、iendship!Dear Dani,I told my friend a secret, but then I found out she told it to somebody else. What can I do?Daisy Dani says：We all make mistakes so give your friend another chance. But tell her that your secret is important to you and that she must not do this again. If your friend finds it hard

33、to keep a secret, be careful what you tell her in future.Dear Dani,I m friends with a boy, but some girls keep laughing at me about it. Can t girls be friends with boys as well?Mary Dani says：Of course girls can be friends with boys. Some girls laugh at this because they dont really know any boys. C

34、arry on enjoying your friendship. If the girls got to know this boy, they might stop teasing you. Why not invite one or two of them along next time you meet him?【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。Dani就四个读者在交友过程中遇到的问题给予了合 理的建议。1. Whosefriendhasabigmouth?A. Tom.B. Mary.C. Anna.D. Daisy.D解析：细节理解题。根据Daisy写信的内容可知，她的朋友将她的秘密告

35、诉了其他人， 由此可知答案。2. Theunderlinedword “teasing inthelastparagraphprobablymeans “ A - avoidingB. hatingC. makingfunofD. takingpityonC解析:词义猜想题。根据最后一“封信中的some girls keep laughing at me about it”和 Some girls laugh at this，z 可知,tease 意为“嘲笑。3. WecaninferfromthetextthatDaniisprobablya(n).A. adviserB. storytel

36、lerC. researcherD. teacherA解析：推理判断题。文中的四封信都是写给Dani的，而且Dani给他们回复并给 出了建议，由此可知，Dani很可能是某个专栏的参谋。III语法填空Doyouwanttobecomeadancer?Ifso,the 1.(early)youstartlearningaboutandpracticingdance, thebetter.Manyprofessionaldancersstartedtakingdancelessonswhen2.werechildren.E arningacollegedegree3.(suggest)ifanyon

37、ewantstobecomeadancer,becauseitcanhelpthemgetotherworkifneeded.Also, dancerswithadegreemayhavethechoiceof4.(teach) dance.Becomingaprofessionaldancerisprobablyonlyadream, 5.itcanhappenifatalentedpersonworkshard.Thosewhowish6.(become) dancersmustbeingoodshapeandworkhardtokeep7.shape.Dancersmusthavecre

38、ativeexpression,beingabletoexpress8.(think)andfeelingthroughdance.Ittakespracticetodothiswell.Ifyouwanttobecomeadancer, it susuallyagoodideatodancetoavarietyofmusicbeforechoosingonetopursue.Dancinginasmallpartinalocalshowforloworevennopaymaybe9.waytostartaprof essionaldancecareer.Experienceisneededt

39、odevelopyourstyleindance.Smalldancingpartsleadtobigge ronesifyouarequite 10.(energy) andhardworking.【解题导语】想当一名专业的舞蹈家是不容易的，但是通过努力也是能实现的。1. earlier解析:考查副词的比拟级。此处是“the+比拟级,the+比拟级”句型。2. they解析：考查代词。这里用they指代前面提到的Manyprofessionaldancers。3. issuggested解析：考查动词的时态与语态。此处Earningacollegedegree与suggest之 间是被动关系

40、，且本句应为一般现在时，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。4. teaching解析：考查非谓语动词。of是介词，后跟动名词形式。5. but解析：考查连词。前后两句是转折的关系，故用but连接。6. tobecome解析：考查非谓语动词。wish后面接不定式形式的非谓语动词，构成 wishtodosth.结构。1.1 n解析：考查介词。keepinshape是固定搭配，指“保持体形。8. thoughts解析：考查名词。根据后面的feelings可知此处用名词形式，意为“想法。9. a解析：考查冠词。way是第一次提到的单数可数名词，故用a修饰，表泛指。10. energetic解析：考查形容词。

41、此处用形容词作表语，与后面的hardworking并列。 IV应用文写作假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不 适应新的生活和学习环境，想家，并感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。要点如下:1 .表示理解并给予抚慰；2 .提出建议并给出理由。注意：词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）。Hi, Linda,I, msorrytolearnthatyouarehavingsuchabadtime.Yours,LiHuaOnepossibleversion ： Hi, Linda,I m sorry to learn tha you ar

42、e having such a bad time.ActuaHy, mostpeoplewillfeelhomesickandanxiouswhentheyleavehomeandcometoanewplace, especiallyaforeigncountry.Sodon tworrytoomuch.Herearesometipsforyou.First,youdbettertrytochangesomeofyourhabitssothatyoucangetusedtothenewenvironmentassoonaspossible.S econd,makemorenewfriends,

43、whocansharetheirhobbiesandideaswithyou.Youwillfeellesshomesickwithmanyfriendsaroundyou.T hird, youshouldtakepartinsomesocialactivities.Itwillhelpyoulearnmoreaboutthelocalcustomsandcultures.Ihopemyadvicewillbeuseful.Yours,Li Hua v读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Manyyearsearlier, my motheiknewthats

44、hecouldnotsendmetoconegeandpayforit.Sheworkedinaretailstoreandmadeju stcnoughtopaythcbillsandtakccarcofthcothcrchildrcnathomc.Iflwantcdtogotocollcgc,itwasuptometofindouthowtogetthere. Ifoundthatlqualifiedforsomegrantsbecauseofthesizeofourfamily,mymomsincomeandmySATscores.Therewasenoughtocoverschoola

45、ndbooks, butnotenoughfoiroomandboard.Iacceptedajobaspartofaworkstudy program. Whilenotattractive, itwasonelcoulddo.Iwasheddishesintheschoolcafeteria.Justwhenlthoughtlwasgoingtodropoutofmycollegecareer,anangelappeared.Well,oneofthosethatareonearth, withoutwings. Iheardthatyouneedsomehelp ，” hesaid.u

46、Whatdoyoumean ? Tasked, tryingtofigure outwhichareaofmylifehemeant. u Financially, to stay in schoolu Well, I make it okay. I just have trouble working all these hours and finding no time to study. “Well, I think I have a way to help you out.”Hewentontoexplainthathisgrandparentsneededhelpontheweeken

47、ds.Allthatwasrequiredofmewa scookingmealsandhelpingthemgetinandoutofbedinthemorningandevening.Thejobpaidfourhundred dollarsamonth,twicethemoneylwasmakingwashing dishes.Nowlwouldhavetimetostudy.lwenttomeethisgrandparentsandacceptedthejob.Myfirstdiscoverywashisgrandmother, sgreatloveofmusic.Shespenthoursplayingherold, off keypiano.Oneday,shetoldmeldidnthaveenoughfuninmylifeandtookituponherselftoteachmetheart.Grandmawasimpressedwithmyabilit yandencouragedmetocontinue.Weekendsintheirhousebecamemorethanjustbooksandcooking, theywerefilledwiththewonderfulsoundsoftheoutof- tunepianoandtwoveryout